Harada Magadi
| Harada Magadi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Meesha | Dooxada Riftiga ee Kenya |
| Meesha dhacdo | 1°55′S 36°16′E / 1.917°S 36.267°E |
| Wadanka biyo fadhiisiga | Kenya |
| Baaxada biyaha | 100 km2 (39 sq mi) |
Harada Magadi waa harada ugu xigta koonfurta dhexdeeda Dooxada Riftiga ee Kenya.
Faahfaahin
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Harada Magadi waa harada ugu xigta koonfurta dhexdeeda Dooxada Riftiga ee Kenya, waxayna ku taal meel weel dhagaxaan foolkano ah oo dilaacay ah, dhanka waqooyi ee Harada Natron ee Tanzania.[1] Xilliga qallalan, 80% waxaa daboola soodhada.
Harada Magadi waa haro cusbo leh, oo alkali ah, baaxaddeeduna waxay qiyaastii tahay 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi).[2] Waxay ku taal weel xiran oo ay dhistay gohad dhuleed. Haradu waxay tusaale u tahay bannaanka cusbada leh. Biyaha harada, oo ah biyo-cusbo sodium carbonate ah oo cufan, waxay keenaan tiro aad u badan oo ah macdanta trona (sodium sesquicarbonate). Meelaha qaar, cusbadu waxay gaartaa dhumuc ilaa 40 metres (130 ft) ah. Harada waxaa inta badan dib u quudiya ilo biyo kulul oo cusbo leh (heerkulku wuxuu gaaraa ilaa 86 °C) kuwaas oo ku shubma "haro-gacmeedyo" alkali ah oo ku yaal hareeraha harada, iyagoo reeba yar biyo kor ka qulqula ee gobolkan. Inta badan ilaha biyaha kulul waxay ku yaallaan hareeraha waqooyi-galbeed iyo koonfureed ee xeebaha harada. Xilliga roobka, lakab dhuuban (ka yar 1 metre (3 ft 3 in)) oo biyo-cusbo ah ayaa daboola inta badan bannaanka cusbada leh, laakiin si degdeg ah ayuu u uumi-baxaa, isagoo reeba dhul ballaran oo cusbo cad ah oo dilaaca si uu u soo saaro qaabab joomatari oo waaweyn.
Taariikhda
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Harada Magadi mar walba ma ahayn mid sidan u cusbo leh. Dhowr kun oo sano ka hor (xilligii dambe ee Pleistocene ilaa badhtamihii Holocene ee xilligii qoyanaa ee Afrika), weelka Magadi wuxuu lahaa haro biyo macaan oo ay ku jireen noocyo badan oo kalluun ah, kuwaas oo haraagooda lagu kaydiyay High Magadi Beds, oo ah taxane ah dhoobada harada iyo jidbaha foolkanaha ee ku kaydsan meelo kala duwan oo hareeraha xeebta hadda ah. Caddaymo ayaa sidoo kale jira oo ku saabsan dhowr harooyin oo ka sii horreeyay oo Pleistocene ah kuwaas oo aad uga weynaa Harada Magadi ee hadda. Mararka qaar, Harada Magadi iyo Harada Natron waxay ahaayeen kuwo midoobay si ay u sameeyaan haro keliya oo weyn.
Kaydadka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Harada Magadi waxaa lagu yaqaannaa kaydadkeeda ah dhagaxa chert-ka silika ah.[3] Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ay ku jiraan chert-ka lakabyada leh ee ka samaysmay harada dhexdeeda iyo jidbaha kale ee d dhex galay dhoobada sare intii silikadu ay jilicsanayd. Kan ugu caansan waa "chert-ka nooca Magadi", kaas oo ka samaysmay macdanta sodium silicate ee ka horreysay ee magadiite oo laga helay harada sannadkii 1967.
Magadiite, oo ah macdan naadir ah oo hydrous sodium-silicate ah [NaSi7O13(OH)3·4(H2O)], waxaa laga helay qiyaastii 50 sano ka horTemplate:When dhoobada ku xeeran Harada Magadi, oo ah haro aad u cusbo leh isla markaana alkali ah oo ay quudiyaan ilo biyo kulul oo ku taal koonfurta Dooxada Riftiga ee Kenya ee semi-engegan.
Duurjoogta deegaanka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Deegaanka harada ee adag wuxuu ka reebaa inta badan noolaha. Waxyaabaha ka reeban waa noolaha yar-yar ee extremophiles-ka ah, dhowr invertebrate ah (inta badan cayayaan), iyo shimbiraha lugaha dheer, oo ay ku jiraan flamingo-ga. Nooc keliya oo kalluun ah, oo ah cichlid-ka Alcolapia grahami, ayaa ku nool biyaha kulul ee aadka u alkaliha ah ee weelka harada. Waxaa lagu arki karaa qaar ka mid ah barkadaha ilaha biyaha kulul ee ku xeeran xeebta, halkaas oo heerkulka biyuhu uu ka yar yahay 45 °C.
Godod laga helay dhagaxaanta High Magadi Beds (~25–9 ka) oo ka horreeyay bannaanka cusbada hadda (trona) waxay muujinayaan in lamidleyda iyo invertebrates kale ay deggenayeen deegaankan adag marka xaaladuhu ay ahaayeen kuwo aad u habboon.
Haraaga lafaha fosilka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Godod (heer cm ah) oo ku kaydsan magadiite-ka ku dhex jira High Magadi Beds waxaa ka buuxa dhoobo, dhoobo jilicsan iyo ciid ka tulleemay dhoobada sare. Xaaladdooda stratigraphic waxay muujinaysaa wareegyo kor u cidhiidhymaya oo ka ambaqaada dhoobada ilaa dhoobada lakabka leh ee magadiite-ka ilaa magadiite-ka ee unugyada heer dm ah. Gododku waxay samaysmeen markii salka haradu uu noqday mid ka biyo macaan oo ogsajiin leh, ka dib muddo uu magadiite-ku ku dhashay biyo joog hoose leh oo cusbo leh. Gododka, oo ay u badan tahay inay sameeyeen lamidleydu, waxay muujinayaan in raadadka fosilku ay bixin karaan caddayn ku saabsan isbeddellada muddada gaaban (ee u dhaxeeya sannado ilaa tobannaan sano) ee deegaanka xilligaas kuwaas oo aan haddii kale la aqoonsan laheen ama aan loo kaydin laheen qaab jid ahaan ama kiimiko ahaan ah ee diiwaanka dhoobada.[4]
Isticmaalka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Magaalada Magadi waxay ku taal xeebta bari ee harada, waana hoyga Magadi Soda Company, oo ay leedahay Tata India tan iyo bishii Diisambar 2005. Warshaddani waxay soo saartaa soodhada, oo leh isticmaalo warshadeed oo kala duwan.
Harada waxaa lagu soo bandhigay filimkii Fernando Meirelles ee The Constant Gardener, kaas oo ku salaysan buugga isla magacaas leh ee uu qoray John le Carré, waxaana loo isticmaalay beddelka Harada Turkana ee waqooyiga Kenya, halkaas oo buugga iyo filimkaba ay salka ku hayaan.
Jidka dhex mara harada wuxuu bixiyaa marin laga galo aagga galbeed ee harada (Nguruman Escarpment). Sannadaha dhow deegaanka dalxiisayaasha waxaa lagu diyaariyay teendhooyin dhar ah oo leh qaboojiyayaal.
Tixraacyo
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- ↑ Scoon, Roger N. (2018), "Lakes of the Gregory Rift Valley: Baringo, Bogoria, Nakuru, Elmenteita, Magadi, Manyara and Eyasi", in Scoon, Roger N. (ed.), Geology of National Parks of Central/Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania: Geotourism of the Gregory Rift Valley, Active Volcanism and Regional Plateaus (in Ingiriisi), Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 167–180, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73785-0_15, ISBN 978-3-319-73785-0, retrieved 2026-06-10
- ↑ Renaut, Robin W.; Owen, Richard Bernhart (2023), "Lake Magadi and Nasikie Engida", in Renaut, Robin W.; Owen, Richard Bernhart (eds.), The Kenya Rift Lakes: Modern and Ancient: Limnology and Limnogeology of Tropical Lakes in a Continental Rift (in Ingiriisi), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 463–526, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25055-2_12, ISBN 978-3-642-25055-2, retrieved 2026-06-10
- ↑ Behr, H.-J.; Röhricht, C. (2000-09-01). "Record of seismotectonic events in siliceous cyanobacterial sediments (Magadi cherts), Lake Magadi, Kenya". International Journal of Earth Sciences (in Ingiriisi). 89 (2): 268–283. doi:10.1007/s005319900070. ISSN 1437-3262.
- ↑ Buatois, Luis A.; Renaut, Robin W.; Owen, Richard Bernhart; Behrensmeyer, Anna K.; Scott, Jennifer J. (2020-04-22). "Animal bioturbation preserved in Pleistocene magadiite at Lake Magadi, Kenya Rift Valley, and its implications for the depositional environment of bedded magadiite". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 6794. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63505-7. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7176717. PMID 32321943.
Akhris dheeraad ah
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- Baccini, P. (2013). Lakes: Chemistry, Geology, Physics. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4757-1152-3.
- Behr, H.J. 2002. Magadiite and Magadi chert: a critical analysis of the silica sediments in the Lake Magadi Basin, Kenya. SEPM Special Publication 73, p. 257–273.
- Eugster, H.P. 1970. Chemistry and origin of the brines from Lake Magadi, Kenya. Mineralogical Society of America Special Paper, No. 3, p. 215–235.
- Eugster, H.P. 1980. Lake Magadi, Kenya, and its Pleistocene precursors. In Nissenbaum, A. (Editor) Hypersaline brines and evaporitic environments. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 195–232.
- Jones, B.F., Eugster, H.P., and Rettig, S.L. 1977. Hydrochemistry of the Lake Magadi basin, Kenya. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 41, p. 53–72.
Xiriirinta dibadda
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
- Geology of the Magadi Area, Kenya from the Geological Society of America
- Lake Magadi from Britannica
- Lake Magadi, Kenya from Saltworks Consultants Pty Ltd.