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Joy Laville

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Joy Laville oo helaysa Biladda Bellas Artes sanadkii 2012

Joy Laville (Sebtembar 8, 1923 – Abriil 13, 2018) waxay ahayd farshaxaniiste Ingiriis/Meksikaan ah oo xirfaddeeda farshaxanku ay ka bilaabatay kuna horumartay inta badan dalka Meksiko, markii ay dalkaas timid si ay casharo farshaxan uga qaadato San Miguel de Allende. Intii ay halkaas joogtay waxay la kulantay qoraaga Meksikaanka ah ee Jorge Ibargüengoitia, kaas oo ay is-guursadeen sanadkii 1973. Muddadaas xirfaddeeda farshaxanku waxay u badnayd mid ku horumartay habka pastels-ka oo leh tayo milicsi ah. Sanadkii 1983, Ibargüengoitia wuxuu ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed oo ka dhacay Isbaanishka, waxaana rinjiyeynta Laville ay isbeddeshay si weyn. Wixii xilligaas ka dambeeyay, shaqadeedu waxay diiradda saartay lumitaanka ninkeeda, si toos ah ama si dadban iyadoo xambaarsan mawduucyo ku saabsan dhammaadka, daa'imka iyo is-weydiinta waxa kale ee jira. Shaqadeeda waxaa lagu soo bandhigay Meksiko iyo dibaddaba oo ay ku jiraan Palacio de Bellas Artes iyo Museo de Arte Moderno. Sanadkii 2012, waxay heshay Biladda Bellas Artes oo loogu aqoonsaday shaqadii ay nolosha soo qabatay. ​

Noloshiisa

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Laville oo ka shaqaynaysa gabal dhoobo ah aqoon-is-weydaarsiga Uriarte Talavera ee Puebla

Joy Laville waxay ku dhalatay Ryde oo ku taal Isle of Wight.[1][2] Aabaheed wuxuu ahaa Francis Laville, oo ahaa kabtan ka tirsanaa Ciidanka Hindiya ee Guutada Toddobaad ee Rajput.[2] Hooyadeed waxay ahayd Vera Elizabeth Perren.[1] In kasta oo Joy lagu uuraystay Hindiya, hooyadeed waxay go'aansatay inay aaddo England si ay ugu dhasho sababtoo ah waxay wayday uurkeedii ugu horreeyay.[1] Waalidkeed waxay kala tageen waxyar ka dib markii ay dhalatay walaasheed ka yar, Rosemarie, Joy-na ay ahayd shan jir.[2] Hooyadeed waxay dib u guursatay waxyar ka dib, aabaheedna wuxuu dhimatay sanadkii 1939-kii isagoo qaba tuberculosis.[1][2] ​Joy waxay ku tilmaantay nafteeda carruurnimadii inay ahayd qof iska aammusan oo dareen leh laakiin faraxsan, iyadoo ag deggenayd badda, talantigeeda sawiristana uu soo muuqday goor hore.[2][3] Markii ay carruurta ahayd waxay qaadatay casharrada baallayga (ballet) iyo biyaano. Sawir ay mar walba samayn jirtay wuxuu ahaa kan cayaartoyda baallayga.[1] ​Markii uu bilaabmay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Joy iyo walaasheed waxay ku qasbaadeen inay dugsiga ka baxaan oo ay guriga joogaan. Iyadoo caajisaysa, waxay dalbatay casharro farshaxan, hooyadeedna waxay u dirtay dugsi farshaxan oo ku yaal koonfurta England. Baahiyihii dagaalka awgood, Joy waxay dhowaan ku biirtay Observer Corps ee Yorkshire, halkaas oo ay ka shaqaynaysay ogaanshaha iyo khariidaynta dhaqdhaqaaqa diyaaradaha Xulafada iyo kuwa Mihwarku marka ay dul marayaan England. Dagaalku saameyn ayuu ku yeeshay, waxayna baratay in noloshu ay jilicsan tahay. Tani waxay ka dhigtay mid caasi ah oo xornimo badan jecel dhalinyaranimadeedii. Markii ay 17 jirka ahayd waxay jacayl u qaadday qaxooti Yuhuudi ah oo la yiraahdo Julius Taussky laakiin hooyadeed iyo aabbe-u-socodkeedu uma oggolaan inay guursato da'deeda awgeed.[1] ​Ka dib, Joy waxay la kulantay Kenneth Rowe, oo ahaa madaafiic-yaqaan ka tirsan Royal Canadian Air Force kaas oo ay is-guursadeen markii ay ahayd 21 jir, waxayna tageen inay ku noolaadaan Kanada. Waxay sheegtay in guurkaas uu ahaa qalad, uuna ahaa mid ay kaga cararaysay England, iyadoo ku noolayd Kanada sanadihii 1947 ilaa 1956.[1][3] Kanada dhexdeeda, ninkeedii wuxuu helay oggolaansho uu geedaha kaga gooyo kaymaha British Columbia, taas oo horseedday in lammaanuhu ay ku noolaadaan goobo aad u fog. Waxay sheegtay inay jeclayd kaymaha ballaaran laakiin ay ahayd nolol cidlo ah, oo ka fog ilbaxnimada. Waxay bilowday inay akhriso wax kasta oo ay heli karto si ay waqtiga isaga dhaafiso.[1] Ka dib, sanadkii 1951, wiilkeeda qura, Trevor, ayaa ku dhashay Prince George, iyadoo u shaqaynaysay xoghaye ahaan isla markaana qaadanaysay casharo rinjiyeynta ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku sii kordhay ku qanacsanaanta guurka, iyadoo dareemaysay "sidii qof dhagax noqday" (petrified), waxayna go'aansatay inay ninkeeda ka tagto, oo ay waliba Kanada ka baxdo.[1] Sida hooyadeed oo kale, waxay ka tagtay Trevor aabihiis markii Trevor uu ahaa shan jir, waxayna go'aansatay inay u guurto Meksiko si ay nolol cusub u bilowdo.[2] ​Meksiko waxay ka ogeyd oo kaliya inay tahay meel raqiis ah in lagu noolaado, iyadoo ka akhrisatay buugaagta sida Under the Volcano ee uu qoray Malcolm Lowry.[1][3] Waxay u qortay qunsuliyadda Meksiko ee ku taal Vancouver iyadoo weydiinaysa meesha ay la deggi karto wiilkeeda shanta jirka ah si ay farshaxan u barato. Waxay u soo jeediyeen San Miguel de Allende. Waxay timid 1956, iyadoo aan wax Isbaanish ah aqoon, waxayna bilowday nolosheeda bulsho iyadoo la joogta ajaanibta kale. Waxay kiraysatay guri waxayna bilowday inay casharo qaadato.[1][4] Waxay San Miguel de Allende ku noolayd muddo laba iyo toban sano ah.[3] Sanadihii 1956 ilaa 1958, waxay wax ka baratay Instituto Allende, taas oo u ahayd tababarkeeda rasmiga ah ee kaliya ee farshaxanka. Intaas ka dib, waxay ku tijaabisay dhowr habab farshaxan oo qarnigii 20-aad ah oo ay ku jiraan Cubism iyo Abstract Expressionism. Ugu dambeyntii waxay samaysatay hab u gaar ah, waana markii ay xarumaha bandhigyada farshaxanku (galleries) bilaabeen inay xiiseeyaan shaqadeeda.[2] Si ay u noolaato, waxay Machadka ka shaqayn jirtay subaxdii, inta kale ee maalintana way rinjiyeyn jirtay. Rinjiyeynteedii ugu horreeyay ee xilligaas waxay ku saxiixi jirtay magaceedii hore ee guurka H. J. Rowe.[5] ​Sanadkii 1959, waxay la kulantay rinjiyeeye Roger von Gunten kaas oo ay saaxiib iyo saaxiib-shaqo ahaayeen tan iyo xilligaas. Bilowgii 1970-yadii, Von Gunten wuxuu u soo guuray gurigeeda wuxuuna ka caawiyay inay farshaxaniiste ahaan u horumarto muddo laba sano ah ilaa uu go'aansaday inuu ku laabto Magaalada Meksiko.[1] ​Markii ay ka baxday Instituto Allende, waxay bilowday inay ka shaqayso dukaan buugaagta lagu iibiyo oo la yiraahdo El Colibrí.[2] Waxay la kulantay Jorge Ibargüengoitia xagaagii 1964, laakiin ma aysan bilaabin shukaansiga ilaa sanadkii xigay. Waxay u soo guurtay Magaalada Meksiko sanadkii 1968 ka dib markii ay wiilkeeda u dirtay kulliyad ku taal Vancouver. Markii hore waxay deggenaayeen guri dabaq ah oo Jorge uu ka dhisay hantida hooyadiis.[1] Waxay is-guursadeen Noofambar 10, 1973.[2][4] Markii hooyadiis dhimatay, lammaanuhu waxay go'aansadeen inay Yurub ku noolaadaan, iyagoo waqti ku soo qaatay London, Gariig iyo Isbaanish ka hor intaysan degin Paris sanadkii 1980-kii. Ibargüengoitia wuxuu ugu yeeri jiray “la mujer lila” ama “haweenaydii ubaxa lila-ga ah” mararka qaarna wuxuu ugu yeeri jiray “Cleo” qoraalladiisa.[1][5] ​Ibargüengoita wuxuu ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed Noofambar 27, 1983, dalka Isbaanishka, halka Laville ay ku sugnayd gurigooda Paris.[2] Waxay sii deggenayd Paris ilaa 1985 markii ay ku laabatay Meksiko sababtoo ah, waxay sheegtay, inay halkaas ku dareemayso inay gurigeeda joogto.[1][3] Ka dib waxay tagtay inay degto meel u dhow Cuernavaca, iyadoo soo qaadatay maktabaddii gaarka ahayd ee Jorge iyo sidoo kale dambaskiisii (ashes). Waxay haysay muddo shan iyo toban sano ah ilaa laga qanciyey inay ku aasato Parque Antillon oo ku yaal horta gurigii uu ku dhashay.[1] ​Ka dib waxay ku noolayd magaalada Jiutepec, oo u dhow Cuernavaca, iyadoo weli rinjiyeynaysa dhowr saacadood maalintii.[3][6] Iyadoo raacaysa asalkeeda Ingiriiska, waxay jeceshahay whiskey laakiin sidoo kale waxay jeceshahay tequila.[3] Mararka qaarkood waxay u safri jirtay UK muddooyin kala duwan.[3] Gurigeedu wuxuu ahaa mid ay ka buuxaan buugaag daboolay miisaska iyo kuraasta, iyo sidoo kale rinjiyeynteeda, kuwaas oo xitaa laga heli karay suuliyada. Waxaa kale oo jiray sawirro badan oo wiilkeeda Trevor ah, gabadheeda ay ayeeyada u tahay ee Isabella, iyo ninkeedii Jorge.[1]

Xirfadda

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Ka dib markii ay dhamaysatay Instituto Allende waxay samaysay tijaabooyin, iyadoo samaysatay hab u gaar ah.[5] Waxay bandhigeedii ugu horreeyay ku qabtay Magaalada Meksiko sanadkii 1964, laba sano ka dibna shaqadeedu waxay ka soo muuqatay munaasabadda Confrontación 66 ee ka dhacday Palacio de Bellas Artes, iyadoo ku guulaysatay abaalmarinta iibsashada. [5] Bandhiggaas wuxuu u horseeday martiqaad ay kula bandhigayso Inés Amor xarunta Galería de Arte Mexicano, halkaas oo ay si joogto ah bandhigyo ugu qaban jirtay ka dib.[2][5] ​Jorge Ibargüengoita ayaa markii dambe ku boorriyay Laville inay hayso diiwaanka rinjiyeynteeda, isaga ayaana sawiray mid walba. Wuxuu sidoo kale shaqadeeda geeyay si ay u aragto Inés Amor, oo ahayd milkiilaha xarunta farshaxanka ee ugu weyn uguna caansan Magaalada Meksiko. Bandhigeedii ugu horreeyay ee shakhsi ah ee madxafkan, Ibargüengoitia wuxuu wax ka qoray mid ka mid ah sawirrada ku jira buugga (catalog).[2] Intaas ka dib waxay shaqadeeda ku soo bandhigtay magaalooyin kala duwan oo Meksiko ah iyo sidoo kale New York, New Orleans, Dallas, Washington, Toronto, Paris, London iyo Barcelona.[4][5] Bandhigyadeedii waaweynaa waxaa ka mid ah kuwii 1966, 1968 iyo 1985 ee ka dhacay Palacio de Bellas Artes iyo sidoo kale laba bandhig oo 1974 iyo 2004 ka dhacay Museo de Arte Moderno.[7] Bandhiggii 2004 ee ka dhacay Museo de Arte Moderno wuxuu ahaa dib u milicsi weyn oo lagu sameeyay shaqadeeda iyadoo lagu soo bandhigay 94 xabbo.[8] ​Shaqadeeda waxaa lagu soo bandhigay jidladka buugaagta uu qoray ninkeedii, waxayna bare farshaxan (artist in residence) ka ahayd Universidad de la Américas. Shaqadeeda waxaa laga heli karaa ururinta Madxafka Dallas, Madxafka Qaranka ee Haweenka ee Farshaxanka ee ku yaal Washington, Museo de Arte Moderno iyo ururinta Banco Nacional de México, BBVA Bancomer iyo Esso Oil ee Kanada.[5] ​Shaqadeeda shakhsi ahaan iyo wadajir ahaanba waxay u horseedday aqoonsiyo dhawr ah. Sanadkii 1966 waxay heshay Abaalmarinta Iibsashada ee ka timid Palacio de Bellas Artes intii lagu jiray munaasabadda Confrontación 66.[4] Waxaa lagu qaabilay Aqalka Sare ee Meksiko sanadkii 2011 iyadoo loo soo xushay musharraxa Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes.[9] Sanadkii 2012, waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Biladda Bellas Artes ee sanadkaas shaqadii ay nolosha soo qabatay awgeed.[4][7] Waxay xubin ka tahay Sistema Nacional de Creadores ee dalka Meksiko.[5] ​

Farshaxannimadiisa

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Laba xabbo oo dhoobo ah oo farshaxaniistuhu u rinjiyeeyay Uriarte Talavera

In kasta oo ay ugu caansan tahay rinjiyeynta (saliidda iyo acrylics-ka), Laville waxay qabatay mashaariic dhowr ah oo ay ka mid yihiin garaafiska, pastels-ka iyo farshaxanka taallada. Waxay farshaxan garaafis ah ku samaysay Tamarind Institute ee ku yaal Los Angeles.[8] Mid ka mid ah taallooyinkeeda naxaasta ah oo la yiraahdo Libertad de bronce ayaa laga taagay Paseo de la Reforma sanadkii 2000.[5] ​Laville waxaa lagu daray qayb ka mid ah Generación de la Ruptura ee Meksiko. Dhinaca jiilka, waxay u dhexaysaa dugsigii Mexican muralism iyo Ruptura.[8] In kasta oo aysan marnaba raacin mabaadi'da dhaqdhaqaaqa muralism-ka, haddana kama aysan shaqayn inay loolanto, sidii ay samaysay Generación de la Ruptura.[10] Waxay sheegtay inaysan ka tirsanayn dhaqdhaqaaq farshaxan ama mabda' midna; waxay si fudud u rinjiyaysaa habkeeda u gaarka ah.[6] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, had iyo jeer waxay nafteeda ugu yeeri jirtay rinjiyeeye Meksikaan ah, maadaama ay xirfaddeeda farshaxanka ka bilowday dalkaas sidoo kale inta badan shaqadeeda farshaxan halkaas ayay ka qabatay, iyadoo diidday in carruurnimadeedii England ama joogitaankeedii Kanada ay wax saameyn ah ku leeyihiin shaqadeeda.[6][8] Naqdiyihii farshaxanka Santiago Espinosa de los Monteros ayaa sheegay in shaqadeeda aysan noqon lahayeen mid la fahmi karo iyada oo aan Meksiko loo arkin xaaladda lagu dhex sameeyay.[8] ​Waxay sheegtay in saameyntii ugu horreysay ee farshaxankeeda ay ahayd James Pinto laakiin tan ugu muhiimsan ay tahay tii Roger von Gunten.[3] Waxay u bogtay shaqada Lilia Carrillo iyo Francisco Corzas.[8] Shaqadeedu waxay muujinaysaa saameyno si wanaagsan isugu dhafan oo ka yimid farshaxaniistayaal ay ka mid yihiin Matisse (habaynta ubaxyada), Marie Laurencin (isticmaalka muuqaallada haweenka ee aan wejiga lahayn), iyo David Hockney (isticmaalka dusha siman si loo nidaamiyo halabuurka). Shaqadeeda waxaa lala barbar dhigay tan Milton Avery maadaama labadooduba ay isticmaalaan meelo ballaaran oo hal midab ah si ay u gudbiyaan dareen ah waqti joogsaday iyo sidoo kale midabada pastels-ka iyo muuqaallo leh xuduudo aan caddayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqada Laville waa mid aad u milicsi badan oo leh dareen jidheed oo xooggan.[2] ​Waxaa jira laba weji oo waaweyn oo u qaybiya shaqada Laville, kuwaas oo u kala baxa dhimashadii ninkeedii ee sanadkii 1983. Wejiga hore wuxuu daboolayaa horumarkeedii farshaxan ee illaa guurkeedii. Ilaa dhimashadii ninkeedii, farshaxanka Laville wuxuu inta badan ka tarjumayay nolol maalmeedka isagoo leh tayo dhugasho ah, iyadoo sawirrada nafteeda iyo muuqaallada dabiiciga ahi ay u badnaayeen.[2] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muddadaas waxaa jiray isbeddel weyn. 1960-yadii waxay guud ahaan isticmaali jirtay midabo madow. Laga bilaabo 1970-yadii, waxay bilowday inay isticmaasho pastels, iyadoo diiradda saaraysa buluugga, casaanka (pink) iyo guduudka khafiifka ah.[6] Shaqadeeda ugu horumarsan waxay ahaayeen hal-ku-dhegyo iyo sawirrada nafteeda. Guurkeeda ka hor, waxay nafteeda ku sawiri jirtay mid yar, madow oo xishood badan, laakiin intii ay guurka ku jirtay, muuqaalka nafteedu wuxuu noqday mid weyn oo si cad u qeexan.[2] Ibargüengoitia wuxuu ku sifeeyay rinjiyeynteeda kuwo aan calaamad ahayn, masaal ahayn, ama dhab ahayn, balse "waa daaqad laga eego adduun si qarsoodi ah loo yaqaan. Waa waxyaabo qarsoon oo aan loo baahnayn in la xalliyo, laakiin ay xiiso leedahay in la fahmo."[4][7] Si la yaab leh, waxyar ka hor shilkii 1982, waxay rinjiyaysay muuqaal la mid ah kuwii ay samayn jirtay ka dib: haweeney indho la' oo ku fadhida lama-degaan midabka casaanka khafiifka ah iyo midabo kale leh. Waxay hadda rinjiyeyntaas ugu yeertaa "Bishaaradii" (Annuciation).[2] ​Dhimashadii Ibargüengoitia ee shilkii diyaaradeed ee Noofambar 1983 ka dib, Laville waxay joojisay rinjiyeynta gebi ahaanba ilaa Maarso 1984. Xilligaas waxay tagtay Magaalada Meksiko si ay u habeeyo dhaxalka ninkeedii oo ay u soo booqato meelihii ay iyada iyo Ibargüengoitia ku noolaayeen oo ay waqtiga ku qaadan jireen. Waxba uma muuqan sidii hore laakiin waayo-aragnimadaas ayaa ku riixday inay mar kale rinjiyeyso. Intaas ka dib, waxay u noqotay xusuus-qor horumaraya oo ku saabsan baroordiiqdeeda iyo sida lumitaanka ninkeeda uu dib ugu qaabeeyay sida ay adduunka u aragto. Inta badan shaqooyinkan ma muujiyaan farxad balse waxay muujiyaan xanuun, badanaana carro iyo niyad-jab. Midabada shaqadeeda waxay noqdeen kuwo fiiqan oo adag. Dillaacyada iyo jeexyada gidaarada ayaa noqday calaamad caan ah oo muujinaysa niyad-jab isbiirsaday. Shaqadeedii ugu horreysay ee xilligaas waxay ahaayeen afar rinjiyeyn oo gouache ah kuwaas oo calaamad u ah isbeddelka shaqadeeda. Mid ka mid ah rinjiyeyntan waxay muujinaysaa haweeney leh hal il oo gadaashana ay diyaaradi ka soo dhacayso oo burburaysa. Waxay kaloo tixraacaysaa meeshii Laville ay ku qasbaatay inay ku aqoonsato meydka Ibargüengoitia. Rinjiyeyntan waxaa ku xigay taxane la yiraahdo Landfalls and Departures kaas oo sahamiyey lumitaanka aan laga baxsan karin ee ka dhasha xiriirka ka dib markii lagu dhisay riyooyin ay aragtay dhimashadii ninkeeda ka dib. Walxaha sida diyaaradaha iyo qaybaha jirka ee maqan ayaa weli ka soo muuqda shaqadeeda.[2] ​Baroordiiqdeedu waxay u beddeshay aqbalidda lumitaanka heer gaar ah iyo is-weydiin ku saabsan waxa dhaca dhimashada ka dib. Kuwa ugu horreeya rinjiyeyntan noocan ah waa Man Jumping Off a Rock (1986) iyo Man Leaving a Boat (1986). Laga bilaabo kuwan, badda iyo cirifka fog waxay u noqdeen masaal dhimashada laakiin sawirku waa mid deggen.[2][11] Waxay shaqadeeda xoogga ku saartaa buluugga, cagaarka iyo cadaanka sababo la mid ah awgood, kuwaas oo calaamad u ah biyaha iyo nabadda.[11][12] Waxay xiisaynaysaa dhammaadka, dhammaad la'aanta, dhimashada, masiibada adduunka (apocalypse), jannada, daa'imka iyo dhimasho la'aanta, iyadoo isku dayaysa inay magacawdo waxa aan la magacaabi karin.[11] Muuqaallada badanaa waa kuwo yar oo hortaagan meelo aad u ballaaran.[10] Cirifka fog wuxuu u muuqdaa mid xaddidaya aqoonta, sida imaansho laakiin aan ahayn halka loo socdo iyo bar isku xirta samada iyo dhulka. Shaqadeeda inta badan, cirifka fog waxaa loola jeedaa inuu calaamad u noqdo duni kale.[11] Rinjiyeynteedu waxay soo kiciyaan degganaansho, iyo nasteexo laakiin sidoo kale cidlo.[12] Waxay ku dhimatay Cuernavaca.[13] ​

Akhris dheeraad ah

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

​ "Joy Laville". Resumen:Pintores y Pintura Mexicana. 6 (52): 16–29. July–August 2001. ​

Tixraac

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Silvia Cherem S. (November 30, 2003). "Joy Laville: La mujer lila" [Joy Laville: The lily woman]. Reforma (in Isbaanish). Mexico City. p. 2.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Grimberg, Salomon (1989). "Landfalls and Departures: Images of Mourning in Joy Laville's Art". Woman's Art Journal. 10 (2): 3–6. doi:10.2307/1358204.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Joy Laville, una artista enamorada de México" [Joy Laville, an artist in love with Mexico] (in Isbaanish). Mexico City: Mexico Desconocido magazine. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Joy Laville y Federico Osorio recibirán la Medalla BA" [Joy Laville and Federico Osorio to receive the Bellas Artes Medal]. El Universal (in Isbaanish). Mexico City. October 12, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lupina Lara Elizondo. Visión de México y sus Artistas Siglo XX 1950-2000. Mexico City: Qualitas. pp. 92–95. ISBN 968 5005 59 1.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Omar Garcia (March 31, 2004). "Asegura Joy Laville que pinta a su manera" [Joy Laville assures that she paints her way]. Reforma (in Isbaanish). Mexico City. p. 6.
  7. 1 2 3 Juan Carlos Talavera (October 17, 2012). "La pintura es un por qué inexplicable: Joy Laville" [Painting is an unexplainable thing: Joy Laville] (in Isbaanish). Mexico City: Crónica magazine. Archived from the original on Bisha Tobnaad 17, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "TRAS EL TRAZO: "La obra de Joy Laville, inexplicable sin México": Espinosa de los Monter" [Behind the lines "The work of Joy Laville, inexplicable without Mexico: Espinosa de los Monter] (in Isbaanish). Mexico City: Proceso magazine. April 12, 2004. Retrieved October 17, 2012.[xiriiriye dhintay]
  9. ↑ "Reconoce el Senado el arte de Joy Laville" [Senate recognizes the art of Joy Laville]. La Jornada (in Isbaanish). Mexico City. April 28, 2011. p. 7. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  10. 1 2 "Joy Laville 1923 La pieza del mes" [Joy Laville Piece of the month] (in Isbaanish). Mexico City: Artes e Historia magazine. April 2002. Archived from the original on Bisha Koobaad 9, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  11. 1 2 3 4 Arnoldo Kraus. "Joy Laville Entre la paz y el vacío" [Joy Laville Between peach and emptiness] (PDF). Revista de la Universidad (in Isbaanish). Mexico City: UNAM. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  12. 1 2 Teresa del Conde (June 6, 2006). "Joy Laville y Von Gunten" [Joy Laville and Von Gunten]. La Jornada (in Isbaanish). Mexico City. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  13. ↑ "Joy Laville". Inverarte Art Gallery. Retrieved 9 May 2024.

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Xiriirinta dibadda

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