Harooyinka cusbada ee Tuniisiya
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Harooyinka milixda ee Tunisia waa taxane harooyin ah oo ku yaal badhtamaha Tunisia, kuwaas oo u yaal koonfurta Buuraha Atlas ee cidhifka woqooyi ee Saxaraha. Harooyinka waxaa ka mid ah, laga bilaabo bari ilaa galbeed, Chott el Fedjedj, Chott el Djerid, iyo Chott el Gharsa.
Juqraafi
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Harooyinkani milixda leh waxay u fidsan yihiin iyadoo ay jiraan laba nasasho oo gaaban oo kaliya oo xariiq ah laga bilaabo Mediterranean-ka ee Gacanka Gabès ilaa xadka Algeria, kuwaas oo ay galaan masaafo aad u fog. Ereyga Faransiiska ee "chott" waa tarjumad ereyga Carabiga ee shat, oo ah erey loo isticmaalo kanaal ballaaran, af-webi ama haro. Shat-yadan si kastaba ha ahaatee, si adag marka loo hadlo, ma aha harooyin haba yaraatee wakhtigan la joogo. Waxay yihiin meelo siman oo hooseeya (xagga kan ugu weyn, Shat el Jerid, oo jiifa dhawr fiit oo ka hooseeya heerka Mediterranean-ka), kuwaas oo in ka badan badh ka mid ah sanadka ah meelo dhoobo qallalan ah oo lagu daboolay qolof qaro weyn oo milix cad ama cawlan ah. Daboolkan milixda ah wuxuu ka dhigaa masaafo ahaan inay u ekaadaan xaashiyo waaweyn oo biyo ah.[1]
Inta lagu jiro jiilaalka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka saamaynta roobabka jiilaalka ee naadirka ah la dareemo, waxaa dhab ahaan laga yaabaa inay jiraan 3 ama 4 fiit oo biyo ah shat-yadan, kuwaas oo dhoobada dareeriya ka dhigaya kuwo aan la mari karin. Haddii kale, ilaa toddoba bilood oo sannadkii ah waxaa lagu gudbi karaa lug ama faras. Waxay u muuqataa inay suurtogal tahay in wakhti mar ah shat-yadan (ugu yaraan Shat el Jerid) ay ahaayeen marin ka mid ah Mediterranean-ka, kaas oo kor u kaca xariijin yar oo dhul ah oo ku taal Gacanka Gabès laga jaray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa gobolkii hore ee dhaqdhaqaaqa fulkaanaha, iyo niyadjabkan milixda ah waxaa laga yaabaa inay sabab u tahay arrintaas. Aadanaha ayaa laga yaabaa inuu yahay wakiilka ugu weyn wakhtigan la joogo ee sababa in shat-yadan ay biyo la'aan noqdaan. Hareeraha harooyinkan milixda leh oo dhan waxaa jira ilo badan, oo ka soo burqanaya buuraha ciidda ah. Ku dhawaad dhammaan ilahan waxay ku jiraan heerkul aad u kulul, inta badan barta karkarinta. Qaar ka mid ah waxay ku dallacan yihiin milix, kuwa kalena waa kuwo gebi ahaanba cusub oo macaan, inkasta oo ay karkarayaan kulul. Muggoodu waa mid aad u badan oo dhowr meelood waxay sameeyaan webiyo dhab ah oo weligood qulqulaya. Kaliya faragelinta aadanaha darteed ayaa webiyadan ay mar walba ku geli lahaayeen niyadjabka ku dhow, kuwaas oo ay u ilaalin lahaayeen sidii harooyin biyo ah. Laakiin muddo dheer oo la soo dhaafay durdurrada biyaha macaan (oo u badan) ayaa loo isticmaalay waraabka ilaa heer aad u yar oo biyo qaali ah loo oggolaado inay ku daataan baasinnada harada; si ay kuwa dambe u helaan oo kaliya dhowr durdurro milix ah, kuwaas oo dushiisa ku shuba milixda ay ku jiraan ka dibna uumi baxa. Sahaydan badan ee biyo macaan oo diirran waxay ilaalisaa oases-ka raaxada aan caadiga ahayn ee waddan uu roobku si dhif ah u da'o. Durdurrada joogtada ah ee sharraxaadda la tixraacay waxaa laga helaa inta u dhaxaysa xadka Algeria iyo Gabès ee xeebta. Magaalada Gabès lafteedu waxay ku taal cidhifka oasis qurux badan, kaas oo lagu ilaaliyo biyaha durdur weligood socda oo ku shuba badda Gabès ka dib koorso aan ka badnayn 20 mayl.[1]
Gobolkan oo dhan ee ku wareegsan shat-yadan waxaa loo yaqaan "Jerid" tan iyo wakhtigii qabsashadii Carabta. "Jerid" waxay ka dhigan tahay Carabi ahaan "laanta timirta" iyo si dadban "geed timireed". Caannimada Belad-el-Jerid, ama "Dalka Timirta", ayaa si xad dhaaf ah loo buunbuuniyay intii lagu jiray qarniyadii 17-aad iyo 18-aad oo juqraafiyeyaashii Yurub ay u kordhiyeen magacaabista aaggan yar ee koonfurta Tunisia si ay u daboosho inta badan gudaha Afrika. Dalkan Jerid waxaa lagu dari karaa jasiiradda Jerba, oo u dhow xeebta Tunisia ee Gacanka Gabès. Geedka timirta (Phoenix dactylifera) waxa laga yaabaa inuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedo degmadan Jerid, sida uu u yahay dalalka sharraxaadda la midka ah ee koonfurta Morocco, koonfurta Algeria, qaybo ka mid ah Tripolitania, Egypt, Mesopotamia, koonfurta Persia iyo woqooyi-galbeed India; laakiin in woqooyiga loolka Jerid timirtu kama bixin dabiici ahaan Mauretania, sida ay u ahayd ajnabi dhammaan qaybaha Yurub, taas oo, sida dhabta ah ee Waqooyiga Afrika, joogitaankeeda waxaa sabab u ah gacanta aadanaha. Ilaa xad waxaa la dhihi karaa Waqooyiga Afrika ee dhabta ah waxay ku taal woqooyiga dalka Jerid, kaas oo, marka lagu daro cilaaqaadkiisa Saxaraha, Carabta iyo Beershiya, wuxuu leeyahay taabasho ku saabsan Afrika dhabta ah, taabasho noocaas ah oo laga yaabo in lagu arko dooxada Jordan. Oases-ka Jerid waxaa laga helaa dhowr nooc oo naasleyda k tropical ah ee Afrika iyo laba ama saddex ka mid ah shimbiraha Senegalese, iyo dhirtu waxay u muuqataa inay leedahay xidhiidh badan oo la leh Afrika k tropical sida Yurub. Xaqiiqdi, dalka u dhexeeya buuraleyda Matmata iyo marin-biyoodka kala saara Jerba iyo dhul-weynaha waa si gaar ah Afrika oo ku saabsan dabeecadda iyo muuqaalka dhirta. Koonfurta Jerid dalku waa inta badan saxare — waddooyin waaweyn oo aan la baadhin oo ciid isbeddelaysa, oo leh oases naadir ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhammaan degmadan koonfureed ee Tunisia waxay haysaa caddayn ah inay mar ahaan jirtay roobab culus, taas oo ka soo saartay dooxooyin qoto dheer miiska-dhulka asalka ah, waxayna caddaysay jiritaanka hadda ee marin-biyoodyo waaweyn — marin-biyoodyo weli ah, meel u dhow asal ahaan, waxaa lagu raaxaystaa biyo yar.[1]
Xariijinta ciidda ee cidhiidhiga ah ee kala saarta Chott el Fejej iyo Badda Mediterranean-ka ayaa soo jiidatay dareenka juqraafiyeyaasha, injineerada iyo diblomaasiyiinta kala duwan. Tirooyinkan waxay u eegaan inay abuuraan "Badda Saxaraha" oo gudaha ah iyagoo marinaya biyaha Mediterranean-ka ilaa baasinnada Saxaraha oo ka hooseeya heerka badda. Soo jeedin la xusay oo arrintan ku saabsan ayaa waxaa soo bandhigay dabayaaqadii 1800-meeyadii juqraafiyihii Faransiiska François Élie Roudaire iyo abuuraha Suez Canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps, laakiin way istaagtay ka dib markii dowladda Faransiisku ay la noqotay maalgelinta.[2][3][4] Soo jeedinno kale, oo loo sameeyay qayb ka mid ah Operation Plowshare,[5] waxay qiyaaseen in qaraxyada nukliyeerka loo isticmaali karo in lagu qodo kanaalka la soo jeediyay ee Mediterranean-ka ilaa Chott el Fejej iyo baasinnada kale ee Saxaraha ka hooseeya heerka badda; soo jeedimahan sidoo kale waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan miro dhalin.[6]
Sidoo kale eeg
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Tixraac
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- 1 2 3 Mid ama in ka badan jumladihii ka horreeyay waxaa ku jira qoraal laga soo qaatay daabacaad hadda ku jirta public domain: Johnston, Harry (1911). "Tunisia". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th) 27. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Plummer, Harry Chapin (1913). "A Sea in the Sahara". National Waterways: A Magazine of Transportation. 1 (2). National Rivers and Harbors Congress: 131–138. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
- ↑ Spinage, Clive Alfred (2012). African Ecology: Benchmarks and Historical Perspectives. Springer Geography (Illustrated ed.). New York: Springer. ISBN 3642228712. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
- ↑ McKay, Donald Vernon (1943). "Colonialism in the French geographical movement 1871-1881". Geographical Review. 33 (2). American Geographical Society: 214–232. doi:10.2307/209775. JSTOR 209775.
- ↑ Jousiffe, Ann (2010). Tunisia. Globetrotter: Guide and Map Series (4th ed.). London: New Holland Publishers. ISBN 1845378644. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
