Chittagong
Chittagong, si rasmi ah Chattogram, waa magaalada labaad ee ugu weyn Bangladesh . Chittagong, oo ku taal hareeraha wabiga Karnaphuli oo ay xuduud la leedahay Chittagong Hill Tracts iyo Bay of Bengal, waa dekedda ugu mashquulka badan Bangladesh iyo dhammaan Bay of Bengal. Iyada oo u adeegta sida caasimadda ganacsiga dalka, sidoo kale waa xarunta maamulka ee qaybteeda iyo degmadeeda. Marka loo eego tirakoobkii 2022 ee ay sameysay Dowladda Bangladesh, Degmada Chittagong waxaa ku noolaa ku dhawaad 9.2 milyan, halka magaalada lafteeda ay hoy u ahayd in ka badan 5.6 milyan oo degane. Iyada oo leh ganacsiyo badan oo maxalli ah oo waaweyn, Chittagong waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa wadista dhaqaalaha Bangladesh.
Mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu da'da weyn adduunka oo leh deked dabiici ah oo shaqaynaysa qarniyo, [1] Chittagong ayaa ka soo muuqday maabihii Giriiggii hore iyo Roomaanka, oo ay ku jiraan khariidadda adduunka ee Ptolemy . Waxay ku taallaa laanta koonfureed ee Waddada xariirta . Qarnigii 9-aad, baayacmushtariyaal ka socday Khaliifada Cabbaasiyiinta ayaa xarun ganacsi ka sameystay Chittagong. Dekeddu waxay ku dhacday qabsashadii Muslimiinta Bengal qarnigii 14aad. Waxay ahayd goobta reexaanta boqortooyada ee hoos timaada Delhi Sultanate, Bengal Sultanate iyo Boqortooyada Mughal . Intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 15-aad iyo 17-aad, Chittagong waxay sidoo kale xarun u ahayd maamulka, suugaanta, ganacsiga iyo hawlaha badda ee Arakan, dhul cidhiidhi ah oo ku teedsan xeebta bari ee Bay of Bengal kaas oo saameyn xooggan ku lahaa Bengali 350 sano.
Nawab ee Bengal ayaa dekedda ku wareejiyay shirkadda British East India Company 1793. Dekadda Chittagong waxaa dib loo habeeyay 1887-kii xiriirkeeda maraakiibta ugu mashquulka badanna waxay la lahayd Burma Ingiriiska . Sannadkii 1928-kii, Chittagong waxaa loogu dhawaaqay "Dekedda Weyn" ee Hindiya Ingiriiska . Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, Chittagong waxa ay saldhig u ahayd Ciidamada Huwanta ee ku hawlanaa Ololaha Burma . Magaalada dekeddu waxay bilawday inay balaadhiso oo ay warshadayso intii lagu jiray 1940-meeyadii, gaar ahaan ka dib Qaybtii British India . Magaaladu waxay ahayd marinka taariikhiga ah ee Assam Bengal Railway iyo Tareenka Bariga Pakistan . Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Xoraynta Bangaladesh 1971, Chittagong waxay ahayd goobtii lagaga dhawaaqay madaxbanaanida Bangladesh . Magaalada dekedda leh waxay ka faa'iidaysatay kobaca warshadaha culus, saadka, iyo wax soo saarka Bangladesh. Intii lagu jiray 1990-meeyadii, midowga shaqaaluhu wuxuu ahaa mid xooggan.
Chittagong waxay ka dhigan tahay 12% GDP-ga Bangladesh, oo ay ku jiraan 40% wax soo saarka warshadaha, 80% ganacsiga caalamiga ah, iyo 50% dakhliga cashuuraha. Magaalada dekedda leh waxay martigelisaa qaar badan oo ka mid ah ganacsiyada ugu da'da weyn iyo kuwa ugu waaweyn ee qaranka. Dekadda Chittagong waa mid ka mid ah dekedaha ugu mashquulka badan Koonfurta Aasiya . Saldhigga ugu weyn ee ciidamada badda ee Bangladesh wuxuu ku yaalaa Chittagong, oo ay weheliso saldhiga hawada ee ciidamada cirka ee Bangladesh, garisyada ciidamada Bangladesh iyo saldhiga ugu weyn ee ilaalada xeebaha Bangladesh . Aagga bari ee Jidka Tareenka ee Bangladesh wuxuu ku yaal Chittagong. Sarrifka saamiyada Chittagong waa mid ka mid ah suuqyada saamiyada mataanaha ah ee Bangladesh oo leh in ka badan 700 oo shirkadood. Xaraashka Shaaha ee Chittagong waa badeecado kala beddelasho ah oo lagula macaamilo shaaha Bangladeshi . CEPZ iyo KEPZ waa aagagga warshadaha ee muhiimka ah oo leh maalgashi shisheeye oo toos ah. Magaalada waxaa u adeegta garoonka caalamiga ah ee Shah Amanat ee duulimaadyada gudaha iyo dibadda. Tunnelka Karnaphuli, tunnelka ugu horreeya ee kaliya ee biyaha hoostooda mara ee Koonfurta Aasiya, wuxuu ku yaalaa Chittagong. Chittagong waxay hoy u tahay tirooyin caan ah oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan dhaqaaleyahanno saamaynta leh, ku guulaysta abaalmarinta Nobel Prize, saynisyahano, halgamayaal xorriyadda, iyo hal-abuuro ganacsi. Magaaladan waxa ay kaga duwan tahay kuwa kale ee Bangladesh diin kala duwanaanshiyaha qowmiyadeed ee muhiimka ah, in kasta oo ay ku nool yihiin muslimiin u badan. Dadka laga tirada badan yahay waxaa ka mid ah Hindus, Masiixiyiin, Buddhist, Chakmas, Marmas, Baruas, Tripuris, Garos iyo kuwa kale.
- ↑ Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (12 November 2012). Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places (in Ingiriisi). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-63979-1.