Gacanka Algoa

Gacanka Algoa Algoabaai  (Af-Afrikaanka)
Algoa Bay iyada oo Gqeberha (oo hore loogu magacaabay Port Elizabeth) ay ku taal xagga hore
Meesha dhacdo	33°50′S 25°50′E
Ocean/sea sources	Badweynta Hindiya ee Koonfurta
Wadanka biyo fadhiisiga	Koonfur Afrika
Gasiirad	St Croix Islands, Bird Islands
Deegaanka	Gqeberha, Coega, Bluewater Bay

Gacanka Algoa waa gacanka badda oo ku yaal Eastern Cape, Koonfur Afrika. Waxay ku taal xeebta bari, 683 kilometres (424 mi) bari ka xigta Cape of Good Hope.

Algoa Bay waxaa xad u ah dhinaca galbeed Cape Recife iyo dhinaca bari Cape Padrone. Gacanku wuxuu gaarayaa ilaa 436 m (1,430 ft) qoto dheer. Magaalada dekadda ah ee Port Elizabeth ayaa ku taal gacanka agtiisa, sidoo kale waxaa ku taal xarunta dekadda ee biyaha qoto dheer ee Port of Ngqura.

Taariikh

Khariidaddii qarnigii 17-aad ee Algoa Bay.

1853 sawir uu qaaday Thomas Baines oo muujinaya dadkii Ingiriiska ahaa ee soo degay Algoa Bay 1820-kii

Sahamiyihii reer Portugal ee Bartolomeu Dias wuxuu ahaa reer Yurubkii ugu horreeyay ee gaara Algoa Bay 1488, halkaas oo uu ku beeray iskutallaab alwaax ah oo ku taal jasiirad yar oo hadda loo yaqaan St Croix ama jasiiradda Santa Cruz. Wuxuu gacanka siiyay magac macnihiisu yahay "Gacanka Dhagaxa", kaas oo dalka Portugal loogu beddelay Bahia de Lagoa ama Gacanka Lagoon-ka, taas oo ugu dambayntii noqotay Algoa Bay.

Algoa Bay waxay caan ku noqotay saddex sababood dartood. Marka hore, waxay ahayd goobtii uu Bartolomeu Dias ku gartay inuu furay marinka badda ee loo maro Bariga ganacsiga caalamiga ah, taas oo awood u siisay Portugal inay noqoto awoodda badda ee ugu horreysa adduunka. Marka labaad, buuralayda ku wareegsan Algoa Bay, waxay u noqotay calaamad hagid loogu talagalay in lagu dhaafo bangiga khatarta ah ee Agulhas Bank ee ku yaal marinka loo maro Bariga, taas oo muujinaysa barta dhexe ee marinka loo maro Goa, Hindiya (agoa macnaheedu waa Goa). Marka saddexaad, Algoa Bay waxay caan ku noqotay goob loogu tago biyo la cabbi karo.

Joshua Slocum wuxuu kaga hadlayaa Algoa Bay buugiisa 'Sailing Alone Around the World':

Sahamiyayaashii reer Portugal ee hore, ee sabarka lahaa, waxay ku qaadatay in ka badan lixdan iyo sagaal sano inay ku dadaalaan inay ku wareegaan cape-kan ka hor intaysan gaarin Algoa Bay, halkaasna shaqaalihii ay fallaagoobeen. Waxay ku soo degeen jasiirad yar, oo hadda loo yaqaan Santa Cruz, halkaas oo ay si daacad ah u taageen iskutallaabta, waxayna ku dhaarten inay jari doonaan dhuunta kabtanka haddii uu isku dayo inuu sii dhoofo. Tan ka baxsan waxay u maleeyeen inay tahay cidhifka adduunka, kaas oo iyaguna ay aaminsanaayeen inuu yahay fidsan; iyagoo ka cabsanaya in markabkoodu ka dhici doono cidhifka, waxay ku khasbeen Kabtan Dias, oo ahaa taliyahooda, inuu dib u raaco wadadiisii, dhammaantoodna aad bay ugu faraxsanaayeen inay guriga ku noqdaan. Sanad ka dib, waxaan u sheegnay, Vasco da Gama wuxuu si guul leh ugu dhoofay hareeraha "Cape of Storms", sida loo yaqaanay Cape of Good Hope, wuxuuna helay Natal maalinta Kirismaska ama maalinta Natal; sidaas darteed magaca. Laga soo bilaabo bartaas jidka Hindiya wuxuu ahaa mid fudud iyadoo la kaashanayo kalluumaysatada Carabta iyo Hindiya.

Nautical charts ee gacanka waxay ka digayaan marin-u-dhiseedkaTemplate:When in "xabadaha iyo weelasha mustard gas ee aad u daxalaystay laga helay aagga u dhexeeya Cape St Francis iyo Bird Island ilaa qoto dheer oo 400 m (1,300 ft). Kalluumaysatada waa inay taxadar weyn muujiyaan."

Hubka kiimikada ayaa lagu tuuray gacanka ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka. Intii lagu jiray dagaalkaas, Port Elizabeth waxaa loo isticmaalay goob cilmi-baaris, soo-saarid iyo kaydinta mustard gas oo ay amartay Wasaaradda Hawada ee Ingiriiska.

Juqraafiyadda

Gqeberha iyo hareeraheeda 17-kii Maajo, 2022, laga soo qaaday Saldhigga Hawada Caalamiga ah

Nelson Mandela Bay

Degmada magaalada ee Nelson Mandela Bay, oo ay ku jiraan Gqeberha, Bluewater Bay, St Georges Strand iyo Coega, waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed ee Algoa Bay.

Jasiiradaha

Gacanku wuxuu ka kooban yahay lix jasiiradood oo magac leh oo ku yaal laba kooxood oo saddex ah kuwaas oo sida uu qabo BirdLife International "ay yihiin kuwo muhiimad weyn leh maadaama ay yihiin jasiiradaha kaliya ee ku yaal 1,777 km (1,104 mi) xeebta u dhexeeya Cape Agulhas iyo Inhaca Island ee Mozambique." Bedka guud ee jasiiradahani waxaa la sheegay inuu yahay 40 ha (99 acres).

Dhanka xeebta, oo u dhow horumarinta dekadda cusub ee Ngquru ee Coega, oo ku taal duleedka waqooyi-bari ee Port Elizabeth, waa kooxda St Croix, oo ka kooban jasiirad weyn oo magacaas leh iyo laba jasiiradood oo yaryar, Jahleel Island oo kaliya ka baxsan Ngqurha breakwater iyo Brenton Island dhinaca badda. Kooxda labaad waxay ka kooban tahay Bird, Seal iyo Stag Islands. Dhammaan lixda jasiiradood iyo biyaha ku xiga waxaa lagu dhawaaqay kaydka dabiiciga ah waxayna qayb ka yihiin Addo Elephant National Park. Jasiiradaha waxaa loo xiray dadweynaha.

Waxaa xusid mudan inay tahay caqabad ku ah socdaalka waa Despatch Rock, 2.4 km (1 ¹⁄₂ mi) dhinaca bari ee xaafadda Port Elizabeth ee Summerstrand. Dhagaxa, oo quusay marka hirku sarreeyo, waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay iftiin. Koonfurta fog, qiyaastii 1 km (⁵⁄₈ mi) koonfur-galbeed ee Cape Recife, barta bilowga galbeed ee gacanka waa Thunderbolt Reef. Inkasta oo aysan ku jirin gacanka, khatartan ku socota socdaalka ayaa sheegatay maraakiib badan oo si taxadar la'aan ah u galay ama ka baxay. Thunderbolt Reef waa mid quusay marka laga reebo hirarka badda oo hooseeya iyo hirarka ku dhacaya waxaa laga arki karaa dhulweynaha.

Kooxda St. Croix

Jasiiradda St. Croix oo laga arkay xeebta ugu dhow ee Hougham Park, bariga dekadda Coega. Halkan jasiiraddu waa qiyaastii 4 km oo badda ah. Laba guri oo dhagax ah oo aan la isticmaalin, oo ay isticmaali jireen kuwa ururiya guano ka dibna University of Port Elizabeth ujeedooyin cilmi baaris ayaa muuqda.

Jasiiradda Brenton oo laga arkay isla goobta sawirkii hore. Jasiiraddu waa wax ka yar 6 km (3 ¹⁄₂ mi) xeebta.

Maqaal dhamaystiran: St. Croix Island, Algoa Bay

• St. Croix Island oo ku taal 33°47′58″S 25°46′11″E waa 3.9 km (2 ³⁄₈ mi) oo ka fog dhulka ugu dhow waxayna kor u kacaysaa 59 m (194 ft). Warqadda xaqiiqda ee BirdLife waxay sheegaysaa jasiiradda 12 ha (30-acre) inay tahay kaliya 58 m (190 ft) ka sarreeya heerka badda. Waxay ku daraysaa in jasiiraddu tahay dhagax iyo “taageerta dhir yar”. Jasiiraddu waxay socotaa 700 m (2,300 ft) iyadoo ay weheliso dhidibka waqooyi-galbeed, koonfur-bari waana qiyaastii 360 m (1,180 ft) ballac ah oo ugu ballaaran – xeebta galbeed. Barta ugu sarreysa waa nus-wadada hareeraha xeebta waqooyi.
• Brenton Island (33°49′3″S 25°45′54″E) si la mid ah ayaa si naadir ah u leh dhirta waxaana ay ka yar tahay 20 m (66 ft) dherer ahaan, waana qiyaastii 250 m × 200 m (820 ft × 660 ft) cabbir ahaan oo leh jihaynta waqooyi-galbeed-koonfur-bari. Waa 5.75 km (3 ⁵⁄₈ mi) oo badda ah oo ka fog barta ugu dhow ee dhulweynaha iyo 1.75 km (1.09 mi) koonfurta St. Croix.
• Jahleel, oo dhererkeedu ka yar yahay 10 m (33 ft), waa wax ka badan 1 km (0.62 mi) oo ka fog xeebta ugu dhow iyo wax ka yar taasi oo ka fog Ngquru’s 2.6 km (1 ⁵⁄₈ mi) oo dherer ah oo bari ka xigta. Jahleel waa qiyaastii isla cabbirka Brenton waxayna leedahay dhidibka waqooyi-koonfur. Waa 5.75 km (3 ⁵⁄₈ mi) oo galbeed ka xigta St. Croix.

Kooxda Bird Island

Vasco da Gama wuxuu kooxdan jasiiradaha u bixiyay Ilhéus Chãos (jasiirado hoose ama fidsan). 1755, East Indiaman Doddington ayaa lagu jabiyay halkan intii ay ka socotay Dover ilaa Hindiya. Inta badan rakaabka iyo shaqaalaha ayaa dhintay, laakiin qaar yar ayaa ku guulaystay inay u tagaan jasiiradaha halkaas oo ay ku noolaayeen cidlo muddo toddobo bilood ah ilaa mid ka mid ah tiradooda, oo ahaa nijaar, uu u suurtagashay inuu u sameeyo doon. Dadkii badbaaday waxay ku noolaayeen kalluun, shimbiro iyo ukun ilaa ay awoodeen inay gaaraan dhul. Bird Island waxaa u bixiyay dadkii badbaaday markii ay ka tageen jasiiradda iyagoo wata doontooda.

Bird Island (33°50′26″S 26°17′10″E), Seal Island iyo Stag Island waxay ku yaallaan meel u dhow qiyaastii 40 km (25 mi) bari ka xigta kooxda St Croix ama 53 km (33 mi) bari ka xigta Port Elizabeth iyo 7 km (4.3 mi) oo ka fog dhulka ugu dhow ee Woody Cape – qayb ka mid ah Addo Elephant National Park. Bird Island waxay leedahay munaarad, oo la dhisay 1898 ka dib taxane maraakiib ku degtay meel u dhow jasiiradda. Doddington Rock, West rock iyo East Reef waxay ku yaallaan koonfur-galbeed ee kooxda jasiiradaha.

Iyadoo 19 hectares (47 acres), Bird Island waa tan ugu weyn jasiiradaha Algoa Bay – sida uu sheegay BirdLife. Waa mid siman oo kor u kacaysa 9 m (30 ft). Seal Island waa 0.6 hectares (1.5 acres) cabbir ahaan waxayna ku taal 360 m (1,180 ft) waqooyiga Bird Island. Stag Island ayaa xitaa ka yar 0.1 hectares (0.25 acres) waana 320 m (1,050 ft) waqooyi-galbeed ee Bird Island. "Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah kooxda jasiiradda waxaa daboolaya korriin yar oo dhir isku dhafan oo ay ku badan yihiin geedaha Mesembryanthemum (fig marigold/icicle plants). Tetragonia (duneweed) iyo Chenopodium (goosefoot) waxay sameeyaan duurka deegaanka kuwaas oo bixiya dabool shimbiraha badda qaarkood," ayay tiri warqadda xaqiiqda.^{[xigasho u-baahan]}

Deegaanka

Shimbiraha iyo duurjoogta

Warqadda xaqiiqda ee BirdLife waxay ku dartay in 14 nooc oo shimbiraha badda ah, dhowr nooc oo shimbiraha xeebta ah iyo 33 nooc oo shimbiraha dhulka ah laga diiwaangeliyay jasiiradaha. Siddeed nooc oo shimbiraha badda ah ayaa la ogaa inay ku tarmaan jasiiradaha 2007. “Kuwani waa jasiiradaha kaliya ee ka baxsan koonfurta qaaradda Afrika halkaas oo Sterna dougallii (Roseate Tern) ay si joogto ah ugu tarmaan.”

Jasiiradaha ayaa sidoo kale hoy u ah 43% dadka adduunka ee African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), kuwaas oo intooda badan ku jira St Croix. St Croix sidoo kale waxay haysataa dad aad u tarma oo deegaanka ah oo Cape cormorant (Phalacrocorax capensis).

Bird Island waa mid ka mid ah lixda goobood ee taranka adduunka ee Cape gannet (Morus capensis). “Larus dominicanus (the Kelp Gull) iyo Haematopus moquini (the African Oystercatcher) waxaa laga helaa dhammaan Algoa Bay complex. Kooxda jasiiradda ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa inay haysato tiro badan oo Sterna vittata (Antarctic Tern), kuwaas oo jiilaalka ku seexda jasiiradda kumanaan (si joogto ah u haysta inta u dhaxaysa 10% iyo 20% dadka lagu qiyaasay ee Afrotropical aan tarmin)." Jasiiraddu waxay sidoo kale hoy u tahay Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus).

Noocyada kale ee badda ee jooga waa humpback whales, southern right whales, Bryde's whales, bottlenose dolphins, common dolphins, humpback dolphins, African penguins, African black oystercatchers, Cape gannets, Cape fur seals, Cape cormorants, white-breasted cormorants, noocyada kala duwan ee shark-ga iyo shimbiraha pelagic ee kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan terns, skuas, petrels, shearwaters iyo albatrosses.

Arrimaha ilaalinta

Kooxda St. Croix iyo 300 m (980 ft) aagga badda ee ku wareegsan jasiirad kasta waxay noqdeen kaydka badda ee jasiiradda Koonfur Afrika 1981 waxaana loo maamulay qayb ka mid ah Woody Cape Nature Reserve. Ilaa markaas, jasiiraduhu waxay ku dhaceen gacanta qaybta Guano Islands ee Division of Sea Fisheries. Adeegga Ilaalinta Dabiiciga ah ee Eastern Cape, oo markii dambe noqday Directorate of Nature Conservation ee Gobolka Eastern Cape, ayaa maamulayay jasiiradaha ka dib Abriil 1992 sida uu qabo BirdLife.^{[xigasho u-baahan]} Kaydka Woody Cape waxaa markii dambe lagu daray Addo National Elephant Park, kaas oo ku faanaya inuu yahay hoyga Afrika “big seven” – maroodiga, libaaxa, shabeelka, wiyisha, maroodiga iyo whale iyo great white shark kuwaas oo ku nool gacanka.

Ilaaliyeyaasha deegaanka ayaa ka digtoon horumarinta Ngqura taas oo waqti ka dib, marka lagu daro dekadda biyaha qoto dheer ay ku jiri doonto xarun warshadeed oo culus. Dadka la saadaalinayo in lagu soo dhaweeyo waxaa ka mid ah aluminium smelter iyo oil refinery. Waxay u arkaan horumarka inuu keenayo, sida uu qabo BirdLife:^{[xigasho u-baahan]}

khatar weyn oo ku wajahan shimbiraha badda ee kooxda St. Croix. Horumarku wuxuu keeni doonaa wasakhayn iyo dhaqdhaqaaq maraakiib oo kordha, taas oo saamayn doonta dhammaan seabirds-ka tarma si xun.

NGO-ga ayaa xusay in dadka African penguin ee gacanka ay si joogto ah u kordhayeen intii lagu jiray qarnigii la soo dhaafay. “Waxaa jira kaliya dhawr gumeysi oo koraya adduunka, waxaana loo malaynayaa in shimbirahani laga yaabo inay halkan u soo guurayaan gumeysiyaal hoos u dhac ku yimid Western Cape ama meelo ka fog. Waxyaabo gaar ah ayaa loo yaqaan inay saameeyaan shimbiraha badda inta ay socdaan. Tartanka kalluumaysiga ganacsiga, gaar ahaan purse-seining ee kalluunka dusha sare sida anchovy (Engraulis capensis) iyo pilchard (Sardinops sagax), ayaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay mid ka mid ah arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee keena hoos u dhaca tirada shimbiraha badda." Ururku wuxuu ku taliyay in kaydka badda ee leh radius ah 25 km la abuuro agagaarka jasiiradaha taranka ee muhiimka ah, iyo in kalluumaysiga ganacsiga la mamnuuco ama la xaddido aaggan.

Warqadda xaqiiqda ayaa sii wadata: Khatar aan la saadaalin karin, oo ay adagtahay in la xakameeyo, waa wasakhayn joogto ah oo ku timaada crude oil ama wasakh kale oo ku daata badda marka maraakiibta shidaalka ay jabaan, dhaqaan haamahooda, ku tuuraan xamuulkooda ama bam gareeyaan bilge. African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) waa mid aad ugu nugul dhacdooyinkan, iyo hal masiibo oo saliid ah ayaa awood u leh inay si daran u saamaynayso dadka. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in goobaha taranka ee Algoa Bay, oo ku yaal xadka bari ee noocyada, ay yihiin kuwa ugu halista badan maadaama ay ugu dhow yihiin maraakiibta waaweyn ee saliidda qaada.^{[xigasho u-baahan]}

Xiriirinta dibadda

• Warbaahinta la xiriirta Algoa Bay ee Wikimedia Commons
• Algoa Bay Nature Reserve