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Eratareya

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Ka Wikipedia
(Waxaa laga soo toosiyay Ilitareeya)
State of Eritrea
  • ሃገረ ኤርትራ (Af-Tigrinya)
  • Hagere Ertra
  • دولة إرتريا (Af-Carabi)
  • Dawlaṫ Iriṫriyá
Calanka Eritrea
Calanka
Emblem ee Eritrea
Emblem
Heesta qaranka: Ertra, Ertra, Ertra
Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea
Location of Eratareya (dark blue)– in Africa (light blue & dark grey)– in the African Union (light blue)
Location of Eratareya (dark blue)

– in Africa (light blue & dark grey)
– in the African Union (light blue)

Goobta uu ku yaalo Eritrea
CaasimaddaAsmara
15°20′N 38°55′E / 15.333°N 38.917°E / 15.333; 38.917
Luuqadaha rasmiga ahNone[1] (see working languages)
Luuqadaha qaranka ee la aqoonsan yahay
Working languages
Qaybaha qowmiyadaha
(2012[5])
 DadkaEritrean
DawladdaUnitary one-party presidential republic
• President
Isaias Afwerki
Sharci-dejintaNational Assembly
Formation
• Dʿmt
c. 980 BC
c. 100 AD
1137
1890
15 September 1952
• De facto State of Eritrea
24 May 1991
• De jure State of Eritrea
24 May 1993
Bedka
• Wadarta
117,600 km2 (45,400 sq mi) (99th)
• Biyo (%)
0.14%
Dadka
• Qiyaastii 2021
3,620,312[6][7] (116th)
• Cufnaanta
51.8/km2 (134.2/sq mi) (154th)
Wax soo saar (PPP)Qiyaastii 2018 
• Wadarta
$10.176 billion[8]
• Qofkiiba
$1,466[8]
Wax soo saar (magac ahaan)Qiyaastii 2018 
• Wadarta
$6.856 billion[8]
• Qofkiiba
$988[8]
Kobaca (2015)Increase 0.420[9]
hooseeya (179th)
LacagtaNakfa (ERN)
SaacaddaUTC+3 (EAT)
• Xagaaga (DST)
UTC+3 (not observed)
Koodhka wicitaanka+291
Koodhka ISO 3166ER
Furaha Internetka.er

Eritrea /-ˈtreɪ-/; ama , si rasmi ah loo yaqaan Jamhuuriyadda Eritrea (Af Tigrinya : ሃገረ ኤርትራ), waa dal ku yaalla Geesta Afrika ee Bariga Afrika. Caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Asmara. Waxay xuduud la leedahay Itoobiya dhanka koonfureed, Suudaan dhanka galbeed, iyo Jabuuti dhanka koonfur-bari, halka dhanka woqooyi-bari iyo bariga ay leedahay xeeb dheer oo ku fidsan Badda Cas. Wadanku wuxuu leeyahay dhul dhan qiyaastii 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), waxaana ku jira Dahlak Archipelago iyo qaar ka mid ah Jasiiradaha Hanish.[10][11]

Dhulka Eritrea waxaa laga helay raadad qadiimi ah oo gaaraya hal milyan sano, taas oo muujinaysa muhiimaddiisa taariikheed ee ku saabsan bilowga aadanaha. Qarnigii 1aad ama 2aad AD waxaa la aasaasay Boqortooyadii Aksum, taas oo daboolaysay dhulka maanta ah Eritrea iyo qayb ka mid ah waqooyiga Itoobiya, isla markaana qaadatay Masiixiyadda qarnigii 4aad.[12][13] Qarniyadii xigay, dhulalka Eritrea waxay mararka qaar hoos tagnayeen xukunka boqortooyooyinka Zagwe iyo Salomonid ee Itoobiya. Qarnigii 16aad, Cismaaniyiinta ayaa qabsaday xeebaha, ka dibna 1865 waxaa maamulay Khedivate of Egypt ilaa ay la wareegeen Talyaaniga 1885. Talyaanigu wuxuu si rasmi ah u sameeyay gumaysigii Eritrea Talyaaniyeed intii u dhaxaysay 1885–1890, taas oo dejisay xuduudaha casriga ah ee dalka. Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Eritrea waxay gashay gacanta Maamulka Militariga Ingiriiska, waxaana 1952 lagu daray Itoobiya iyadoo leh federaal gaar ah. Hase yeeshee, 1962 Itoobiya waxay si rasmi ah u xannibtey baarlamaanka Eritrea, taas oo dhalisay bilowgii dagaalkii hubeysnaa ee loogu magac daray Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Eritrea, kaas oo socday ilaa 1991 markii Eritrea gaadhay de facto madax-bannaani. Sannadkii 1993, kadib aftidii madax-bannaanida, Eritrea waxay yeelatay madax-bannaani de jure.[14]

Dalka Eritrea waa bulsho kala qoomiyado ah oo leh sagaal qoomiyadood oo la aqoonsan yahay, mid kastaana leh af u gaar ah. Luqadaha ugu badan ee la hadlo waa Tigrinya, Carabi, iyo Ingiriisi, kuwaas oo ah luqadaha shaqada ee rasmiga ah.[4] Qoomiyadda Tigrinya waxay ka kooban tahay qiyaastii 50% dadka, halka Tigre ay yihiin qiyaastii 30%. Waxaa sidoo kale jira qoomiyado kale sida Saho, Kunama, Nara, Afar, Beja, iyo Bilen. Dadka intiisa badan waxay ku hadlaan afaf ka tirsan qoyska Afro-Aasiyaan, gaar ahaan laamaha Af-Semiti Itoobiyaan iyo Afafka Kushitic. Diimaha ugu badan ee dalka laga helo waa Masiixiyadda iyo Islaamka, iyadoo ay jiraan kooxo yaryar oo dhaqanka Afrika ku dhaqma.[15]

Siyaasiyan, Eritrea waxaa lagu tilmaamaa mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu saboolsan caalamka, isla markaana waa jamhuuriyad madaxweyne oo hal xisbi ah. Tan iyo 1993, Isaias Afwerki ayaa ah madaxwaynaha kaliya ee dalka, waxaana dalka lagu tilmaamaa nidaam kaligii-talis ah oo aan marnaba qabannin doorashooyin qaran oo sharci-dejin ama madaxtinimo.[16] Dowladdu waxaa si joogto ah loogu eedeeyaa xadgudubka xuquuqda aadanaha, balse waxay ku tilmaantaa eedeymahaasi kuwo siyaasadaysan.[17]

Eritrea waxay xubin ka tahay Midowga Afrika, Qaramada Midoobay, iyo Ururka Horumarinta Gobollada Geeska Afrika (IGAD). Waxa kale oo ay dal kormeere ka tahay Jaamacadda Carabta.[18]karo.

Xubin

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Waddnmaha degaan Eritera

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[[19]].

Siyaasadda

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Doorashaddii ugu horeysay oo ka dhacday Ereteriya sanadka markuu ahaa 1991kii, shacabka ereteriya waxeey doorteen xornimo 99.8%, ayada markaas dagaalo xun dhaxmaray itoobiya iyo ereteriya, oo halkaas ku dhinteen dad aad u badan. Siyaasadda Ereteriya waa mid ku dhisan hab nabadeed taasoo ah dad jecel midnimada soomaaliya waloow lagu eedeeyey in ay taageeri jirtay kooxihii ka horjeeday joogitaanka Itoobiya kadib markii ay qabsatay Soomaaliya 2006 waxaa la sheegay in ay joogeen ciidamo ereteriya udhashay oo gaaraya 2000 askari taasoo beenoowday markii dambe, si kastaba ha aheetee waxaa iska hor yimid siyaasaddii Itoobiya ee ahayd kala qaybinta Soomaaliya iyo tii ereteya taasoo kentay markii dambe in golaha amaanku uu cunaqabayn saaro dalkaan.

Eratareya waxay ku adkaysanaysaa inay ixtiraamto heerarka caalamiga ah ee xuquuqda aadanaha. Hay'adaha waaweyn ee xuquuqda aadanaha ayaa cambaareeyay ku tumashada xuquuqda aasaasiga ah waxayna sii wadaan inay ku boorriyaan Eratareya inay saxdo xaaladda.[20]


Tixraac

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  1. ↑ People and Languages » Embassy of The State of Eritrea Archived Oktoobar 28, 2018 // Wayback Machine. Eritrean-embassy.se. Retrieved on 5 June 2016.
  2. ↑ Ethnologue: Ethnologue Languages of the World – Eritrea – Status
  3. ↑ Ethnologue: Ethnologue Languages of the World – Eritrea – Status
  4. 1 2 3 4 Shabait Administrator. "ERITREA AT A GLANCE". Eritrea Ministry of Information. Archived from the original on 2012-03-03. Retrieved 2018-08-28. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |ciwaan= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ↑ CIA – Eritrea – Ethnic groups Archived Jannaayo 6, 2019 // Wayback Machine. Cia.gov. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  6. ↑ ""World Population Prospects 2022"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  7. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Eritrea". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  9. ↑ "Human Development Report 2016 – "Human Development for Everyone"" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Eritrea
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Eritrea country profile
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Munro-Hay57
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Paul B. Henze 2005
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Encyclopedia Britannica
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CIA
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hrw
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tesf
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CNN
  19. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220707081051/https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/u/United_Nations.htm. Archived from the original on 2022-07-07. Retrieved 2022-08-22. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |ciwaan= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ↑ Imprisoned for Their Faith
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