Imaaradkii Herer
Imaarada Herer | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1647–1887 | |||||||||
 Imraada Herer ayaa lahaa jiray dhulka ee Fataagar (Itoobiya dhexe) iyo Cadal (Gobolka Awdal). | |||||||||
| Capital | Herer[1] | ||||||||
| Luqadaha caadiga ah | |||||||||
| Diinta | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
| Dowlada | Boqortooyo | ||||||||
| Amiir | |||||||||
• 1647-1671 | `Ali ibn Da`ud | ||||||||
• 1884-1887 | `Abdullahi II | ||||||||
| Taariikh | |||||||||
• Established | 1647 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1887 | ||||||||
| Lacagta | Mahlak | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Maanta ka mid ah | Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya | ||||||||
Imaarada Harar waxa ay ahayd boqortooyo Muslimiin ah oo la aas aasay 1647 markii reer Harari ay diideen imaam 'Cumardin Aadan in uu ka taliyo oo ay ka go'aan imaamkii Awsa si ay u dhistaan dawlad iyaga u gaar ah oo uu hogaamiyo Cali ibnu Daa'uud.
Magaalada Harar Gey waxay u ahayd caasimad keliya. Kahor duulaanka ciidamada Shewan ee Menelik II, Ururka Jamaacada waxay xuseen in Imaaraatka Herer ay ka sameysteen inta u dhaxaysa wabiyaasha Awash iyo Shebelle iyadoo Ogadenya ay ahayd dawlad qaybeed. [2] Asal ahaan si kastaba ha ahaatee Imaaraatka Harar wuxuu ka kooban yahay Soomaaliya maanta, Karanle iyo koonfurta bari ee Itoobiya oo uu ku jiro gobolka Arsi . [3] Qowmiyada Oromada iyo Soomaalida oo tiro badan ayaa ilaa qarnigii 18-aad waxay Imaaraatka siiyeen canshuur, inkastoo ay si tartiib-tartiib ah ula wareegeen dhulalka gobolka Harari. [4] [5] Harar ayaa sidoo kale gacanta ku haysay ganacsiga Shewa .
Saamaynta Harar waxay bilawday inay sii yaraanayso qarnigii 19-aad iyadoo ay suuro gal tahay dhaqaale la'aan iyo macaluul awgeed. [3] [6] Sida dhammaan dawladaha Muslimka ah ee degaankaas, Imaarada Harar waxa ay si farsamaysan u ilaalinaysay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta . Masar waxay la wareegtay Imaaraatka 1875kii. Boqortooyadii Ingriiska waxay jabisay Khedivate waxayna qabsatay dhulkeeda 1882 oo ay Harar ku jirto, balse Ingiriisku wuxuu ogolaaday inuu ka baxo Harar wuxuuna si dhab ah magaalada u wareejiyay awooda Imbaraadooriyadda Xabashida si uu u caawiyo ciidamadii Mahdiga ee Suudaan . Sida ku cad heshiiskii Hewett, Ingiriisku waxa uu ka baxay Harar 1884kii, isaga oo magaaladii uga tagay wiil uu dhalay amiirkii hore ee Harar dhawr boqol oo qori, qaar madfac ah iyo qaar fara ku tiris ah oo uu Ingiriisku tababaray. Imaarada waxaa ugu dambayntii la baabi'in doona oo lagu dari lahaa ciidamadii Negus Sahle Maryam ee Shewa (Mustaqbalka Imbaraadoor Menelik II) 1887 ka dib jabkii imaaraadku ka soo gaadhay Dagaalkii Chelenqo.
(Af Ingiriis: Established = Dhistay, Disestablished = way burburtay)
Amiirrada Harar (Dawuud)
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]| Name | Reign | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Emīr ʿAli ibn Dā'ūd | 1647–1662 | Aasaasihii imaaraatka |
| 2 | Emīr Hāshim ibn ʿAli | 1662–1671 | Ina Emīr ʿAli |
| 3 | Emīr ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAli | 1671–1700 | Ina Emīr ʿAli |
| 4 | Emīr Ṭalḥa ibn ʿAbdullah | 1700–1721 | Ina Emīr ʿAbdullah |
| 5 | Emīr Abūbakar ibn ʿAbdullah | 1721–1732 | Ina Emīr ʿAbdullah |
| 6 | Emīr Khalaf ibn Abūbakar | 1732–1733 | Ina Emīr Abūbakar |
| 7 | Emīr Ḥāmid ibn Abūbakar | 1733–1747 | Ina Emīr Abūbakar |
| 8 | Emīr Yūsuf ibn Abūbakar | 1747–1755 | Ina Emīr Abūbakar |
| 9 | Emīr Aḥmed ibn Abūbakar | 1755–1782 | Ina Emīr Abūbakar |
| 10 | Emīr Maḥamed ibn Yūsuf | 1782–1783 | Ina Emīr Yūsuf |
| 11 | Emīr ʿAbdalshakūr ibn Yūsuf | 1783–1794 | Ina Emīr Yūsuf |
| 12 | Emīr Aḥmed ibn Maḥamed | 1794–1821 | Ina Emīr Maḥamed |
| 13 | Emīr ʿAbdalraḥmān ibn Maḥamed | 1821–1825 | Ina Emīr Maḥamed |
| 14 | Emīr ʿAbdulkarīm ibn Maḥamed | 1825–1834 | Ina Emīr Maḥamed |
| 15 | Emīr Abūbakar ibn ʿAbdalmanān | 1834–1852 | Ina Emīr Maḥamed |
| 16 | Emīr Aḥmed ibn Abūbakar | 1852–1856 | Ina Emīr Abūbakar |
| 17 | Emīr Maḥamed ibn ʿAli ʿAbdalshakūr | 1856–1875 | Wiil uu awow u yahay Emir 'Abdalshakur, oo ay riday Khedivate ee Masar |
| -- | Khedivate of Egypt | 1875–1882 | Egypt ayaa qabsaday Herer in 1875 |
| -- | British Empire | 1882–1884 | Ingriisku waxa uu qabsaday Masar 1882, ka dibna waxa uu qabsaday Harar. Sannadkii 1884kii markii ay heshiis la saxeexdeen Faransiiska ka dib xiisaddii gumaystaha, waxay ka tanaasuli doonaan maamulka Harar.[1] |
| 18 | Emīr ʿAbdullah ibn Maḥamed | 1884–1887 | Ina Emir Mahamed (17), xukunkiisii iyo xornimadii Harar oo muddo kooban dib u cusboonaatay waxaa labadaba soo afjaray duullaankii boqortooyadii Shewa ee Harar 1887-kii, in kasta oo ay markii hore si adag u garaacday. |
Gudoomiyaasha Masar ee Harar
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]| Magaca | boqortooyo | Ogow | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maxamed Rauf Pasha | 1875–1878 | Hogaamiyo qabsashada Masar ee Harar waxaana loo magacaabay gudoomiye |
| 2 | Ridhwaan Pasha | 1878–1880 | Ku-simaha Ra'uf Pasha |
| 3 | Maxamed Nadi Pasha | 1880–1883 | Ku-simaha Ridhwan Pasha |
| 4 | 'Cali Ridha Pasha | 1883–1884 | Ku-simaha Muxamed Nadi Pasha |
Tixraacyo
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- ↑ Mordechai, Abir. Trade and Politics in the Ethiopian Region 1830-1855 (PDF). University of London. p. 246.
- ↑ Ethiopia: land of slavery & brutality (PDF). League of Nations. 1935. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
- 1 2 Ben-Dror, Avishai (2018). Emirate, Egyptian, Ethiopian: Colonial Experiences in Late Nineteenth-Century Harar. Syracuse University Press. p. 100. ISBN 9780815654315.Ben-Dror, Avishai (2018). Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "BenDror-100" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Raymond, André (2008). The City in the Islamic World. BRILL. p. 627. ISBN 978-9004162402.
- ↑ Selassie, Bereket (1980). Conflict and Intervention in the Horn of Africa. Monthly Review Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-85345-534-9.
- ↑ History of Harar (PDF). p. 83.