Harada Manzala
| Harada Manzala | |
|---|---|
 Marinka Niilka | |
| Meesha dhacdo | 31°16′N 32°12′E / 31.267°N 32.200°E |
| Nooca | Biyo-dhanaan |
| Wadanka biyo fadhiisiga | Masar |
Harada Manzala (Af Carabi: بحيرة المنزلة baḥīrat manzala), sidoo kale loo yaqaan Manzaleh, waa haro biyo-dhanaan ah, mararka qaarkoodna loogu yeero haro-gacmeed, waxayna ku taal waqooyi-bari Masar ee Marinka Niilka meel u dhow Port Said iyo dhowr mayl u jirta burburka qadiimiga ah ee Tanis.[1][2] Waa harada ugu weyn harooyinka waqooyi ee marinka Masar.[3] Sannadkii 2008 baaxaddeedu waxay ahayd 47 km (29 mi) dherer ahaan iyo 30 km (19 mi) ballac ahaan.[3]
Magaca weynta
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Magaca harada wuxuu ka soo jeedaa Af Carabi: نزل, romanized: nazala, lit. 'soo deg, istaag, daggas'. Aamihii Dhexe waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanay pi-Manjōili (Coptic: ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲛϫⲱⲓⲗⲓ, lit. 'guri, hooy'), taasi oo loo turjumay Giriigga sidii Xenedokhou (Ancient Greek: Ξενεδόχου), taas oo ka dhigaysa magaca Carabiga ee casriga ah mid laga turjumay kii Coptic-ga, iyadoo isu-ekaanshaha dhawaaqu uu yahay mid iska dhacay oo qura.[4]
Juqraafiga
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Harada Manzala waa mid dheer laakiin aad u gacna. Inkasta oo moolka asalka ah ee Harada Manzala uu yahay oo qura afar to shan feet (1.2 to 1.5 m), waxaan wax ka beddel lagu sameeyay moolka intii lagu jiray dhismihii Kanaalka Suez si loo oggolaado in Kanaalku uu dherer ahaan u fidsan karo 29 miles (47 km) dhanka harada ah. Salka harada waa dhoobo jilicsan.[5] Ka hor dhismihii Kanaalka Suez, Harada Manzala waxaa laga gooyay Badda Cad xariijin ciid ah oo ballaceedu yahay 200 to 300 yards (180 to 270 m).
Port Said waxaa la aasasay meel ku dhow Harada Manzala intii lagu jiray qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad si loo taageero dhismaha kanaalka iyo socdaalka la xiriira. Goobta harada oo ku taal si toos ah koonfurta Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Port Said waxay xaddidaysaa awoodda magaalada ee dhanka ballaarashada.[6]
Kanaalka Suez
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Harada Manzala waa harada ugu waqooyisey saddexda haro ee dabiiciga ah oo uu dhexmaro Kanaalka Suez, labada kale waa Harada Timsah iyo Harada Weyn ee Qadhaadh. Dhismaha kanaalka wuxuu ka billowday waqooyi ilaa koonfur, isagoo markii ugu horreysay gaaray Manzala. Sababtoo ah harada oo aad u gacna, waxay lagama maarmaan noqotay in la qodo kanaal hareeraysan oo ay maraakiibtu mari karaan.
Deegaanka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Harada Manzala waxay u adeegi jirtay il muhiim ah oo laga helo kalluun jaban oo ay quutaan dadka ku nool Masar, laakiin wasakhda iyo biyo-bixinta harada ayaa hoos u dhigay wax-soo-saarkii harada. Sannadkii 1985, goobta kalluumeysiga harada waxay ahayd aag furan oo gaaraya 89,000 ha (220,000 acres) waxayna shaqaalaysiisay qiyaastii 17,000 oo shaqaale ah.[1] Xukuumadda Masar waxay biyo-bixin ku sameeyay qaybo badan oo harada ah si ay isku daydo inay kaydkeeda qaniga ah ee Niilka ugu beddesho dhul beereed. Mashruucu wuxuu noqday mid aan faa'iido lahayn: dalagyadu si fiican uguma bixin carada cusbada leh, qiimaha wax-soo-saarka ka dhashayna wuxuu ka yaraaday qiimihii suuqyada ee kalluunka uu dhulka la soo celiyay markii hore soo saari jiray. Markay ahayd 2001, Harada Manzala waxay weysay qiyaastii 80 boqolkiiba baaxaddeedii hore sababo la xiriira saamaynta dadaallada biyo-bixinta.[7]
Qoraallo
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
- 1 2 Dinar, p.51
- ↑ Margaret S. Drower (1995). Flinders Petrie: a life in archaeology (Second ed.). ASCE Publications. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-299-14624-5. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- 1 2 Zahran, p.283
- ↑ Peust, Carsten. "Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten" (PDF). p. 60.
- ↑ Rogers, J. R. and G. Owen (2004). Water Resources and Environmental History. ASCE Publications. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-7844-0738-7. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ↑ Melady, J. (2006). Pearson's prize: Canada and the Suez Crisis. Toronto, Lancaster, New York: Dundurn Press Ltd. p. 207. ISBN 978-1-55002-611-5. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- ↑ Ibrahim, p.145
Tixraacyo
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- Dinar, Ariel (1995). Restoring and protecting the world's lakes and reservoirs. World Bank Publications. ISBN 0-8213-3321-6.
- Ibrahim, Barbara (2003). Egypt: an economic geography. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1-86064-548-8.
- Penn, James R. (2001). Rivers of the world. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-042-5.
- Zahran, M.A. (2008). The Vegetation of Egypt. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-8755-4.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
