Harada Naivasha
| Harada Naivasha | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Meesha dhacdo | 0°46′6.70″S 36°21′2.32″E / 0.7685278°S 36.3506444°E |
| Wadanka biyo fadhiisiga | Kenya |
| Baaxada biyaha | 139 km2 (54 sq mi) |
| Qotoda | 6 m (20 ft) |
| Ugu godan | 30 m (98 ft) |
| Surface elevation | 1,884 m (6,181 ft) |
| La magacaabay | 10 April 1995 |
| Tixraac no. | 724[1] |
Harada Naivasha waa haro biyo macaan oo ku taal Kenya, oo ka baxsan magaalada Naivasha ee Degmada Nakuru, waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta Nairobi ee Great Rift Valley. Magacu wuxuu ka soo jeedaa magaca Maasai ee ɛnaɨpɔ́sha, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay "waxa kacaya," waa erey caadi ah oo Maasai ah oo loogu talagalay goobaha biyaha oo waaweyn oo leh hirar marka ay dabayshu dhacayso ama duufaantu jirto. Naivasha waxay ka timid isku daygii Ingiriiska ee ahaa inuu ku dhawaaqo magaca Maasai. Erey ahaan, Harada Naivasha macnaheedu waa "Haro Haro."
Goobta
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta].jpg)
Harada Naivasha waa haro biyo macaan oo ku taal dooxada Rift ee Kenya. Waxay ku taal isku-dar adag oo ah dhagax foolkaaneed iyo dhigaal fadhiisasho oo ka yimid haro ka weynayd Pleistocene. Marka laga reebo durdurrada ku-meel-gaadhka ah, harada waxaa quudiya webiyada Malewa iyo Gilgil. Ma jiro meel laga baxo oo la yaqaan, laakiin maadaama biyaha haradu ay yihiin kuwo biyo macaan ah waxaa loo qaadanayaa inay leedahay meel biyo-mareen dhulka hoostiisa ah.[2]
Haradu waxay lahayd baaxad dusha sare ah oo dhan 139 square kilometres (54 sq mi)[3] ka hor 2010, waxayna u korodhay 198 square kilometres (76 sq mi) marka la gaaro 2020.[4] Waxaa ku wareegsan dhul qoyan oo dhan 64 square kilometres (25 sq mi), kaas oo kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran roobabka. Joog dhan 1,884 metres (6,181 ft),[3] haradu waxay leedahay qoto dheer oo celcelis ahaan ah 6 metres (20 ft), iyadoo meesha ugu qoto dheer ay tahay Crescent Island, oo leh qoto dheer oo ugu badan oo dhan 30 metres (98 ft).[3] Njorowa Gorge mar ayay samaysay meesha harada laga baxo, laakiin hadda waxay ka sarreysaa harada waxayna samaysaa irdaha laga galo Hell's Gate National Park. Magaalada Naivasha (oo hore loo odhan jiray East Nakuru) waxay ku taal cidhifka waqooyi-bari ee harada.
Deegaanka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta].jpg)
Haradu waxay hoy u tahay noocyo kala duwan oo duurjoog ah oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan 400 oo nooc oo shimbiro kala duwan ah iyo dad aad u tiro badan oo hibooyin ah. Bulshada kalluunka ee harada ayaa aad isu bedbeddelay waqti ka dib, taas oo ay saameeyeen isbeddellada cimilada, dadaalka kalluumeysiga iyo soo bandhigidda noocyada duullaanka ah. Isbeddelkii ugu dambeeyay ee dadka kalluunka ayaa raacay soo bandhigidda shilka ah ee common carp sanadkii 2001.[5] Sagaal sano ka dib, sanadkii 2010, common carp wuxuu ka dhignaa in ka badan 90% tirada kalluunka lagu qabtay harada.[6]
Waxaa jira laba haro oo yaryar oo u dhow Harada Naivasha: Harada Oloiden iyo Harada Sonachi (haro haro cratar ah oo cagaar ah). Crater Lake Game Sanctuary ayaa u dhow, halka xeebta harada ay caan ku tahay dadka Yurub ee soo galootiga iyo degayaasha.
Taariikh
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Intii u dhaxaysay 1937 iyo 1950, harada waxaa loo isticmaali jiray meel ay ku dagaan maraakiibta duulaya ee Imperial Airways rakaabka iyo jidka boostada ee ka yimid Southampton ee Britain ilaa South Africa. Waxay isku xidhay Kisumu iyo Nairobi. Joy Adamson, qoraaga Born Free, wuxuu ku noolaa xeebaha harada bartamihii 1960-meeyadii. Xeebaha harada waxaa ku yaal Oserian ("Djinn Palace"), oo sumcad xumo ku heshay maalmihii Happy Valley intii u dhaxaysay labada dagaal adduun. Sannadkii 1999, Lake Naivasha Riparian Association waxay heshay Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award dadaalkooda ilaalinta ee la xidhiidha goobta Ramsar ee Harada Naivasha.
Beeraha iyo warshadaha
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Floriculture waa warshadaha ugu waaweyn ee ku wareegsan harada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka aan nidaamsanayn ee biyaha harada ee waraabka ayaa hoos u dhigaya heerka harada waana mawduuc welwel ku haya Kenya. [7] Kalluumeysiga ee harada waa il shaqo iyo dakhli u ah dadka deegaanka. Haradu way kala duwan tahay heerka waxayna ku dhowaatay inay gebi ahaanba qallajiso 1890-meeyadii. Heerarka harada guud ahaan waxay raacaan qaabka roobabka ee aagga kaydka.
Harada Naivasha, oo mar lagu tilmaamay inay tahay Jawharaddii taajka ee dhammaan harooyinka Bariga Afrika, ayaa tobannaankii sano ee u dambeeyay la kulantay dhibaatooyin bini'aadam oo ba'an, oo aan ahayn oo kaliya aasaasidda warshado waaweyn oo beeraha iyo beeralayda ah oo ku teedsan xeebaheeda, laakiin sidoo kale qulqulka sii kordhaya ee nafaqooyinka ka yimaada siltation-ka, qashinka iyo qashinka kale ee ka imanaya dadka bini'aadamka ah ee ku nool harada oo hadda gaadhaya ku dhawaad hal milyan oo qof.[8]
Sannadkii 1981, warshaddii ugu horreysay ee korontada dhulka hoostiisa ee Harada Naivasha ayaa la bilaabay, marka la gaaro 1985, wadar dhan 45 MW oo koronto ah ayaa laga dhalinayay aagga.[3]
Heerarka biyaha
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta].jpg)
Qiyaastii 10,000 oo sano ka hor, Harada Naivasha, oo ay la socoto Lake Elementaita iyo Harada Nakuru (60 km waqooyi), waxay samaysay hal haro oo qoto dheer oo biyo macaan ah oo ugu dambeyntii qallajisay, taas oo ka tagtay saddexda haro sidii haraa.[9]
Heerarka biyaha ee Rift Valley Lakes ayaa tan iyo markii ay kala duwanaayeen si weyn, iyadoo dhowr ka mid ah harooyinka ay ku dhowaadeen inay qallalaan dhowr jeer.[9]
Heerka biyuhu wuxuu gaadhay qoto dheer oo 0.6 m ah 1945, laakiin heerka biyuhu wuxuu mar kale kor u kacay, iyadoo leh hoos u dhac yar, si uu u gaadho qoto dheer oo ugu badan oo ku dhow 6 m 1968.[3] Waxaa jiray hoos u dhac kale oo weyn oo heerka biyaha ah 1987, markii qoto dheer ay gaadhay 2.25 m kor ku xusan gunta harada.[3] Hoos u dhaca heerka biyaha harada ee 1987 ayaa kordhiyay welwelka ku saabsan mustaqbalka warshadaha geothermal, waxaa la qiyaasay in biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee Harada Naivasha ay quudin karaan kaydka korontada dhulka hoostiisa ee Olkaria.[3] Sidaa darteed, hoos u dhaca biyaha harada wuxuu saameyn lahaa mustaqbalka warshadaha korontada dhulka hoostiisa.
Baaxadda dusha sare ee harada ayaa kordhay in ka badan 50% marka la gaaro 2020[4] taasoo keentay in dad badan laga barakiciyo aagagga dadku aadka u degan yihiin ee ku teedsan harada. Mid ka mid ah saynisyahannadii ugu horreeyay ee ogaaday ballaarinta harada wuxuu ahaa cilmiga dhulka oo bartay, si nasiib ah, horraantii 2013 in haradu "ay u guurtay 2 km iyada oo aan noqonin war".[10]
Harada Naivasha weli waxay taageertaa shirkado badan oo maxalli ah. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga oo u kaxeynaya dalxiisayaasha iyo dadka maxalliga ah agagaarka harada, iyagoo tusaya aagga weyn ee hippo iyo sidoo kale Crescent Island.
Tixraacyo
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- ↑ "Lake Naivasha". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ↑ Harper, David M. (2003). Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Springer. ISBN 1-4020-1236-5.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "THE OUTFLOW OF LAKE NAIVASHA BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION" (sifooyinka), M.K. Arusei, J. K Sanga, M.P Tole, Waaxda Kiimikada, Dugsiga Daraasaadka Deegaanka, Moi University, P.O Box 3900 Eldoret, Kenya, mareegta:UNEP-Moi-Arusei-PDF Archived 2005-06-12 at the Library of Congress Web Archives
- 1 2 Tobiko, Keriako (2021). "Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria" (PDF). Dawladda Kenya iyo UNDP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-04-28. Retrieved 2022-03-16.
- ↑ Becht, R., Odada, E. O., & Higgins, S. (2005). Lake Naivasha: Experience and Lessons Learned Brief. Maareynta harooyinka iyo kaydadka isticmaalka waarta, warbixin loogu talagalay maamulayaasha kaydka harada iyo daneeyayaasha (pp. 277–298). Kusatsu: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC)
- ↑ Warbixinta Kalluumeysiga Sannadlaha ah ee Harada Naivasha, 2010
- ↑ "A thorn on every rose for Kenya's flower industry". United Nations FAO. Archived from the original on 2017-12-16. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ↑ "Megaceryle maxima (Pallas). African Giant Kingfisher. Alcyon géant.", The Birds of Africa, Academic Press Limited, 1988, doi:10.5040/9781472927002.0171, ISBN 978-1-4729-2700-2
- 1 2 "Lake Nakuru | Lake Nakuru | World Lake Database - ILEC". wldb.ilec.or.jp. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ↑ Baraka, Carey (2022-03-17). "A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater". the Guardian (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2025-03-11.