U bood nuxurka

Harada Natron

Ka Wikipedia
Harada Natron (Harada Medusa )
Satellite image of lake.
Harada oo ku taariikhaysan 6 March 2017 (sawirka dayax-gacmeedka)
MeeshaNgorongoro District, Gobolka Arusha, Tanzania,
Kajiado County, Narok County, Kenya
Meesha dhacdo02°25′S 36°00′E / 2.417°S 36.000°E / -2.417; 36.000
Lake typesaline (cusbo leh)
Wadanka biyo fadhiisigaTanzania
Baaxada biyaha850–1,040 km2 (330–400 sq mi)[1][2][3]
Surface elevation600 metres (2,000 ft)[4]
Magac rasmiga ahLake Natron Basin
La magacaabay4 July 2001
Tixraac no.1080[5]
Kala badhka koonfureed ee Harada Natron (sare). Fault scarps iyo Gelai Volcano sidoo kale waa la arki karaa. "Doonyo" badan oo qolof-cusbo ah oo u dhow caddaan ayaa daxalaystay qaybaha ugu gabaabsiga ah ee harada (inset).

Harada Natron waa haro cusbo leh oo aad u alkaline ah oo ku taal woqooyiga Ngorongoro District ee Gobolka Arusha ee Tanzania iyadoo cidhifkeeda fog ee woqooyi uu u gudbo Kajiado County iyo Narok County ee Kenya. Waxay ku taal Gregory Rift, oo ah laanta bari ee Rift-ka Bariga Afrika.[4] Haradu waxay ku dhex jirtaa Lake Natron Basin, oo ah dhul qoyan oo Heshiiska Ramsar ah oo muhiimad caalami ah leh.[5]

Sharaxaad

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Haradan waxaa inta badan ku shubma Webiga Southern Ewaso Ng'iro, oo ka soo bilaabma badhtamaha Kenya, iyo ilo biyo kulul oo qani ku ah macdanta.[4] Waa mid aad u gabaabsi ah, moolkeedu wuxuu ka yar yahay saddex metres (9.8 ft), ballaceeduna wuxuu u isbedbelaa hadba heerka biyaheeda. Haradu dhererkeeda ugu sarreeya waa 57 kilometres (35 mi) ballaceeduna waa 22 kilometres (14 mi).[4] Deegaanka ku xeeran wuxuu helaa roob xilliyeed aan joogto ahayn, inta badanna u dhaxeeya Diseembar iyo May oo wadartoodu tahay 800 millimetres (31 in) sannadkii.[4] Heerkulka harada wuxuu inta badan ka sarreeyaa 40 °C (104 °F).[4]

Heerka sare ee uumi-baxa wuxuu ka tagey natron (sodium carbonate decahydrate) iyo trona (sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate). Alkalinity-ga harada wuxuu gaari karaa pH ka sarreeya 12. Sida laga soo xigtay Live Science, alkalinity-ga sare ee harada waxaa sababa sodium carbonate iyo macdano kale oo biyo dhex mara oo ka yimaada deegaanka ku xeeran. Dhagaxa hoose ee ku xeeran wuxuu ka kooban yahay lofaha trachyte ee alkaline-ka ah ee ay ku badan tahay sodium-ta oo la dhigay xilligii Pleistocene. Lofahan waxay leeyihiin xaddi badan oo kaarboonayt ah laakiin waxay leeyihiin xaddi hoose oo calcium iyo magnesium ah, taas oo u oggolaatay harada inay isu beddesho biyo-cusbo oo alkaline ah oo guba. Xaaladahan kiimiko ee ba'an waxay abuuraan deegaan adag oo ay ku noolaan karaan oo keliya noolaha ku takhasusay.[6]

Astaamaha kiimiko ee biyaha ayaa la ogaaday inay shubaan oo dhagaxaan ka dhigaan haraaga jirka ee wax kasta oo nool oo dhex dhiman harada.[7]

Dhirta

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Midabka haradu waa mid caado u ah meelaha ay ka dhacaan heerarka uumi-baxa ee aadka u sarreeya. Marka biyuhu uumi-baxaan xilliga abaarta, heerka cusbadu wuxuu kor u kacaa ilaa meel ay noolaha yaryar ee cusbada jecel ay bilaabaan inay ku barwaaqoobaan. Noolahaas halophile-ka ah waxaa ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah cyanobacteria kuwaas oo samaysta cuntadooda iyagoo isticmaalaya photosynthesis sids dhirtu ay samayso. Midabka cas ee caawiyaha u ah photosynthesis-ka ee ku jira cyanobacteria wuxuu soo saaraa casaan mool ah oo ku yaal biyaha furan ee harada iyo midabada liimiga ah ee qaybaha gabaabsiga ah ee harada. Qolofka alkali-ga cusbada ah ee dusha harada ayaa sidoo kale inta badan u midabaysan casaan ama casaan-khafiif ah sababtoo ah noolaha halophilic-ka ah ee halkaas ku nool. Dhoobada cusbada leh iyo dhulalka qoyan ee biyaha macaan ee hareeraha harada waxay taageeraan dhir kala duwan.

Duur-joogta

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Inta badan xayawaanku waxay u arkaan heerkulka sare ee harada (ilaa 60 °C [140 °F]) iyo xaddiga cusbada ee sarreeya ee isbedbeddela mid aan lagu noolaan karin.[8] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Harada Natron waxay hoy u tahay qaar ka mid ah ajbalka algae, invertebrates (xayawaanka aan laf-dhabarta lahayn), iyo shimbiraha. Biyaha cusbadoodu yarayso ee hareeraha, qaar ka mid ah kalluunka ayaa sidoo kale ku noolaan kara.

Haradu waa goobta qudhah ee xilliyada caadiga ah ay ku taran karaan Bariga Afrika shimbiraha 2.5 milyan ee lesser flamingoes ah, kuwaas oo xaaladdooda "ku dhow khatarta" ay ka dhalatay ku tiirsanaantooda goobtan keliya. Marka cusbadu kor u kacdo, waxaa sidoo kale kordha cyanobacteria, haraduna waxay sidoo kale taageeri kartaa buulal badan. Flamingo-yaashan, oo ah rhaankooda weyn ee keliya ee Bariga Afrika, waxay isugu yimaadaan harooyinka cusbada leh ee dhow si ay u quutaan Spirulina (algae buluug-cagaar ah oo leh midabyo casaan ah). Harada Natron waa goob taran oo ammaan ah sababtoo ah deegaankeeda guba waxyaabaha wuxuu caqabad ku yahay ugaadhsadayaasha isku daya inay gaaraan buulashooda ku yaal jasiiradaha evaporite ee samaysma xilliyada qaarkood. Greater flamingoes-ka ayaa iyaguna ku tarma dhulka dhoobada ah.

Haradu waxay dhiirigelisay filimka documentary-ga dabeecadda ah ee The Crimson Wing: Mystery of the Flamingos ee ay sameysay Disneynature, sababtoo ah xiriirka dhow ee ay la leedahay Lesser flamingoes oo ah goobta qudhah ee ay xilliyada caadiga ah ku tarmaan.

Laba nooc oo kalluun ah oo deegaanka u gaar ah, oo ah alkaline tilapias Alcolapia latilabris iyo A. ndalalani, ayaa iyaguna ku barwaaqooba biyaha ku yaal geesaha meelaha ay ka soo galaan ilaha kulul. A. alcalica iyaduna waxay ku jirtaa harada, laakiin deegaanka ku mool ma aha oo keliya.

Khataraha iyo dhowrista

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Aagga ku xeeran harada cusbada leh ma ahan mid dadku deggen yihiin laakiin waxaa jira xoogaa xoolo dhaqasho ah iyo beerasho xilliyeed ah. Khataraha ku wajahan dheelitirka cusbada ee ka dhasha kordhinta qulqulka dhoobada ayaa ka imaan doona jaridda dhirta badan ee la saadaaliyay ee ka dhici doonta meelaha biyaha Natron iyo warshadda korontada oo laga qorsheeyay Ewaso Ng'iro oo ku taal xadka dhanka Kenya. In kasta oo qorshayaasha horumarineed ay ku jiraan dhisidda dharbaaxo dhanka woqooyi ee harada si loo xaddido biyaha macaan, khatarta ah in lagu milmo goobtan taranka ayaa weli noqon karta mid halis ah. Ma jiro difaac rasmi ah.

Khatar cusub oo ku wajahan Harada Natron waa soo jeedinta horumarinta warshadda soda ash ee ku taal xeebteeda. Warshaddu waxay biyaha ka soo bammi doontaa harada waxayna ka soo saari doontaa sodium carbonate si loogu beddelo budada dharka lagu dhaqo si loo dhoofiyo. Waxaa wehelin doona warshadda guryo loogu talagalay in ka badan 1000 shaqaale ah, iyo saldhig koronto oo dhuxusha ku shaqeeya si uu u bixiyo tamarta adsummary-ga warshadda. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira suurtogal nimo ah in horumariyayaashu ay keenaan hybrid brine shrimp si loo kordhiyo waxtarka soo saarista.

Sida uu sheegay Chris Magin, oo ah sarkaalka caalamiga ah ee Afrika ee RSPB, "Fursadda ay lesser flamingoes ku sii wadi karaan taranka marka ay wajahayaan qas caynkaas ah waa mid ku dhow eber. Horumarkani wuxuu ka tagi doonaa lesser flamingoes-ka Bariga Afrika iyagoo wajahaya dabar-goynta". Toddobaetan iyo shan boqolkiiba lesser flamingoes-ka adduunka waxay ku dhashaan Harada Natron.[9] Hadda koox ka kooban wax ka badan konton hay'adood oo dhowrista iyo deegaanka Bariga Afrika ah ayaa wada olole caalami ah si loo joojiyo dhismaha la qorsheeyay ee warshadda soda ash oo ay rabeen shirkadda Tata Chemicals Ltd ee Mumbai, India, iyo National Development Corporation ee Tanzania. Kooxda hoos shaqaynaysa magaca dalladda Lake Natron Consultative Group waxaa isku dubariday Ken Mwathe, Maareeyaha Barnaamijka Dhowrista ee Xoghaynta Afrika ee BirdLife International.

Sida lagu sheegay xiriir la sameeyay Juun 2008, Tata Chemicals ma sii wadi doonto Mashruuca Natron, dib u eegista dambena ee mashruucan waxay ku xirnaan doontaa qorshaha Ramsar Wetlands, kaas oo hadda diyaarinta lagu jiro.[10]

Sababtoo ah kala duwanaanshaheeda dabiiciga ah ee gaarka ah, Tanzania waxay u magacawday Lake Natron Basin Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance 4 July 2001. Haradu sidoo kale waa gobolka dabiiciga ah ee halophytics-ka Bariga Afrika ee World Wildlife Fund.

Booqashada aagga

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Waxaa jira dhowr goobood oo teendhooyinka laga dhisto oo u dhow harada, taas oo sidoo kale aasaas u ah fuulidda Ol Doinyo Lengai. Harada Natron waxay leedahay awoodo soo jiidasho dalxiis oo muhiim u ah horumarinta ecotourism (dalxiiska deegaanka). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qorshe maamul oo guud oo la'aan ah, maalgelin aan ku filnayn heerka hawlgalka, habab la'aan lagu sugo qayb cadaalad ah oo ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ecotourism-ka, iyo tas-hiilaadka kaabayaasha dalxiiska oo si liidata u horumaray si ay u taageeraan qaybaha kala duwan ee dalxiisayaasha ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin caqabadaha ugu waaweyn ee la xiriira maamulka ecotourism-ka ee aagga. Harada waxaa sidoo kale laga geli karaa Shompole Conservancy Kenya.[11]

Sidoo kale eeg

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Tixraacyo

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. ↑ "Lake That Turns Animals to Stone? Not Quite : DNews". DNews. Archived from the original on 2016-03-09. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
  2. ↑ "Lake Natron". Beach Safari.
  3. ↑ "Key Biodiversity Areas". www.keybiodiversityareas.org.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Eastern Africa: Northern Tanzania, on the border with Kenya". World Wildlife Fund.
  5. 1 2 "Lake Natron Basin". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  6. ↑ News, Marc Lallanilla published in (2013-10-02). "Lake That Turns Animals to Stone? Not Quite". Live Science (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2026-05-07. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  7. ↑ Joseph Stromberg (2 October 2013). "This Alkaline African Lake Turns Animals into Stone". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  8. ↑ Swancer, Brent (20 April 2015). "The Bizarre Medusa Lake of Africa". Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  9. ↑ Billock, Jennifer (14 June 2016). "The Deadly Lake Where 75 Percent of the World's Lesser Flamingoes Are Born". Smithsonian. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  10. ↑ "Position Statement on the Lake Natron Project" (PDF). Tata Chemicals. 13 June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  11. ↑ Shoo, Rehema Abeli (2020), "Ecotourism Potential and Challenges at Lake Natron Ramsar Site, Tanzania", Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, Geotechnologies and the Environment, vol. 22, Springer International Publishing, pp. 75–90, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43302-4_6, ISBN 978-3-030-43301-7

Xiriirinta dibadda

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Waxaa laga keenay "https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harada_Natron&oldid=300521"