Bad Doberan

Bad Doberan
Bad Doberan
Magaalo
	Doberan Minster, oo ka mid ah goobaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhaxalka diimeed ee Brick Gothic ee Yurub
	Astaan
	Goobta Bad Doberan gudaha Rostock district
	Bad Doberan Bad Doberan
	Isku-duwayaasha: 54°06′25″N 11°54′19″E / 54.10694°N 11.90528°E
Dal	Germany
Degmo	Rostock
Dawladda
• Duqa magaalada	Jochen Arenz (Madaxbannaan)
Bedka
• Wadarta	32.85 km2 (12.68 sq mi)
Joogga	15 m (49 ft)
Aagga waqtiga	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Xagaaga (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Koodka boostada	18209
Koodhka wicitaanka	038203
Diiwaangelinta baabuurta	LRO, BÜZ, DBR, GÜ, ROS, TET
Websaydhka	Mareegta rasmiga ah

Bad Doberan (Af Jarmal pronunciation: [baːt dobəˈʁaːn] ^ⓘ) waa magaalo ku taal degmada Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Jarmalka. Waxay ahayd caasimaddii hore ee degmada Bad Doberan. Sanadkii 2012, tirada dadkeedu waxay ahayd 11,427.

Juquraafi

Bad Doberan waxay ku taal meel ka durugsan 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) galbeedka xarunta magaalada Rostock sidaas darteedna waxay qayb ka tahay mid ka mid ah gobollada ugu horumarsan qaybta waqooyi-bari ee Jarmalka. Magaaladu waxay ku dhex taal kaymaha geedaha beech iyadoo kaliya 6 km u jirta Badda Baltic waana mid ka mid ah dejimaha Jarmalka ee ugu horreeyay ee Mecklenburg. Maanta magaaladu waa goob dalxiis oo aad loo jecel yahay, mahadnaqa Heiligendamm, oo ah degmo ka tirsan Bad Doberan oo si toos ah ugu taal xariiqda dhagaxa ee Baltic. Taariikh ahaan, Doberan waxay ahayd hoyga xagaaga ee Dukes-ka Mecklenburg ee ku noolaa Schwerin, iyo dadka la socda.

Magaca

Magaca Doberan, oo asal ahaan ahaa Dobran, waa magac meel oo u badan inuu ka soo jeedo magaca shaqsiyeed ee Old Polabian, oo macnaheedu yahay "wanaagsan" (dobry).

Sida halyeeyga la sheego, magaca Doberan wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa markii kaniisadda la dhisayay. Waxaa la sheegaa in deerada soo maraysay ay argagax gelisay dhowr swan, kuwaas oo ku qayliyay argagax "dobre dobre". Halkaas oo ay dadkii kaniisadda (monks) ugu yeereen meeshii Doberan. Ilaa maantana, deerada iyo swan-ka ayaa qurxiya calaamadda magaalada.

Taariikh

Qarniyadii Dhexe

Bad Doberan waxaa la diiwaangeliyay 1177 sidii villa Slavica Doberan, laakiin horraantii 1171 dadkii kaniisadda Cistercian ee ka yimid Amelungsborn Abbey ee Weser Uplands waxay aasaaseen kaniisad (monastery) oo ku taal Althof saddex kiiloomitir koonfur-bari ee magaalada, oo hadda ah xaafad ka tirsan Bad Doberan. 1179, kaniisadahan ayaa inta badan lagu baabi'iyay kacdoon Slavic ah. Todobo sano ka dib, Cistercians-ku waxay sameeyeen isku day labaad oo ay ku aasaasayaan kaniisad goobta ay hadda ku taal abbey-ga. Kaniisadda Romanesque abbey, oo la hibeeyay 1232, waxaa lagu beddelay kaniisad sare Gothic ka dib dabkii 1291, kaas oo dhismihiisu u badan yahay inuu bilaabmay 1295, iyadoo qaybaha haray ee kaniisadda Romanesque lagu daray dhismaha cusub. Kaniisadda Gothic waxaa la quduus ka dhigay 1368. Doberan Abbey wuxuu noqday mid aad u qani ah sababtoo ah hawlihiisa dhaqaale wuxuuna lahaa hanti weyn. Ilaa kala diristii kaniisadaha intii lagu jiray Dib-u-habaynta 1552, waxay qaabaysay horumarka tuulada Doberan. Kaniisadda ka sokow, waxaa jiray tuulo farsamayaqaanno ah, Kammerhof (beeradii hore ee kaniisadda), laba goobood oo cabitaan ah, warshad leben ah, dambiile iyo dhowr guryo yar yar (Kötter). Wax yar ayay iska beddeshay ka dib markii kaniisadda loo wareejiyay 1552 dhinaca madaxbannaanida. Xafiis ducal ah ayaa laga aasaasay kaniisadda, waxaana soo baxay warshad iyo aqal ugaarsade.

Xilligii Hore ee Casriga ah

Doberan waxay si xun ugu dhibaatootay Dagaalkii Soddontanka Sano.

Xaaladda Doberan ayaa si weyn loo xoojiyay qarnigii 18-aad markii Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Frederick Francis I uu u doortay madadaalada qoyska ducal, sharafta Mecklenburg iyo, ka dib, qaar ka mid ah bourgeoisie-ga taajiriinta ah sidoo kale. Ingiriiska waxaa laga dareemay in badda oo lagu dabaasho ay si gaar ah u caafimaad qabto. Natiijo ahaan, 1793, duke-ku wuxuu ku dabaashay taladii dhakhtarkiisa Rostock, Samuel Gottlieb Vogel, ee Heiliger Damm ee Badda Baltic, taas oo calaamad u ah dhalashada goobta ugu horreysa ee xeebta Jarmalka, Heiligendamm. Dabaal-gayaashu waxay ku sugnaayeen Doberan waxayna ku ciyaareen mashiinnada booska (sanduuqyada dalxiiska ee ducal waxay ururiyeen 30,000 thalers oo royalties ah oo ka yimid casino-yada Doberan), qoob-ka-ciyaarka, iyo tartanka fardaha (waxaa laga yaabaa in tartankii ugu horreeyay ee fardaha ee Jarmalka uu ka dhacay halkan 10 Agoosto 1822).

Xilligii Dambe ee Casriga ah

Naqshadeeyayaasha caanka ah, sida Carl Theodor Severin, ardayda labada sayid ee duugga ah ee naqshadaynta Classicist, Carl Gotthard Langhans iyo Friedrich Gilly, iyo Johann Christoph von Seydewitz ayaa dhisay isku xigxig degdeg ah qaabka saafiga ah ee Classicist: guriga martida (Logierhaus), dhismaha qolka (Salongebäude) oo leh ballroom-kiisa sharafta leh ee qaabka Empire, Qasriga Amiirka (Prinzenpalais), guriga qubayska Stahlbad, dhowr guryo magaalo iyo meelaha caanka ah ee Shiinaha, oo ay ku jiraan hantida naqshadaha beerta, waxa loogu yeero Kamp. Mahadnaqa amiirka ee dhisaha oo qaabeeyay muuqaalka Doberan aad u badan, wuu yaraa; Severin wuxuu ku dhintay saboolnimo iyo iloobin Bad Doberan, halkaas oo lagu aasay meel aan la aqoon. Wakhtiga ugu sarreeya (1793: 900, 1840, 3,000, 1870: 4,000 oo qof) waxay socotay kaliya dhowr sano. Si tartiib ah Heiligendamm ayaa u kobcay, mar ahaan jiray kaliya lifaaq Doberan, galay goob madaxbannaan, iyo ku wareegsan Doberan waxay noqotay mid aamusan mar kale.

Midna bixinta xuquuqda magaalada ee Doberan 1879 (motto: Deerada, qalooca iyo swan, waa hubka Doberan) ama dhismaha khadka tareenka ee Rostock via Bad Doberan ilaa Wismar 1883/84, ama aasaasidda tareenka uumiga inta u dhaxaysa 1886 iyo 1910 ma beddelin xaaladda wax badan. Tareenka, oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan Molli ayaa wali socda maanta via Heiligendamm ilaa Kühlungsborn, isagoo dhex maraya bartamaha magaalada.

Magaaladu waxay kasbatay xaaladda goob dalxiis iyo horgalaha Bad 1921 ("Bad" macnaheedu waa "spa" ama "goob dalxiis" waana horgale caadi ah Jarmalka).

Agoosto 1932, Adolf Hitler waxaa la siiyay muwaadin sharaf leh; Bad Doberan waxay ahayd magaaladii ugu horreysay ee Jarmalka ee sidaas samaysa. Xaqiiqdi, maadaama shahaadada la lumiyay, waxaa jiray is-afgaranwaa dhowr sano oo ku saabsan in la siiyay muwaadin sharaf leh iyo in kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xilligii gu'ga 1932 Xisbiga Nazi wuxuu lahaa aqlabiyad dhammaystiran shirka golaha magaalada, iyo maqaallo la daabacay ayaa wali jira waqtigaas, sidaas darteed waxaa guud ahaan la aqbalay in Hitler run ahaantii lagu sharfay habkan. Iyadoo magaaladu martigelinayso shir madaxeedka G8 bishii Juun 2007, waxaa la go'aamiyay 2 Abriil in Hitler laga saaro liiska sharafta magaalada, inkasta oo caadi ahaan muwaadin sharafeedka noocan oo kale ah uu dhammaado dhimashada qofka ku lug leh.^[1]

12 Juun 2011, dukumenti soo baxay kaas oo u badan inuu tilmaamayo Rosenkopf inay tahay magaaladii ugu horreysay ee Jarmalka ee siisa Adolf Hitler muwaadin sharaf leh (22 Luulyo 1932), maahan Bad Doberan.

Muddo-dagaalkii kadib

Laga soo bilaabo qiyaastii 1965 ilaa 1985 meelaha la deggan yahay ee Buchenberg, oo leh 1,049 guri, iyo Kammerhof oo leh 589 guri, ayaa lagu dhisay qaab Plattenbau. Ka dib dhammaadkii GDR 1990, xarunta magaalada taariikhiga ah iyo kaniisadda Bad Doberan ayaa si fiican loo dayactiray iyada oo qayb ka ah horumarka magaalada. 1994, degmada miyiga (Landkreis) ee Bad Doberan waxaa laga sameeyay degmooyinka Bad Doberan iyo Rostock Land iyo Amt Schwaan. Rugta dhaqancelinta ee Moorbad ayaa la furay 1996 iyo Median Clinic, Heiligendamm, 1997. Tan iyo 2000, Bad Doberan waxay ahayd goob bogsiin ah. 2005 hoolka magaalada cusub ayaa la daah-furay. 13 Luulyo 2006 madaxweynaha Maraykanka, George W. Bush, ayaa habeenkii ku hoyday Heiligendamm.^[2] Laga bilaabo 6 ilaa 8 Juun 2007, G8 Summit ayaa ka dhacay Heiligendamm, kaas oo ay ka qaybgaleen Stephen Harper (Canada), Nicolas Sarkozy (France), Angela Merkel (Germany), Romano Prodi (Italy), Shinzō Abe (Japan), Vladimir Putin (Russia), George W. Bush (USA), Tony Blair (UK) iyo José Manuel Durão Barroso (EU).

Dhaqanka iyo goobaha

Guud

Dhismayaasha classicist-ka ee lagu garto xarumaha Bad Doberan iyo Heiligendamm waxaa dhamaantood dhisay 1801 iyo 1836 naqshadeeye, Carl Theodor Severin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhismaha ugu caansan waa Doberan Minster (Doberaner Münster, 1368), oo mar ahaan jiray kaniisadda Doberan Abbey, waana mid ka mid ah tusaalooyinka ugu cajiibsan ee Brick Gothic dhismaha gobolka Badda Baltic. Waa goobta ugu muhiimsan ee diimeed ee European Route of Brick Gothic. Qabriga weyn ee Boqor Albert ee Sweden ayaa halkaas laga heli karaa.

Bad Doberan sidoo kale waa hoyga "Molli", tareen uumiga taariikhiga ah ee qarnigii 19-aad kaas oo ah dalxiis soo jiidasho leh iyo sidoo kale adeeg maalinle ah oo magaalada iyo xeebta deriska ah.

Magaaladu waxay martigelisaa dabbaaldegga sannadlaha ah ee u dabaaldegaya muusigga Frank Zappa, Zappanale, sidoo kale waxay soo bandhigtaa busta fanaanka.

Matxafyada

Matxafka Magaalada iyo Goobta: bandhig joogto ah oo ku saabsan taariikhda Doberan-Heiligendamm ee gurigii hore ee naqshadeeye iyo dhisaha Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel, oo dhisay villa-kan Neo-Gothic 1886 ilaa 1888.
Ehm Welk House: goob kulan dhaqameed oo ku taal gurigii hore ee qoraaga, Ehm Welk

Taallooyinka taariikhiga ah

Taallo askartii ka timid Doberan ee ku dhintay ama ku maqan Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka ee buurta Buchenberg (oo maxalli ahaan loo yaqaan Backenzahn). kii asalka ahaa waa laga saaray. Maanta waxaa jira iskutallaab cad oo hortiisa taallo. Taallada waxaa la dhisay dabayaaqadii 1920-yadii naqshad uu sameeyay Hans Carlson.
Taallo laga soo bilaabo 1960-yadii, oo uu maalgeliyay qoraaga, Ehm Welk, hortiisa dugsiga dhexe ee Buchenberg ee Ehm-Welk-Straße, "dhibanayaasha fashiistaha".
Taallo laga soo bilaabo 1986 by sculptor Reinhard Dietrich, u dhow kaniisadda dhibanayaasha fashiistaha.
Taallo laga soo bilaabo 1970 hortiisa dugsiga ee Beethovenstraße si loo xuso Shuuciga Reichstag MP, Ernst Schneller, oo lagu dilay xeryaha fiirsashada ee Sachsenhausen. Dugsigu wuxuu ka tagay magaciisa oo uu qaatay xilligii Bariga Jarmalka.

Dhismayaasha iyo dhaqanka

Doberan Abbey iyo Minster
Althof Chapel laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 15-aad. Waa hal-aisled, cross-rib vaulted, dhisme leben ah kaas oo si weyn loogu beddelay Möckel sanadihii 1886-1888.
burburka bakhaarka kaniisadda (Klosterscheune) ee Althof, goob Gothic ah oo leh saf arcades ah.
Heiligendamm, goobtii ugu horreysay ee xeebta ee Jarmalka
Kamp, beerta qaabka Ingiriiska oo leh geedo qurux badan oo geedkii, limes, chestnuts iyo elms, iyo kuwaas oo samaynta cutub farshaxan ah oo leh dhismayaal qaabka ugu saafi ah ee Classicist, oo ay ku jiraan:
Kurhaus, oo hore u ahaan jiray Logierhaus (la dhisay 1793 by v. Seydewitz);
Salongebäude, la dhisay 1802 by Severin; hoolka xafladaha waa gudaha Classicist ee ugu fiican Bad Doberan;
Großer Palais la dhisay 1806/09 by Severin, wuxuu ka kooban yahay hanti gaar ah oo ku taal hoolka beerta oval: saqaf rinji ah iyo wallpaper oo muujinaya Amor iyo Psyche halyeeyga Apuleius (ku salaysan naqshadaha Lois Lafitte iyo Mary Blonder oo la daabacay 1820 ee Paris).
Severinstraße ee ku xiga waa guriga cunto kariyaha shakhsi ahaaneed ee duke, Gaetano Medini, (No. 5), la dhisay by Severin 1825, gaar ahaan caan ku ah facade-kiisa aadka u firfircoon, qaybsan.
Dhinaca kale ee Kamp waa Qasriga Amiirka iyo guriga Gottesfrieden oo ka soo horjeeda, kuwaas oo la dhisay by Severin midba midka kale sida guryihiisa. Wuxuu u baahday inuu dhiibo kii ugu horreeyay ee sayidkiisa.
Pavilions-ka Cas iyo Caddaan (la dhisay 1808/09 iyo 1810 ilaa 1813) ee bartamaha beerta waa tusaalooyin kaliya iyo naqshado Shiinees ah ee Mecklenburg iyo bilowgii waxay dejiyeen pavilion muusig iyo dukaamo dukaameysi.
Friderico-Francisceum, gymnasium-ka kaliya ee magaalada, wuxuu ku yaalaa dhisme u dhow Kamp kaas oo la dhisay by Möckel 1889.
Tempelberg hill waa munaaradda biyaha duugga ah, dhismaha kaas oo bilaabmay 1927. Waa taallo liis gareysan.

Sannad kasta dabbaaldegga muusigga Zappanale wuxuu ka dhacaa Bad Doberan.

Sport

Baltic Sea Racecourse (Ostseerennbahn): tartankii ugu horreeyay ee Jarmalka, oo la dhigay 1823 iyada oo ku salaysan tusaalaha Ingiriiska
Kubadda cagta: Doberaner FC
Cycling/Triathlon: Doberaner SV, qaybta Cycling/Triathlon
Handball: Doberaner SV, Ragga: qaybta 3aad; Haweenka: qaybta 1aad ee gobolka (Landesoberliga)
Light athletics: Doberaner SV

Dadka caanka ah

Ku dhashay magaalada

Johanna André (1861–1926), soprano iyo macallin codka
Eduard Heyck (1862–1941), taariikhyahan dhaqameed, tifaftire, qoraa iyo abwaan
Otto Schünemann (1891–1944), lieutenant general ee Wehrmacht
Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern (1891 ee Heiligendamm – 1965), madaxa House of Hohenzollern
Olaf Klose (1903−1987), taariikhyahan farshaxan iyo maktabad.
Joachim Schmettau (dhashay 1937), sculptor-ka Berlin-based
Michael Buddrus (dhashay 1957), locksmith iyo taariikhyahan.

Sport

Hans Wolf (dhashay 1940), cyclist Maraykan ah
Frank Paschek (dhashay 1956), long jumper, bilad lacag ah oo at 1980 Summer Olympics
Felix Drahotta (dhashay 1989), rower, bilad lacag ah oo at 2016 Summer Olympics

Ku noolaa, ka shaqeeyay ama ku dhintay magaalada

Claus von Amsberg (1926–2002), ninkii Queen Beatrix; ardayga Friderico-Francisceum Gymnasium 1933/1936 iyo 1943
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809–1847) wuxuu joogay sidii 15-jir xagaagii 1824 aabbihiis dhowr toddobaad Doberan wuxuuna ka kooban yahay kuwa kale, 'Doberaner Blasmusik'.
Gaetano Medini (1772–1857), Italian-born Jarmal restaurateur, ku dhintay maxalli ahaan
Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel (1838–1915), naqshadeeye iyo dhisaha, ku noolaa, ka shaqeeyay oo ku dhintay maxalli ahaan
Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg [-Schwerin] (1873–1969), ku noolaa maxalli ahaan 1924/1945.
Carl Theodor Severin (1763–1836), naqshadeeye, ku noolaa, ka shaqeeyay oo ku dhintay maxalli ahaan.
Ehm Welk (1884–1966), qoraa, ku noolaa halkan laga bilaabo 1950 oo ku dhintay maxalli ahaan
Herman Wirth (1885–1981), folkish pseudo-taariikhyahan, xilligii Nazi wuxuu bilaabay maxalli ahaan, a "Research Institute of Spirit Surge layer"

Freeman

Bad Doberan waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah magaalooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee magacaabay Adolf Hitler Agoosto 1932 muwaadin sharaf leh. 2 Abriil 2007, golaha magaaladu si rasmi ah ayuu ula noqday muwaadinnimadiisa sharafta leh.^[3]