Arnstadt

Arnstadt
Magaalo
Bach Church
Calanka Astaan
Goobta Arnstadt gudaha Ilm-Kreis district
Arnstadt Arnstadt
Isku-duwayaasha: 50°50′3″N 10°56′47″E
Dal	Germany
Degmo	Ilm-Kreis
Qaybaha	core town + 17 villages
Dawladda
• Duqa magaalada (2024–30)	Frank Spilling
Bedka
• Wadarta	104.99 km2 (40.54 sq mi)
Joogga	288 m (945 ft)
Aagga waqtiga	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Xagaaga (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Koodka boostada	99301–99310
Koodhka wicitaanka	03628
Diiwaangelinta baabuurta	IK, ARN, IL
Websaydhka	www.arnstadt.de

Arnstadt (Af Jarmal pronunciation: [ˈaʁnˌʃtat] ^ⓘ) waa magaalo ku taal Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Jarmalka, oo ku taal webiga Gera qiyaastii 20 km koonfur ka xigta Erfurt, caasimadda Thuringia. Arnstadt waa mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu da'da weyn Thuringia, waxayna leedahay xarun taariikhi ah oo si wanaagsan loo dhowray oo leh gidaar magaalo oo qayb ahaan la dhowray. Magaalada waxaa loo bixiyay naanays ah Das Tor zum Thüringer Wald ("Albaabka Kaynta Thuringian") sababtoo ah goobteeda oo ku taal dhinaca waqooyi ee kayntaas. Arnstadt waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu qiyaastii tahay 27,000.

Juqraafi

Xarunta magaaladu waxay ku taal dhinaca galbeed ee webiga Gera. Degmadu waxay liqday dhowr degmo oo daris la ah: Angelhausen–Oberndorf (1922), Siegelbach (1994), Rudisleben (1999) iyo Wipfratal (2019). Degmooyinka dariska la ah waa Amt Wachsenburg, Alkersleben, Dornheim, Bösleben-Wüllersleben, Stadtilm, Ilmenau, Plaue iyo Geratal.

Cimilada

Celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ah waa 487 mm.

Taariikhda

Waraaqo hadiyad ah oo la soo saaray 1 May 704 oo ku taal Würzburg oo uu qoray Thuringian Duke Hedan II oo loo diray Anglo-Saxon bishop Willibrord ee Utrecht waa xuskii ugu horreeyay ee qoran ee Arnstadt ("Arnestati"), oo ay weheliso laba magaalo oo kale—xuskii ugu da'da weynaa ee la diiwaangeliyay ee degsiimooyinka Thuringia iyo bartamaha iyo bariga Jarmalka. Sanadkii 726, Arnstadt waxay u gudubtay Abbey of Echternach, ka dibna Abbey of Hersfeld. Sida uu qoray taariikhyahan August Beck, sannadkii 925 dhulka Henry I ayaa la ballaariyay si ay u noqoto gaashaan ka dhan ah Magyars-ka soo duulay. 17 December 954, Holy Roman Emperor Otto I wuxuu nabadda ku dhex dhigay Arnstadt wiilkiisii fallaagada ahaa Liudolf of Swabia iyo wiil kale, William, oo uu u magacaabay Archbishop of Mainz, wuxuuna go'aansaday in Liebfrauenkirche (Kaniisadda Our Lady) la dhiso.

Qarnigii 12-aad qayb ka mid ah Arnstadt ayaa ku dhacday xukunka Counts of Kevernburg. 8 March 1198 amiirradii Holy Roman Empire ayaa ku kulmay Arnstadt waxayna doorteen Philip of Swabia inuu noqdo Boqorka Jarmalka. Sanadkii 1220 Arnstadt waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu tilmaamay civitas, oo ah magaalo. 21 April 1266, abbot-ka Abbey of Hersfeld wuxuu bixiyay charter; intaas ka dib, Arnstadt waxay noqotay xarun ganacsi oo loogu talagalay timber, hadhuudh, khamri iyo qoryo.

Ka dib markii uu baaba'ay qoyska Kevernburg intii u dhaxaysay 1302 ilaa 1306, counts of Schwarzburg ayaa la wareegay Arnstadt. Isku dayga Erfurt 1342 iyo 1345 si ay u qabsadaan waxa hadda ahaa magaalo qani ah ayaa ku guuldareystay sababtoo ah ku xirnaanta xooggan. Barwaaqada Arnstadt waxay ku salaysnayd warshadaha wax shiidista, ganacsiga dharka, tanneries, iyo ganacsiga khamriga, woad, qoryo, hadhuudh, dhogor, iyo khudaar.

30 January 1349, Count Günther XXI of Schwarzburg, oo ahaa cadowga Boqor Charles IV, ayaa loo doortay oo loo caleemo saaray madaxa Arnstadt ee Frankfurt. Wuxuu ka tanaasulay cinwaankan 26 May 20,000 silver marks. Tixraac 1404 ah ayaa la helay sanadkii 2000 oo ku saabsan Bratwurst oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Arnstadt, sidaas darteed magaaladu waxay sheegatay hal-abuurkeeda. Sanadkii 1496, domains-ka Schwarzburg waxaa loo qaybiyay lordships-ka Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt iyo Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, kuwaas oo Arnstadt ay ka tirsanayd. Intii lagu jiray German Peasants' War 95 ka qaybgalayaal kacdoonka ah ayaa lagu gooyay madaxa sidii hoggaamiyeyaasha suuqa Arnstadt, 17 June iyo 2 August 1525. Magaalada waxaa lagu qasbay inay bixiso 3000 guilders taageerada kacdoon-wadayaasha. Sanadkii 1531 Reformation-ka waxaa la soo galiyay Arnstadt. Natiijo ahaan, Franciscan maidens' convent, iyo ka dib Franciscan mendicant convent (Barfüßerkloster) ayaa la saaray diinta. Laga soo bilaabo 1581, kaniisadda kaniisaddii hore ee Franciscan (hadda Oberkirche, "Upper Church") waxay ahayd kaniisadda ugu weyn magaalada. Sanadkii 1553, shaqadu waxay ka bilaabatay guriga count-ka, Neideck Castle. Qasriga biyaha waxaa la dhammaystiray 1560.

Iyadoo la bilaabay warshadaynta, aag la deggan yahay ayaa ka soo baxay galbeedka iyo koonfurta magaaladii hore, iyo aagag warshadeed oo waqooyiga ah. Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, waxay ahayd goobta xero maxaabiis-dagaal, inta badan Poles iyo Russians. 1,700 oo maxaabiis ah ayaa lagu hayay teendhooyin ay ku jireen 100 sariirood oo kaliya. Xerada waxaa xoreeyay ciidamada Maraykanka bishii Abriil 1945. Tiro xabaalo wadareedyo ah ayaa la helay. 1,200 oo rayid ah oo ka yimid magaalada deriska la ah ee Weimar ayaa loo keenay dalxiis qasab ah oo xerada ah. Tan waxaa ku jiray "bandhig xaraf" oo soo bandhigay "lampshade laga sameeyay maqaarka bini'aadamka." Bandhiga waxaa kale oo ku jiray xabbado maqaar ah oo loo isticmaalo sawirrada rinjiyeynta. Ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, magaaladu waxay u sii fiday waqooyiga iyada oo ay weheliso Geratals, aagag cusub oo la deggan yahay ayaa soo baxay 1970-yadii iyo 80-yadii, bariga iyo koonfur-bari ee Arnstadt, oo ay ku jirto Raven Hold. Arnstadt waa xarun wax soo saar leh oo leh glassworks iyo foundries, warshad wax soo saar leh oo solar panel ah, iyo ganacsiyo gacmo-gashi iyo qoryo-finishing ah.

Meelaha muuqda

The restored Wender organ in the Bach Church

Arnstadt waxay leedahay magaalo duug ah oo si qurux badan loo hayo, oo lagu xaddiday taraafikada dadka lugaynaya. Dhismayaasheeda xusid mudan waxaa ka mid ah:

• qarnigii 13-aad ee Romanesque-Gothic Liebfrauenkirche (Kaniisadda Our Lady)
• qasriga qarnigii 18-aad
• Bach Church (oo hore u ahaan jirtay New Church)
• kaniisaddii hore ee Franciscan Oberkirche ("Upper Church")

Sanadkii 1703, da'da siddeed iyo toban, muusikiiste Johann Sebastian Bach waxaa loo magacaabay organist kaniisadda New Church. Qoysku waxay ku noolaayeen jiilal badan agagaarka Arnstadt tanina waxay ahayd shaqadiisii ugu horreysay. Waxaa dhisay master organ builder Johann Friedrich Wender, organ-ka waxaa daah-furay Bach recital Sunday for feast of St John the Baptist. Bach wuxuu nasiib u yeeshay inuu awoodo inuu ku ciyaaro qalab casri ah oo si buuxda u shaqaynaya: waxay lahayd tuning wanaagsan, waxay ogolaatay saamaynta harmonic kala duwan, mana u baahnayn dayactir joogto ah. Muddadiisii Arnstadt waxay dhammaatay 1707, laakiin mar hore Bach wuxuu helay xirfad ku dhow dhammaystiran ee organ iyo keyboard technique, taas oo la joogi doonta isaga noloshiisa oo dhan. Shaqadiisa organ waxay u dhaxaysay chorales ballaaran ilaa qaybo kala duwan, sida fugues, preludes, fantasias, toccatas, passacaglias, sonatas iyo concertos. Wuxuu sidoo kale ka helay dhiirigelin asxaabtiisa, iyo sidoo kale Italian, German iyo French masterworks ee qarnigii lix iyo tobnaad iyo todoba iyo tobnaad, sida Fiori Musicali ee Girolamo Frescobaldi. Sida Template:Harvtxt ay tilmaamayaan, muddada xasaasiga ah inta u dhaxaysa 1703 iyo 1707, Bach wuxuu leeyahay xaalado ku habboon "si loo xoojiyo oo loo ballaariyo virtuosity-kiisa iyo, sida muusikiiste, dhiso oo horumariyo fantasy-giisa harmonic iyo fikradaha tonal".

Sport

Magaaladu waxay martigelisaa sannad kasta high jump meet – Hochsprung mit Musik – taas oo soo jiidata qaar ka mid ah boodayaasha sare ee dunida ugu horreeya. Kajsa Bergqvist waxay dejisay recordka dunida Arnstadt's Sporthalle am Jahn-sportpark sanadkii 2006.

Magaalooyinka mataanaha ah

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Arnstadt waxaa mataaneeyay la leh:

• Le Bouscat, France
• Dubí, Czech Republic
• Template:Country data AUT Gurk, Austria
• Kassel, Germany

Dadka caanka ah

Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada

August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof

• Johann Christoph Bach (1642–1703), muusikiiste
• Johann Michael Bach (1648–1694), muusikiiste
• August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof (1705–1759), naturalist
• Johann Christian Gottlieb Ernesti (1756–1802), classical scholar
• Johann Christian von Hellbach (1757–1828), qareen iyo qoraa
• Ernst August Nicolai (1800–1875), naturalist
• Friedrich Filitz (1804–1876), muusikiiste iyo musicologist
• E. Marlitt (1825–1887), qoraa
• Bernhard Stade (1848–1906), theologian
• Katrin Schreiter (born 1969), ciyaartoy
• Kornelia Greßler (born 1970), dabaasha
• Sandra Wallenhorst (born 1972), triathlete iyo duathlete
• Thomas Ziegler (born 1980), cyclist
• Theresa Senff (born 1982), cyclist
• Marcel Kittel (born 1988), cyclist

Loo aqoonsaday magaalada

• Johann Friedrich Wender (1655–1729), organ builder, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay halkan
• Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), muusikiiste iyo musician, wuxuu ka shaqeeyay halkan
• Willibald Alexis (1798–1871), qoraa taariikhi ah, wuxuu ku noolaa oo ku dhintay halkan
• Ludwig Bechstein (1801–1860), qoraa, wuxuu bartay halkan 1818–1821

Gallery

• 
  Architectural model ee Liebfrauenkirche ee Arnstadt
• 
  Qasriga Elisabeth Albertine von Anhalt-Bernburg
• 
  Riedtor iyo Jakobsturm

Xiriirinta dibadda

• Warbaahinta la xiriirta Arnstadt ee Wikimedia Commons