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Harada Bunyonyi

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Harada Bunyonyi
MeeshaKoonfur-galbeed Uganda
Meesha dhacdo1°17′S 29°55′E / 1.283°S 29.917°E / -1.283; 29.917
Noocabiyo macaan
Wadanka biyo fadhiisigaUganda
Max. length25 km (16 mi)
Max. width7 km (4.3 mi)
Baaxada biyaha46 km2 (18 sq mi)[1]
Qotoda39 m (128 ft)[1]
Ugu godan40 m (130 ft)[2][3][4][5] (mararka qaar waxaa lagu sheegaa inay aad uga qotodheer tahay, eeg qoraalka)
Shore length1186 km (116 mi)[1]
Surface elevation1,962 m (6,437 ft)
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.
Webiyada iyo harooyinka koonfur-galbeed Uganda. Bunyonyi waa harada ugu weyn harooyinka ku yaal caarada fog ee koonfur-galbeed Uganda, oo si toos ah uga soo horjeedda (khariidaddan) Harada Burera ee Rwanda oo cabir ahaan la mid ah.

Harada Bunyonyi ("Goobtii shimbiraha yaryar ee badan") waxay ku taal koonfur-galbeed Uganda inta u dhaxaysa Kisoro iyo Kabale,[6] meel u dhow xadka Rwanda. Haradu waxay u dhexaysay sannadihii 2004 ilaa 2009 lacagta Shilinka Uganda ee warqadda Template:Shilingi iyadoo ku qoran magaca "Harada Bunyonyi iyo qotomaheeda".[7] "Suugaanta" sayniska badankeedu waxay xustaa qoto-dheereynta ugu badan oo ah 40 m (130 ft),[2][3][4][5] laakiin hagayaasha dalxiiska iyo dadka deegaanka qaarkood waxay ku adkaystaan inay aad uga qotodheer tahay, qiyaastii 900 m (3,000 ft), taas oo ka dhigi lahayd harada labaad ee ugu qotoda dheer Afrika.[8][9][10]

Magaalooyinka ku yaal xeebteeda waxaa ka mid ah Kyevu iyo Muko, halka 29-keeda jasiiradood ay ka mid yihiin Jasiiradda Ciqaabta (Punishment Island) iyo Jasiiradda Bushara.

Juqraafiga

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Maalinta suuqyada ee agagaarka harada Bunyonyi

Harada Bunyonyi waa jidh biyo ah oo ku yaal Degmada Kabale qiyaastiina 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) dhanka galbeed ka xigta magaalada Kabale.[11] Waa tan ugu weyn uguna sarreysa saddexda haro ee yaryar (kuwa kale waa Harada Mutanda iyo Harada Mulehe) ee ku yaal dhulka sare ee Kigezi kuwaas oo qayb ka ah dooxada Niilka.[2]

Haradu waxay samaysantay qiyaastii 18,000 oo sano ka hor ka dib markii qarax foolkaano uu xannibay dooxada buuraleyda Rukiga oo u dhow tuulada maanta ee Muko oo ku taal caarada waqooyi-galbeed ee harada.[12] Meesha ay haradu hadda ka dhiqi weydo waa il biyo oo yar oo iyaduna ku taal Muko oo ku qulqusha dhiiqada Ruvuma (tani waxay iyaduna ku qulqushaa webiga Ruhezaminda ee ku dhammaada Harada Mutanda). Haradu waxay dhererkeedu yahay qiyaastii 22 km halka ballaceeda meesha ugu ballaaran uu yahay 6 km, waxayna ku taal dherer dhab ah oo ah 1973 m.[2] Waxaa ku hareereysan buuro gaaraya dherer dhab ah oo ah 600 m ka sarreeya harada.[12][13]

Jasiiradaha ugu muhiimsan

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Akampene (Jasiiradda Ciqaabta)

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Jasiiradda Ciqaabta ee ku taal Harada Bunyonyi

Bakiga waxay ahaan jireen kuwo gabdhaha uurka qaada iyagoon la guursan uga taga jasiiraddan yar - si ay ugu dhimato gaajo ama inta ay isku deyeyso inay u dabaalato dhanka dhulka weyn (xirfadaha dabaasha waxay ahaayeen kuwo naadir ah).[14] Tani waxay ahayd si looga cabsiiyo inta kale, si loo tuso inaanay samayn wax la mid ah. Nin aan haysan lo' uu ku bixiyo yaradkii guurka ayaa aadi kara jasiiradda si uu u kaxaysto gabadha.[14] Dhaqankan waa laga tagay qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 20-aad.[14]

Xero ku taal xeebta Harada Bunyonyi

Bwama iyo Njuyeera (Jasiiradda Sharp)

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Sannadkii 1921, adeegayaal diimeed oo Ingiriis ah oo la oron jiray Leonard Sharp ayaa yimid qaybtan Uganda, sannadkii 1931-na wuxuu xarun daawaynta jadafka (leprosy) ka aasaasay jasiiraddii markaas marnayd ee Bwama.[15] Kaniisad, deegaannadii bukaanada (tuulooyin tusaale ah), iyo xarun caafimaad ayaa la dhisay, halka Sharp uu degay Jasiiradda Njuyeera (malaha la dhaho "guri yar oo cad" ka dib markii gurigiisa cad ee yar uu u dhowaaday gurigii aabihii ee ku yaallay Shanklin, hadda ah The White House Hotel). Sababta gumeysiga jadafka waxay ahayd "kala gooni yeelid ikhtiyaari ah", halka bixinta bulsho faraxsan oo lagu noolaado ay soo jiidanayso dadka la dhibaataysan jadafka, sidaasna looga saarayo bulshooyinka halkas oo ay laga yaabo inay dad kale qaadsiiyaan.[16]

Deegaanka

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Marka laga reebo shimbiraha biyaha, noocyo yar oo xayawaanka biyaha ah ayaa si dabiici ah ugu dhex jira haradan dhulka sare ee go'doonsan. Biyoheedu waa kuwo aad u lakabaysan iyadoo xadka ogsajiinta uu ku yaal qoto-dheer qiyaastii 7 m (23 ft).[2]

Xayawaanka dhabarta leh ee u dhashay deegaanka waxaa ka mid ah De Witte's clawed frog, Lake Victoria clawed frog (nooca "bunyoniensis"), African clawless otter iyo spotted-necked otter, laakiin rahimka hore oo kaliya ayaa weli ku badan harada.[2] Afar nooc oo gaar u ah harada oo ah aargoosatada Caridina ayaa laga helaa harada;[17] waxaa jira tilmaamo muujinaya inay sidoo ama ka dhici karaan Harada Mutanda.[2] Markii hore, ma jirin wax kalluun ah ama carsaanyada webiga ah harada dhexdeeda, laakiin silkooraha Clarias liocephalus, tallabiyada (Nile tilapia), Singida tilapia, haplochromine cichlids oo asal ahaan ka yimid Harada Fiktooriya iyo aargoosatada cas ee dhiiqada ayaa la keenay.[2]

Dhirta biyaha ayaa meelaha qaar ku badan waxaana ka mid ah noocyada sida bambada, swamp sawgrass (nooca hoose ee jamaicense) iyo ubaxa buluugga ah.[2]

File:Pied kingfisher (Ceryle robots) - Lake Bunyonyi 11.jpg
Pied kingfisher (Ceryle robots) - Harada Bunyonyi

Dalxiiska

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Harada Bunyonyi waxay caan ku tahay buuraheeda cagaaran ee qotoma ee ay ku dhex nool yihiin in ka badan 200 oo nooc oo shimbiraha ah. Goobtu waxay isku dhex daraysaa farshaxanka shimbiraha biyaha iyo qaar ka mid ah shimbiraha guura. Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa mid ku habboon dadka jecel shimbiraha. Quusidda dhiiqada Nyombi waxay muujineysaa noocyo kala duwan oo shimbiraha ah. Marka laga reebo daawashada shimbiraha, goobtu waxay sidoo kale soo bandhigaysaa fursado kale. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah ciyaaraha sida dabaasha iyo sidoo kale dhexmarista doonta iyo raacidda. Deegaanka waxaa sidoo kale lagu gartaa lugeyn kala duwan iyo socodka dabeecadda, kuwaas oo dhamaantood bixiya wax ka badan dabeecadda iyo raaxada. Dareen dhaqameed dhaqameed ayaa sidoo kale laga dareemayaa inta lagu guda jiro socodka bulshada, maadaama qofku uu istaagi karo Matxafka Dhaqanka ee Bakiga Archived 2022-12-08 at the Wayback Machine iyo sidoo kale goobaha tumaalada. Wixii tacabur dhaqameed oo kale ah, qofku wuxuu booqan karaa tuulada Bufuka si uu u arko khibradaha Batwa iyo Bakiga.

Tixraacyo

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  1. 1 2 3 UNEMA 2009, p. 94.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Green, J. (2009). "Nilotic Lakes of the Western Rift". In H.J. Dumont (ed.). The Nile. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. pp. 263–286. ISBN 978-1-4020-9725-6.
  3. 1 2 Denny, Patrick (1972). "The significance of a pygnocline in tropical lakes". The African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries. 2 (2): 85–89.
  4. 1 2 Tibihika, P.D.M.; W. Okello; A. Barekye; D. Mbabazi; J. Omony; V. Kiggundu (2016). "Status of Kigezi minor Lakes: A limnological survey in the Lakes of Kisoro, Kabale and Rukungiri Districts". International Journal of Water Resources. 8 (5): 60–73.
  5. 1 2 Visser 1962, p. 81.
  6. ↑ Denny, Patrick (April 1973). "Lakes of south-western Uganda: II. Vegetation studies on Lake Bunyonyi". Freshwater Biology. 3 (2): 123–135. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1973.tb00067.x. ISSN 0046-5070.
  7. ↑ "5.000 Shillings banknote of Uganda". banknote.ws (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2019-09-13.
  8. ↑ "Lake Bunyonyi Islands Guide, Where To Stay, Getting There, Activities Attractions". Lake Bunyonyi (in Ingiriis Maraykan). Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  9. ↑ "LAKE BUNYONYI UGANDA". Lake Bunyonyi Uganda (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  10. ↑ "Africa's second deepest lake, Bunyonyi decreases by two metres". Daily Monitor (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  11. ↑ Maclean, Ilya. (2003). Social and economic use of wetland resources : a case study from Lake Bunyonyi, Uganda. Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment. OCLC 1064481271.
  12. 1 2 Denny, Patrick (1972). "Lakes of south-western Uganda: I. Physical and chemical studies on Lake Bunyonyi". Freshwater Biology. 2 (2): 143–158. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1972.tb00367.x. ISSN 0046-5070. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  13. ↑ Denny, Patrick (1971). "The Kigezi Lakes, Uganda". In Luther, H.; Rzóska, J. (eds.). Project Aqua, I.B.P. Handbook No. 21. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. pp. 180–181.
  14. 1 2 3 "Uganda's Punishment Island: 'I was left to die on an island for getting pregnant'". BBC. 24 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  15. ↑ Not a gap year but a lifetime. Katherine Makower. 2008. Apologia Publications, Eastbourne, UK.
  16. ↑ Island of miracles. Leonard Sharp. 2nd Ed. Battley Brothers Limited, Queensgate Press, Clapham Park, SW4
  17. ↑ Richard, J.; P.F. Clark (2005). "Caridina nilotica (P. Roux, 1833) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) from East Africa, with descriptions of four new species". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 118 (4): 706–730. doi:10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[706:CNPRCD]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85970173.

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