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Harada Chala

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Harada Chala
Harada Challa
MeeshaWaxay ku taallaa xadka u dhexeeya Tansaaniya iyo Kenya ee bariga Afrika
Meesha dhacdo3°19′S 37°42′E / 3.317°S 37.700°E / -3.317; 37.700
NoocaHarada foolkaano
Ka soo qulqulaDhulka hoostiisa
DhexmaraDhulka hoostiisa
Baaxada1.38 to 1.43 square kilometres (0.53 to 0.55 sq mi)[1]
Wadanka biyo fadhiisigaRombo, Tansaaniya
Kenya
Baaxada biyaha4.2 square kilometres (1.6 sq mi)[1][2]:215
4.5 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi)[3]
Ugu godan98 metres (322 ft)[3]
Surface elevation880 metres (2,890 ft)[2]:215[3]

Harada Chala, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Harada Challa, waa harada foolkaano[4] oo ku taalla xadka u dhexeeya Kenya iyo Tansaaniya. Haradu waxay samaysantay qiyaastii 250,000 oo sano ka hor.[5] Haradu waxay ku taallaa bariga Mount Kilimanjaro, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) woqooyi ka xigta Taveta, Kenya, iyo 55 kilometres (34 mi) bari ka xigta Degmada Rombo. Harada waxaa ku wareegsan foolkaano qoto dheer oo leh dherer dhan 170 metres (560 ft).[3]

Celceliska roobka sanadlaha ah ee Harada Chala waa qiyaastii 565 millimetres (22.2 in).[2]:215 Dusha sare ee haradu waxay leedahay uumi-bax sanadle ah oo ku dhow 1,735 millimetres (68.3 in).[2] Qiyaastii 80 boqolkiiba biyaha soo gala harada waxay ka yimaadaan biyo-dhulka hoostiisa, kuwaas oo badankood ka yimaada roobabka ka da'a kaymaha buuraleyda ah ee Mount Kilimanjaro oo jooggoodu yahay 1,800 to 2,800 metres (5,900 to 9,200 ft).[1] Waxay qaadataa qiyaastii saddex bilood in biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ay gaaraan harada.[2]:221 Biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ayaa ku qulqulayay harada iyadoo lagu qiyaasay mugga sanadlaha ah ee 8,390,000 cubic metres (296,000,000 cu ft) intii u dhaxaysay 1964 ilaa 1977.[6]

Deegaanka

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Sawir hawada sare laga qaaday ee Harada Chala

Kalluunka kaliya ee haradan u dhashay waa Lake Chala tilapia (Oreochromis hunteri), kaas oo aan meel kale oo adduunka ah laga helin.[7][8] Waxaa loo arkaa inuu yahay halis aad u daran sida uu sheegay IUCN,[9] haddana waxaa aad uga badan noocyo kale oo tilapia ah oo la keenay Harada Chala.[10][11]

Gabar 18 jir ah oo u dhalatay dalka Ingiriiska ayaa lagu dilay sanadkii 2002 Nile crocodile yar markii ay habeenkii dabaalanaysay harada.[12][13] Maalmo ka dib, Ciidanka Booliska Kenya ayaa sheegay in haradu ay ka buuxaan yaxaasyo, halka Kenya Wildlife Service ay sheegeen, "Yaxaasyo ayaa laga helaa Harada Chala mana loo arko mid ammaan ah in lagu dabaasho gabi ahaanba."[xigasho u-baahan]

Sidoo kale eeg

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Tixraac

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. 1 2 3 L. K. Buckles; D. Verschuren; J. W. H. Weijers; C. Cocquyt; M. Blaauw; J. S. S. Damste (2016). "Interannual and (multi-)decadal variability in the sedimentary BIT index of Lake Challa, East Africa, over the past 2200 years: assessment of the precipitation proxy" (PDF). Climate of the Past. 12 (5): 1244. doi:10.5194/cp-12-1243-2016. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 J. Moemaut; D. Verschuren; F. Charlet; I. Kristen; M. Fagot; M. De Batist (13 January 2010). "The seismic-stratigraphic record of lake-level fluctuations in Lake Challa: Hydrological stability and change in equatorial East Africa over the last 140 kyr" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 290 (1–2): 214–223. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.023. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Christian Wolff; Iris Kristen-Jenny; Georg Schettler; Birgit Plessen; Hanno Meyer; Peter Dulski; Rudolf Naumann; Achim Brauer; Dirk Verschuren; Gerald H. Haug (2014). "Modern seasonality in Lake Challa (Kenya/Tanzania) and its sedimentary documentation in recent lake sediments" (PDF). Limnology and Oceanography. 59 (5): 1621. doi:10.4319/lo.2014.59.5.1621.
  4. ↑ "Tanzania » Places Of Interest » Lake Chala". go2africa.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
  5. ↑ Jorunn Dieleman; Moritz Muschick; Wanja Dorothy Nyingi; Dirk Verschuren (4 April 2018). "Species integrity and origin of Oreochromis hunteri (Pisces: Cichlidae), endemic to crater Lake Chala (Tanzania-Kenya)" (PDF). Hydrobiologia. Advances in Cichlid Research III. 832: 12. doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3570-7. S2CID 4591524. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  6. ↑ B. R. Payne (1982). "Radioisotopes for the Estimation of the Water Balance of Lakes and Reservoirs" (PDF). Tracer Methods in Isotope Hydrology. International Atomic Energy Agency: 161. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  7. ↑ "Oreochromis hunteri". fishbase.org. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  8. ↑ Dieleman, J.; M. Muschick; W.D. Nyingi; D. Verschuren (2019). "Species integrity and origin of Oreochromis hunteri (Pisces: Cichlidae), endemic to crater Lake Chala (Kenya–Tanzania)". Hydrobiologia. 832 (1): 269–282. doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3570-7. S2CID 4591524.
  9. ↑ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Oreochromis hunteri". International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  10. ↑ Moser, F.N.; J.C. van Rijssel; B. Ngatunga; S. Mwaiko; O. Seehausen (2019). "The origin and future of an endangered crater lake endemic; phylogeography and ecology of Oreochromis hunteri and its invasive relatives" (PDF). Hydrobiologia. 832 (1): 283–296. doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3780-z. S2CID 52944759.
  11. ↑ Volkman, John K.; Smittenberg, Rienk H. (2017), "Lipid Biomarkers as Organic Geochemical Proxies for the Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Estuarine Environments", Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies, Springer Netherlands, pp. 173–212, doi:10.1007/978-94-024-0990-1_8, ISBN 978-94-024-0988-8
  12. ↑ Adrian Blomfield (14 March 2002). "British girl 'killed by rare dwarf crocodile'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  13. ↑ James Astill (12 March 2002). "Girl's body found in crocodile lake". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
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