Biyo xireenka Nnywane
| Biyo-xireenka Nnywane | |
|---|---|
  Biyo-xireenka Nnywane Location of Biyo-xireenka Nnywane in Botswana | |
| Dalka | Botswana |
| Ku taal | Degmada Koonfur-Bari |
| Danaha | Sahayda biyaha magaalooyinka |
| Taariikhda la furay | 1970 |
| Kaydka | |
| Qaadka guud | 2,300,000 cubic metres (81,000,000 cu ft) |
| Catchment area | 238 square kilometres (92 sq mi) |
| Bedka sallaxa | 1.65 square kilometres (0.64 sq mi) |
Biyo-xireenka Nnywane waa biyo-xireen ku yaalla Webiga Nnywane ee dalka Botswana. Kaydka biyuhu waxa uu sahay biyo ah siiyaa Lobatse, oo ah magaalo u jirta 70 kilometres (43 mi) koonfurta Gaborone.[1] Biyaha kaydka ayaa sidoo kale loo wareejin karaa Gaborone haddii loo baahdo.[2]
Dhismaha
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Biyo-xireenka Nnywane waa kan ugu yar kaydka biyaha ee ay maamusho Shirkadda Adeegga Biyaha.[3] Biyo-xireenka waxaa la dhisay 1970-kii iyadoo la adeegsanayo dhismo carro ah oo leh udub-dhexaad. Waxay leedahay aag biyo-qabatin ah oo dhan 238 square kilometres (92 sq mi). Bedka oogada kaydka biyaha waa 1.65 square kilometres (0.64 sq mi).[4] Kaydka biyuhu waxa uu leeyahay awood dhan 2,300,000 cubic metres (81,000,000 cu ft).[5] Waxaa quudiya webiga Nnywane ee mararka qaar qallala, kaas oo socda oo kaliya xilliga roobka.[6] Biyo-xireenka ka hooseeya, Nnywane wuxuu ku qulqulaa Webiga Ngotwane, kaas oo ku qulqula Biyo-xireenka Ngotwane ee Koonfur Afrika. Ngotwane ayaa markaa samaysa xudduudda u dhaxaysa Botswana iyo Koonfur Afrika ka hor inta aysan ku qulqulin Biyo-xireenka Gaborone.[7]
Isbeddellada sahayda
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Sababo la xiriira cimilada kulul oo abaaraha ah, ku dhawaad 2.3% biyaha lagu kaydiyey Biyo-xireenka Nnywane ayaa ku luma uumi-bax sannadkii caadiga ah.[8] Roobabku waa kuwo aan la isku halayn karin. Xilligii roobka ee 1978–79 wuxuu ahaa bilowgii xilli abaar ah. Kaydka biyaha ayaa gabaabsi noqday 1982-kii, waxaana sahayda biyaha dadweynaha lagu qasbay inay u wareegaan bamgareynta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa.[9] Intii u dhaxaysay 1998 iyo 2008 boqolkiiba awoodda kaydka biyaha ee buuxsamay waxay u dhaxaysay 39.1% sannadkii 2003 ilaa 100% sannadkii 2006.[10] Bishii Juun 2012, xilliga jiilaalka oo ahaa mid aad u qalalan, biyo-xireenka ayaa hoos ugu dhacay 52% awooddiisa.[11]
Tixraacyo
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Xigashooyin
- ↑ Mwakikagile 2009, p. 65.
- ↑ Prommer 2001, p. 11.
- ↑ Department of Environmental Affairs 2006, p. 27.
- ↑ Water Utilities Corporation 2010.
- ↑ Central Statistics Office 2009, p. 3.
- ↑ De Vrces & Gieske 1990, p. 84.
- ↑ Ngwanaamotho 2011.
- ↑ Department of Environmental Affairs 2006, p. 26.
- ↑ De Vrces & Gieske 1990, p. 86.
- ↑ Central Statistics Office 2009, p. 4.
- ↑ Morewagae 2012.
Ilaha
- Xafiiska Tirakoobka Dhexe (Oktoobar 2009). "TIRA-KOOBKA BIYAHA BOTSWANA" (PDF). Archived from the original on July 7, 2010. Retrieved 2012-09-18.
- Waaxda Arrimaha Deegaanka (Luulyo 2006). "Xisaabaadka biyaha ee Botswana (1992-2003)" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-09-19.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)[xiriiriye dhintay] - De Vrces, J. J.; Gieske, A. (1990). "Habka dheelitirka chloride-ka ee fudud si loo goboleeyo dib-u-buuxinta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa: daraasad kiis oo ku saabsan Botswana oo semi-abaar ah" (PDF). Goboleynta Biyaha (Nidaamka Shirka Ljubljana, Abriil 1990). IAHS. Retrieved 2012-09-18.
- Morewagae, Isiah (12 Juun 2012). "Yaraanta biyaha ee daran ayaa soo socota". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2012-09-18.
- Mwakikagile, Godfrey (31 Oktoobar 2009). Botswana Tan iyo Xornimadii. Godfrey Mwakikagile. ISBN 978-0-9802587-8-3. Retrieved 2012-09-18.
- Ngwanaamotho, Maranyane (20 Janaayo 2011). "Daadadku waxay keenaan fowdo". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Prommer, Isolde (Maarso 2001). "Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia: Qaabaynta Caqabadaha Dadweynaha iyo Horumarinta Joogtada ah ee Xilligii HIV/AIDS" (PDF). International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
- Shirkadda Adeegga Biyaha (2010). "Halbeegyada Biyo-xireenka". Archived from the original on 2023-06-12. Retrieved 2012-09-19.