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Jasiiradda Sherbro

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Sawirka dabiiciga ah ee Landsat ee Jasiiradda Sherbro, Sierra Leone. Dhanka galbeed, waxaa laga arki karaa Jasiiradaha Turtle.
Jasiiradda Sherbro, Sierra Leone
Khariidad
WadanSierra Leone
GobolGobolka Koonfureed
DegmoDegmada Bonthe
Dadka
 (Qiyaastii 2013)
 • Wadarta
28,457
Aagga waqtigaUTC±0 (Greenwich Mean Time)

Jasiiradda Sherbro waxay ku taal Badweynta Atlaantik, waxaana lagu daray Degmada Bonthe, Gobolka Koonfureed, Sierra Leone. Jasiiradda waxaa ka sooca dhulka weyn ee Afrika Webiga Sherbro oo dhanka waqooyi ah iyo Sherbro Strait oo dhanka bari ah. Waxay dhererkeedu yahay 32 miles (51 km) ballacdana ilaa 15 miles (24 km), iyadoo dabooleysa aag qiyaastii 230 square miles (600 km2). Dhanka ugu fog ee galbeed waa Cape St. Ann. Bonthe, oo ku taal dhanka bari, waa dekedda ugu weyn iyo xarunta ganacsiga.

Taariikh ahaan, tani waxay qayb ka ahayd dhulka dadka taariikhiga ah ee Sherbro, kuwaas oo u talin jiray aag ballaaran oo ka mid ah waxa hadda loo yaqaan Sierra Leone. Maanta waxay ku urursan yihiin qaybta koonfureed iyo dhexe ee Degmada Moyamba. Iyaga ayaa ah kooxda qowmiyadda ugu weyn ee jasiiradda, halkaas oo tirada guud ee dadku tahay 28,457. Jasiiraddu waxay leedahay in ka badan 65 miles (105 km) oo xeebo kulaylaha ah. Wasaaradda Dalxiiska iyo Horumarinta ee Sierra Leone ayaa u qoondeysay horumarinta dalxiiska.

Hawlaha dhaqaale

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Beerashada bariiska ee dhul-qoyan, dalxiiska, iyo kalluumeysiga ayaa ah hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqaalaha.[xigasho u-baahan]

Sannadkii 2024 waxaa la sheegay in jilaaga Ingiriiska ah Idris Elba, oo aabbihiis yahay Sierra Leonean Creole, uu aasaasay Sherbro Alliance Partners iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in lagu horumariyo "magaalo-caqli badan" (smart-city) oo awood u leh inay taageerto ilaa hal milyan oo qof jasiiradda Sherbro.[1]

Taariikhda

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Jasiiradda Sherbro waxaa muddo dheer ku noolaa dadka Sherbro, kuwaas oo taariikh ahaan u talin jiray qowmiyadaha kale ee qayb badan oo ka mid ah gobolka dhulka weyn. Dadka jasiiraddu waxay lahaayeen dhaqaale ku salaysan kalluumeysi ballaaran. Waxay sidoo kale doonyo ku ganacsan jireen dadka deriska la ah ee ku nool tuulooyinka xeebta.

Intii lagu jiray duullaankii Mane ee qarnigii 16-aad, Sherbro waxay ahayd xarunta mid ka mid ah boqortooyooyinkooda waaweyn.[2]:227 Boqorkii intii lagu jiray qarnigii 17-aad badhtankiisii hore wuxuu ahaa nin la odhan jiray Sherabola ama Selboele, ka dibna jasiiradda ayaa loo bixiyay.[2]:232

Qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad, sahamiyeyaal iyo ganacsato ka yimid Portugal, Spain, iyo Netherlands ayaa yimid aaggan. Waxay la ganacsan jireen dadka Sherbro iyo qabiilo kale oo ku nool wabiyada ilaa gudaha. Waxay tixraaceen waxa hadda loo yaqaan Webiga Sherbro sida Webiga Madrebombo, taas oo laga yaabo inay ula jeedaan "hooyo durbaan" af-Isbaanish. Warqado Dutch ah oo taariikhdoodu ahayd 1633 ayaa wabiga ku tilmaamay qoraal kala duwan oo ah Maderebombo. Noocyada kale ee qoraalka waxaa ka mid ahaa Madrabomba. (Eeg: Navigantium Atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca)

Qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad, Royal African Company, oo loo aasaasay sidii kali-talisnimo Ingiriiska, waxay bilowday inay halkan iyo Xeebta Guinea ka shaqeeyaan sidii ganacsato. Iyadoo markii hore raadinayay dahab, gaar ahaan Webiga Gambia, qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ee hore RAC waxay ku lug lahaayeen ka ganacsiga addoonta, kaas oo ay ku jirtay kali-talisnimadooda.

RAC waxay samaysay qalcaddii shirkadda oo loo yaqaan York Island ee Jasiiradda Sherbro. Waxay ahayd deked loogu dhoofiyo Afrikaanka la addoonsaday dhanka Ameerika. Thomas Corker, oo ka yimid Falmouth, Cornwall, wuxuu la shaqaynayay RAC in ka badan toban sano markii loo magacaabay wakiil halkan qarnigii toddoba iyo tobnaad dhammaadkiisii. Wuxuu guursaday gabadh uu dhalay madax ka mid ah Sherbro, labadoodii wiilna waxay noqdeen aabbayaasha reer boqor ee ganacsatada iyo madaxda gobolka. Wax yar ka dib markii loo wareejiyay The Gambia, wuxuu ku dhintay safar ganacsi oo uu ku tagay Ingiriiska sanadkii 1700, laakiin farcankiisa Sierra Leone si fiican ayey u shaqeeyeen.[3]

Ka dib markii Great Britain ay baabi'isay ka ganacsiga addoonta Afrikaanka ah ee caalamiga ah 1807, waxay bilowday inay u isticmaasho qalcaddii ganacsiga ee RAC ee hore ee Jasiiradda Sherbro saldhig u ah hawlgallada badda ee ka dhanka ah ganacsatada addoonta ee sharci-darrada ah. Addoomadii la xoreeyay waxaa dib loogu dejiyay gumaystihii Freetown. Maraykanku wuxuu kaloo mamnuucay soo dejinta dadka la addoonsaday 1808, in kasta oo fulintu xaddidneyd. Laakiin muddo tobanaan sano ah, labada dal ee Spain iyo Portugal waxay sii wadeen iibsashada addoomo Afrikaan ah oo loogu talagalay gumaysigooda Caribbean-ka, iyo Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta Ameerika.

Sannadkii 1815 Paul Cuffe, oo ahaa sameeye markab oo guulaystay oo African-American ah oo ka yimid Boston, Massachusetts, ayaa xiisaynayay dib-u-dejinta dadka madow ee xorta ah ee galbeedka Afrika. Ingiriisku waxay tan ka fuliyeen Freetown, Sierra Leone ilaa 1792. Halkaas, Black Loyalists oo ka yimid Nova Scotia (African Americans la xoreeyay intii lagu jiray American Revolution) waxaa ku biiray Maroons laga soo musaafuriyay Jamaica, Liberated Africans laga xoreeyay ganacsatada sharci-darrada ah, iyo qaar ka mid ah kooxaha qowmiyadaha ee dhulka Sierra Leone oo xiisaynayay dhaqanka reer galbeedka,[4] waxay ku midoobeen qowmiyadda Creole/Krio.[5][6]

Cuffe wuxuu aaminsanaa in dadka madow ee Mareykanka ah ee xirfadleyda ah ay gacan ka geysan karaan horumarinta ganacsiga ee u dhexeeya Sierra Leone iyo Mareykanka, taas oo faa'iido u leh labada dhinac. Sannadkii 1815, wuxuu dib ugu dejiyay koox ka kooban 88 freedmen oo Mareykan ah Jasiiradda Sherbro. Ka dib markii uu ku soo laabtay Mareykanka, Cuffe wuxuu suuq geeyay badeecadiisii uu ka soo qaaday Freetown.[4]

Cuffe wuxuu dhintay 1817, laakiin American Colonization Society (ACS), oo la aasaasay 1820 labada dhinacba ee ka dhanka ah addoonsiga iyo mulkiilayaasha addoonta, ayaa sii waday dadaalka dib-u-dejinta dadka madow ee xorta ah ee Afrika. Waxay u igmadeen sahamin meelo suurtagal ah, oo ay ku jirto Jasiiradda Sherbro. Waxay heleen John Kizell, oo ahaa Sherbro ku dhashay maxalliga ah oo dib u soo laabtay ka dib markii la qabtay oo lagu hayay addoonsi South Carolina. Wuxuu xornimo ku helay Ingiriiska intii lagu jiray American Revolutionary War wuxuuna ka mid ahaa 1200 Black Loyalists oo dib loogu dejiyay Freetown 1792. Kizell wuxuu noqday hoggaamiye dad badan oo Sherbro ah.

U.S. Congress wuxuu ansixiyay sharci Maarso 3, 1819, kaas oo fasaxayay gaadiidka dadka madow ee xorta ah ee loo dhoofiyo "hooyadood". ACS waxay bilowday inay horumariso gumaysi Afrika loogu talagalay dadka madow ee Mareykanka ah ee xorta ah. Waxay hadhow u noqotay Jamhuuriyadda Liberia. Muddadan, dadka madow ee ugu badan ee xorta ah (iyo addoomaha) ee Maraykanka waxay ahaayeen dad u dhashay qaranka; waxay halkaas ku lahaayeen qoys iyo taariikh. Waxay rabeen inay helaan xuquuq siman iyo daaweyn aan takoor lahayn oo Maraykanka ah.

Sannadkii 1821, markabka Elizabeth ee ka yimid New York wuxuu siday 86 African Americans oo xor ah (oo ay ku jiraan fidiyaha diinta Daniel Coker), iyo sidoo kale saddex wakiil oo ACS ah, kooxdii ugu horreysay ee ACS ay taageerto ee Jasiiradda Sherbro. Cudurro iyo qandho ayaa si degdeg ah u dilay in ka badan rubuc dadkii la rabay inay degaan.[7] Kuwii ka badbaaday waxay u guureen Abriil 1822 Providence Island oo ku taal Cape Mesurado waxa hadda loo yaqaan qaranka Liberia.[7]

Sannadkii 1861 Gumaystihii Ingiriiska ee Freetown ayaa ka helay Jasiiradda Sherbro dadka Sherbro, taas oo ka dhigtay inay hoos timaado maamulka dawladdooda. Dadka Sherbro waxay sii wadeen inay halkaas ku noolaadaan. Maamulkii gumaysiga iyo ka dibna ilaaliyaha ayaa maamulayay ilaa Sierra Leone ay xornimada qaadatay 1961.

Sida 2024, waxaa jira mashruuc socda oo jasiiradda looga dhigayo aag dhaqaale oo gaar ah.[8]

Deegaanka

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Qayb ka mid ah xeebta Jasiiradda Sherbro

Jasiiradda Sherbro waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay tahay meel ay ku tarmaan qoolleyda badda ee cagaaran iyo sidoo kale qoolleyda badda ee leatherback.[9] Biyaha ku hareeraysan jasiiradda waxay haystaan qaar ka mid ah tarpon ugu weyn adduunka. Diiwaannada ururka kalluumeysiga isboortiga IGFA waxaa sameeyay qabasho ka timid aaggan. African manatees waxay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin webiga Sherbro ee waqooyiga jasiiradda.[10]

Dadka

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Bishii Maajo 2013, diiwaanka dawladda Sierra Leone ee dadka jasiiradda waxay ahayd 28,457.

Tixraacyo

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  1. ↑ "Idris Elba 'dreams big' with Sierra Leone eco-city plan for Sherbro Island" (in Ingiriis Biritish). 2024-03-17. Retrieved 2024-03-20.
  2. 1 2 Rodney, Walter (1967). "A Reconsideration of the Mane Invasions of Sierra Leone". The Journal of African History. 8 (2): 219–46. doi:10.1017/S0021853700007039. JSTOR 179481. S2CID 163011504. Retrieved 16 Luulyo 2023. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  3. ↑ Tattersfield, Nigel (1991). The Forgotten Trade: Comprising the Log of the 'Daniel and Henry' of 1700 and Accounts of the Slave Trade From the Minor Ports of England 1698–1725 (1778). London. pp. 309–19.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. 1 2 Harris, Sheldon H. Paul Cuffee: Black America and the African Return. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972.
  5. ↑ Walker, James W. (1992). "Chapter Five: Foundation of Sierra Leone". The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783–1870. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 94–114. ISBN 978-0-8020-7402-7. Waxaa markii hore daabacay Longman & Dalhousie University Press (1976).
  6. ↑ Dixon-Fyle, Mac; Cole, Gibril Raschid (2006). "Introduction". New Perspectives on the Sierra Leone Krio. New York: Peter Lang. pp. 2–3. ISBN 978-0-8204-7937-8. Qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadkan addoomadii hore waxay ahaayeen Yoruba, laakiin xubno ka tirsan kooxaha qowmiyadaha ee gobollada kale ee Atlaantik (Igbo, Efik, Fante, iwm) ayaa sidoo kale aad loogu arkayay kooxdan dadka xoreeyay ee Liberated Africans. Shakhsiyaadka ka socda bulshooyinka qowmiyadaha asaliga ah ee Sierra Leone ayaa si weyn loogu matalay dadka xoreeyay [...] Qof kasta oo Temne, Limba, Mende, iyo Loko ah oo ku nool Freetown, oo ay saameeyeen saraakiisha maxalliga ah ee Yurub iyo dadka fidinta diinta, waxay ugu dambeyntii daadin doonaan magacyadooda asaliga ah, iyo qiyamka dhaqanka, si ay u qaataan aqoonsi Creole ah kaas oo siiyay fursad wanaagsan oo guul ah jawiga Victorian ee sii kordhaya ee reer galbeedka Freetown.
  7. 1 2 "Excerpt: 'This Child Will Be Great'". Npr.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
  8. ↑ "L'acteur Idris Elba se rêve en bâtisseur de ville en Sierra Leone" (in Faransiis). 2024-03-26. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
  9. ↑ "MTN 54:10-12 Sea Turtle Nesting in Sierra Leone, West Africa". Seaturtle.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
  10. ↑ Reeves, Randall R.; Tuboku-Metzger, Daphne; Kapindi, Richard A. (Abriil 1988). "Distribution and exploitation of manatees in Sierra Leone" (PDF). Oryx. 22 (2): 77. Archived from the original on 2018-07-24. Retrieved 2026-07-11 – via University of Cambridge.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

Xiriirinta dibadda

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7°33′N 12°42′W / 7.550°N 12.700°W / 7.550; -12.700

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