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Ken Howery

Ka Wikipedia
Ken Howery
Sawirka rasmiga ah, 2025
Safiirka 27-aad ee Maraykanka u fadhiya Denmark
xafiiska la wareegay
Nofeembar 5, 2025[1]
MadaxweyneDonald Trump
ka horeeyayAlan M. Leventhal
Safiirka Maraykanka u fadhiya Sweden
Xafiiska
Nofeembar 7, 2019 – Janaayo 20, 2021
MadaxweyneDonald Trump
ka horeeyayAzita Raji
Ku xigayErik Ramanathan
Faahfaahin shaqsiyadeed
Dhashay
Kenneth Alan Howery

(1975-11-04) November 4, 1975 (Da’da  50)
Alma materStanford University (BA)
Lagu yaqaanoAasaase iyo CFO-gii PayPal; Aasaase iyo bahwadaag ka tirsan Founders Fund

​Kenneth Alan Howery (/ˈhaʊəri/; dhashay Nofeembar 4, 1975) waa ganacsade iyo diblamaasi Maraykan ah. Waa mid ka mid ah aasaasayaashii PayPal[2] iyo Founders Fund.[3] Wuxuu ahaa safiirka Maraykanka u fadhiya Sweden intii u dhaxaysay 2019 ilaa 2021 xilligii Madaxweyne Donald Trump.[4] ​Diseembar 22, 2024, Madaxweynaha la doortay Trump ayaa ku dhawaaqay damaciisa ah inuu Howery u magacaabo safiirka xiga ee Maraykanka u fadhiya Denmark.[5] Oktoobar 7, 2025, magacaabista waxaa xaqiijiyay Aqalka Sare (Senate).[6] ​

Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Howery wuxuu ku dhashay 1975 gobolka Texas.[7][8] Ka dib wuxuu ka qalin-jabiyay Stanford University sanadkii 1998 isagoo qaatay shahaadada BA ee cilmiga dhaqaalaha. Intii uu Stanford joogay, wuxuu ahaa tifaftiraha maamulka ee The Stanford Review, oo ah wargeys ardaydu maamulaan oo uu aasaasay Peter Thiel.[9] ​

Shaqada

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Isla sanadkii uu qalin-jabiyay, wuxuu la aasaasay PayPal isaga iyo Peter Thiel, Luke Nosek, Elon Musk, iyo Max Levchin. Kooxda aasaasayaasha ah waxay caan ku noqdeen magaca PayPal Mafia, oo ay ku jireen saaxiibbo kale iyo maalgashadayaashii hore. 1998 ilaa 2002, Howery wuxuu ahaa CFO-ga PayPal. Ka dib markii eBay ay iibsatay PayPal sanadkii 2002, Howery wuxuu ahaa Agaasimaha Horumarinta Shirkadda ee eBay ilaa 2003. Howery wuxuu dib ugu biiray Thiel sanadkii 2004 shirkadda Clarium Capital Management, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa madaxweyne ku xigeenka qaybta maalgashiga gaarka ah, iyo xubin ka tirsan kooxaha cilmi-baarista iyo ganacsiga.[10] ​Maarso 2012, World Economic Forum waxay Howery u magacawday Hoggaamiye Caalami ah oo Da' yar (Young Global Leader),[11] oo ah bulsho ka kooban "rag iyo haween maskax bulsho leh oo la doortay iyagoo ka yar 40 sano, kuwaas oo u shaqeeya sidii xoog wanaagga u adeega si looga gudbo caqabadaha hortaagan horumarka."[12] Sidoo kale waa xubin ka tirsan Guddiga Xulashada ee Barnaamijka Tiknoolajiyadda Hormuudka ah (Technology Pioneers Program) ee Madasha Dhaqaalaha Adduunka.[13] ​Sanadkii 2005, Howery iyo Thiel, oo uu la socdo saaxiibkiisii PayPal ee Nosek, waxay bilaabeen Founders Fund, oo ah shirkad maalgashi oo fadhigeedu yahay San Francisco oo maamusha in ka badan $3 bilyan, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa aasaase iyo bahwadaag. Wuxuu xubin ka soo noqday guddiyada Quantcast iyo ZocDoc. Sanadkii 2010, Venture Capital Journal waxay Howery u magacawday mid ka mid ah 10-ka qof ee ugu sarreeya ee maalgashadayaasha (VCs) ee ka yar 36 sano.[14] Wuxuu casharro ka bixiyay ganacsiga ee Harvard Business School iyo Stanford, wuxuuna ka caawiyay ardayda UC Berkeley iyo McCombs School of Business inay horumariyaan moodallo ganacsi. ​Howery waa xubin ka tirsan The Explorers Club, oo ah koox aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo dhiirrigelisa sahaminta cilmiga ah.[15] ​Howery waa la-taliye u ah Kiva, oo ah urur samafal oo 501(c)(3) ah kaas oo dadka u saamaxaya inay internetka amaah lacageed u mariyaan ganacsatada dakhliga yar iyo ardayda ku sugan in ka badan 80 waddan. Wuxuu xubin ka yahay U.S. Council on Competitiveness, oo leh ujeeddo cad oo ah kordhinta tartanka dhaqaale ee Maraykanka ee suuqa caalamiga ah.[13] ​Hantida saafiga ah ee Howery waxay gaaraysaa $1.5 bilyan.[16] ​

Diblamaasiyadda

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​

Boqortooyada Sweden

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Ken Howery oo si rasmi ah loogu dhaarinayo Safiirka Maraykanka ee Boqortooyada Sweden.

Janaayo 16, 2019, Howery waxaa magacaabay Madaxweyne Donald Trump si uu u noqdo Safiirka Gaarka ah iyo Wakiilka Buuxa ee Maraykanka ee Boqortooyada Sweden.[17][18] Ka dib dhageysiga xaqiijinta ee May 16, 2019, Guddiga Xiriirka Dibadda ee Aqalka Sare ayaa si wanaagsan u soo gudbiyay magacaabista Howery, waxaana Aqalka Sare uu xaqiijiyay Howery bishii Sebtembar 17, 2019, isagoo helay codad gaaraya 62–32.[19][20] Dhageysigii xaqiijintiisa, Howery wuxuu sheegay in mudnaantiisa safiirnimo ay ku jiri doonto raadinta xiriir dhaqaale iyo mid ganacsi oo ballaaran, horumarinta ballanqaadyada amniga ee labada dhinac, iyo dhiirrigelinta fursadaha sayniska, tiknoolajiyadda iyo ganacsiga.[21] ​Howery waxaa loo dhaariyay safiir ahaan bishii Oktoobar 10, 2019,[22] wuxuuna waraaqihiisa aqoonsiga u gudbiyay Boqor Carl XVI Gustaf bishii Nofeembar 7, 2019.[23] ​Safiir ahaan, Howery wuxuxu firfircoonaa dhinacyo badan oo siyaasadeed.[24] Howery wuxuu la xiriiray mas'uuliyiinta Sweden arrimaha difaaca iyo istaraatiijiyadda milatariga, oo ay ku jirto cadaadiska lagu kordhinayo is-waafajinta nidaamyada milatariga Maraykanka iyo Sweden.[25][26] Sidoo kale wuxuu u dooday ujeeddada fog ee Maraykanka ee ah kordhinta kharashka difaaca Yurub; Sweden waxay ansixisay 40% koror ah kharashka difaaca muddo shan sano ah intii Howery xilka hayay - kororkii ugu weynaa muddo ka badan 70 sano.[27] Madaxweyne Trump ayaa markii dambe ammaanay hoggaanka Howery ee kordhinta difaaca, amniga, iyo iskaashiga dhaqaale ee u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo Sweden, isagoo yiri "wuxuu qarankeenna ugu adeegay si heer sare ah," isagoo safiir ah.[28] ​Howery wuxuu si xooggan u taageeray tiknoolajiyadda nadiifka ah ee 5G,[29] isagoo dhiirrigelinaya booska rasmiga ah ee Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Maraykanka oo dhiirrigelisa isticmaalka qalabka ay samaysay shirkadda Sweden ee Ericsson kuna adkaysata in alaabta ay samaysay Huawei ay khatar amni ku tahay demoqraadiyadda. Howery wuxuu la kulmay mas'uuliyiin sare oo u dhashay Sweden isagoo kala hadlay amniga 5G bishii Sebtembar, 2020,[30] Sweden ayaana markaas ka dib ku dhawaaqday mamnuucidda qalabka ka yimaada shirkadaha isgaarsiinta ee Huawei iyo ZTE ee shabakaddeeda 5G.[31] ​Howery wuxuu sidoo kale dhiirrigeliyay iskaashiga kor loo qaaday, oo ay ku jiraan arrimaha amniga, ee u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo Sweden ee gobolka Arctic.[32] Oktoobar 2020, Sweden waxay daabacday Istaraatiijiyadeedii ugu horreysay ee cusub ee Arctic muddo toban sano ah, iyadoo iftiimisay walaacyada ku saabsan xumaanshaha xiriirka caalamiga ah iyo kororka dhaqdhaqaaqa milatariga ee Arctic.[33][34] U doodistiisa Arctic waxaa ka mid ahaa gacan ka gaysashada samaynta iskaashi dhex mara Hindisaha Arctic ee Harvard Kennedy School of Government iyo Luleå University of Technology ee Sweden.[35] ​Maaddaama Sweden ay u adeegto sidii quwad difaac u ah Maraykanka ee Waqooyiga Kuuriya,[36] Howery wuxuu ka shaqeeyay inuu ilaaliyo marin isgaarsiineed oo xooggan oo loogu talagalay dadaalka hub ka dhigista nukliyeerka, wuxuuna kala shaqeeyay mas'uuliyiinta Sweden sidii looga hortagi lahaa macluumaadka khaldan, loona dhiirrigelin lahaa demoqraadiyadda, xuquuqda aadanaha, ganacsiga xorta ah, iyo amniga gobolka.[26] ​Howery wuxuu u dooday muhiimadda hufnaanta iyo wadaagga macluumaadka ee dalalka u dhexeeya si looga jawaabo si wax ku ool ah faafitaanka COVID-19.[37] Wuxuu hoggaamiyay dadaallada Safaaradda Maraykanka ee Stockholm si looga caawiyo shirkadda Sweden ee Getinge arrimaha silsiladda sahayda, isagoo ka caawiyay inay ballaariso soo saarista qalabka neefsashada (ventilators) ee loogu talagalay bukaannada COVID-19 ee Maraykanka iyo adduunka oo dhan.[38] ​Howery wuxuu xiriir la sameeyay bulshada akadeemiyadda ee Sweden, oo ay ku jirto doorka jaamacaduhu ka ciyaari karaan ganacsiga iyo muhiimadda daacadnimada akadeemiyadeed.[39][40] Wuxuu wacyigelin u sameeyay bulshooyinka ganacsiga ee Maraykanka iyo Sweden ee ku sugan Sweden,[41][42][43][44][45] oo ay ku jirto khudbado uu ka jeediyay Rugta Ganacsiga ee Swedish-American iyo Rugta Ganacsiga ee Maraykanka.[46][47] Sidoo kale wuxuu xiriir la sameeyay machadyada cilmi-baarista sayniska ee ugu sarreeya Sweden, jardiinooyinka sayniska, iyo Wakaaladda Hal-abuurka ee Sweden.[48][49][50][51][52] ​Iyadoo laga jawaabayo baaqyada sii kordhaya ee ku biirista Sweden ee NATO ka dib duullaankii buuxay ee Ruushku ku qaaday Ukraine bishii Febraayo 2022, Howery wuxuu qoray maqaal ra'yi ah isagoo leh duullaankii Ukraine wuxuu si weyn u beddelay ra'yiga dadweynaha Sweden ee ku aaddan NATO, iyo in dalku uu "noqon doono mid aad ugu soo kordha" isbahaysiga, ku biiristiisuna "ay noqon doonto sabab loo dabbaal-dego."[53] ​

Boqortooyada Denmark

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Madaxweynaha la doortay Donald Trump ayaa Howery u magacaabay inuu noqdo Safiirka Gaarka ah iyo Wakiilka Buuxa ee Maraykanka ee Boqortooyada Denmark bishii Diseembar 22, 2024.[5] ​

Nolosha shakhsiga ah

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Howery waa doob.[54] ​Wuxuu guri ku leeyahay Power Mountain, oo ah goob lagu ciyaaro barafka oo ku taal Utah.[55] Sanadkii 2021, The Wall Street Journal ayaa ku warrantay in Howery iyo Musk ay wada deganaayeen guriga Howery ee cabbirkiisu yahay 8,000-square-foot oo u dhow Wabiga Colorado ee Austin. Musk, si kasta ha ahaatee, wuxuu beeniyay sheegashadaas isagoo emayl ugu diray Business Insider xilligaas.[56] ​Sida laga soo xigtay warbixintii WSJ ee bishii Diseembar 2021, ka dib markii uu dhammaaday muddadiisii safiirnimo ee Sweden, wuxuu "ku jiray safar uu ku marayay adduunka, oo ay ku jirto baacsiga duufaannada iyo dhacdooyinka kale ee cimilada aadka u daran oo uu u leeyahay hiwaayad ahaan, sida ay sheegeen dad yaqaanna."[57]

Tixraac

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  1. ↑ https://x.com/USAmbDenmark/status/1986448200660602935?t=r3lQ7MUiOg6h4FnUend9rw&s=19
  2. ↑ Kelly, Makena (2018-10-16). "Peter Thiel associate named as ambassador to Sweden". The Verge (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2020-08-04.
  3. ↑ "Ken Howery". Forbes (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2020-08-04.
  4. ↑ "USA:s ambassadör i Sverige har lämnat in avskedsansökan". SVT. January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  5. 1 2 Schleifer, Theodore (2025-01-16). "Trump Picks a Jet-Setting Pal of Elon Musk to Go Get Greenland". The New York Times (in Ingiriis Maraykan). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  6. ↑ "PN54-3 - Nomination of Kenneth Howery for Department of State, 119th Congress (2025-2026)". www.congress.gov. 7 October 2025. Retrieved 9 October 2025.
  7. ↑ "The U.S. Ambassador visits Chalmers". January 9, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  8. ↑ "PN127 116th Congress". September 17, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  9. ↑ "Life After the Stanford Review". The Stanford Review. February 10, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  10. ↑ https://www.generalist.com/p/founders-fund-1 Template:Bare URL inline
  11. ↑ "List of 2012 Young Global Leaders Honourees" (PDF). World Economic Forum. July 20, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
  12. ↑ "Young Global Leaders". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  13. 1 2 "Board and Advisors | Kiva". blog.kiva.org. Archived from the original on 2017-07-29. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  14. ↑ Staff (August 2, 2010). "Hot prospects: Top 10 VCs under 36". Reuters. Archived from the original on August 3, 2010.
  15. ↑ "Behind the Scenes with PayPal Co-Founder Ken Howery". IVY MAGAZINE. October 11, 2016. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
  16. ↑ "PayPal net worth has surpassed parent company eBay - Compelo". NS Business (in Ingiriis Maraykan). 2018-02-01. Archived from the original on 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
  17. ↑ "Nominations Sent to the Senate". The White House. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  18. ↑ "Sweden one step closer to getting a US ambassador – after more than two years". www.thelocal.se. May 29, 2019.
  19. ↑ "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 116th Congress - 1st Session". www.senate.gov.
  20. ↑ "PN127 — Kenneth A. Howery — Department of State". Congress.gov. 17 September 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  21. ↑ "Statement of Kenneth A. Howery" (PDF). Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  22. ↑ "Ambassador Kenneth A. Howery". U.S. Embassy in Sweden (in Ingiriis Maraykan). Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  23. ↑ "The King receives foreign ambassadors - Sveriges Kungahus". www.kungahuset.se (in Ingiriisi). Archived from the original on 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  24. ↑ ""USA:s och Sveriges militära samarbete har aldrig varit tätare än under Trump"". Dagens Nyheter (in Iswiidhish). 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  25. ↑ Brussels, Michael M. Phillips in Gotland, Sweden, and James Marson in (2021-01-05). "Russian Aggression Spurs Neighbors to Rebuild Defenses". Wall Street Journal (in Ingiriis Maraykan). ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2021-02-16.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. 1 2 "A Farewell Message from Ambassador Howery". U.S. Embassy in Sweden (in Ingiriis Maraykan). 2021-01-20. Retrieved 2021-02-16.
  27. ↑ "Sweden ups defense budget 40% due to regional tensions". Defense News (in Ingiriis Maraykan). Associated Press. 2020-12-15. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  28. ↑ "Truth Social". Truth Social (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2025-01-10.
  29. ↑ Piauger, Alexander (2020-01-23). "USA:s ambassadör om Kinas investeringar i Göteborg: "Det kan ni få ångra"". gp.se (in Iswiidhish). Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  30. ↑ Ken Howery [@USAmbSweden] (9 September 2020). "Secure 5G, Arctic issues, and eastern Europe are just some of the issues the U.S. and Sweden cooperate on hand-in-hand. Thanks @SweMFA State Secretary Rydberg and @SweAmericas Head Veronika Wand-Danielsson (@AmbVWD) for a great discussion" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 9 September 2020 – via Twitter.
  31. ↑ Soderpalm, Supantha Mukherjee, Helena (2020-10-20). "Sweden bans Huawei, ZTE from upcoming 5G networks". Reuters (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2020-12-22.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ↑ "DEBATT: "Ryssland och Kina skapar risker i Arktis"". Svenska Dagbladet (in Iswiidhish). 2020-02-19. ISSN 1101-2412. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  33. ↑ Regeringskansliet, Regeringen och (2020-11-10). "Sweden's strategy for the Arctic region 2020". Regeringskansliet (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  34. ↑ Bye, Text Hilde-Gunn. "Sweden Launches New Arctic Strategy". www.highnorthnews.com (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  35. ↑ "Arctic Innovation Lab: New Ideas For a Better Arctic". Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (in Ingiriisi). 9 October 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  36. ↑ "North Korea International Travel Information". travel.state.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-16.
  37. ↑ "DEBATT. USA:s ambassadör: Vi must be united in the fight against corona". www.expressen.se (in Iswiidhish). 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  38. ↑ "Remarks for the October 1, 2020 SACC-USA Executive Forum". U.S. Embassy in Sweden (in Ingiriis Maraykan). Archived from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  39. ↑ "US Ambassador Kenneth Howery highlights the university's importance for entrepreneurship - Luleå University of Technology". www.ltu.se (in Ingiriisi). 2020-02-14. Archived from the original on 2021-01-12. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  40. ↑ Ken Howery [@USAmbSweden] (8 December 2020). "Delighted to have leaders of several of Sweden's top universities join me for a wide-ranging discussion today with @STASatState Dr. Mung Chiang about ensuring academic integrity while promoting cutting-edge research" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 19 January 2021 – via Twitter.
  41. ↑ Ken Howery [@USAmbSweden] (20 October 2020). "Enjoyed talking about #entrepreneurship and #innovation with #Malmö tech investor Hampus Jakobsson (@hajak) at Malmö Business Day" (Tweet) – via Twitter. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help)
  42. ↑ Ken Howery [@USAmbSweden] (14 February 2020). "Impressed by @SSAB_AB's innovative initiatives to pilot (and eventually scale up) carbon free steel production. Also excited to find out how SSAB Americas is bringing their technology to #Iowa and #Alabama. Private sector innovation will lead the way" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 14 February 2020 – via Twitter.
  43. ↑ Ken Howery [@USAmbSweden] (22 January 2020). "Thank you to Henrik Henriksson and the entire team at @scaniagroup in #Södertälje for a wonderful day learning about #Scania!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 19 January 2021 – via Twitter.
  44. ↑ Ken Howery [@USAmbSweden] (15 January 2020). "Honored to be invited to @AstraZeneca incubator, @BioVentureHub, which houses some fascinating bio- and medtech startups. I hope to see them invested in the U.S. one day soon!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 15 January 2020 – via Twitter.
  45. ↑ Ken Howery [@USAmbSweden] (9 December 2019). "Thanks to @Ericsson CEO Börje Ekholm for showing me how Ericsson provides secure 5G technology to networks around the world. #USSwedishTrade" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 9 December 2019 – via Twitter.
  46. ↑ "EXECUTIVE FORUM 2020 [WASHINGTON, D.C.]". SACC-NE (in Ingiriis Maraykan). October 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  47. ↑ "A Conversation with Ambassador Kenneth A. Howery". American Chamber of Commerce in Sweden (in Ingiriis Maraykan). Archived from the original on 2021-01-12. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  48. ↑ European Spallation Source [@essneutron] (20 October 2020). "We were happy to host the US Ambassador to Sweden on site yesterday! We look forward to seeing you at #ESSneutron again soon @USAmbSweden!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  49. ↑ MAX IV Laboratory [@MAXIVLaboratory] (20 October 2020). "We are glad and honored to have welcomed @USAmbSweden to @MAXIVLaboratory. No one better than our director Ian McNulty could showcase the great potential of the world's brightest source of #xray and the opportunities for #research and #collaboration" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  50. ↑ Ken Howery [@USAmbSweden] (21 October 2020). "Exciting to see some of the cutting-edge life science work going on @MedeonSP and Open Lab #Skåne this morning; hope some of these firms will consider investing in and partnering with the United States soon" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 21 October 2020 – via Twitter.
  51. ↑ Lindholmen Science Park [@Lindholmen] (21 January 2020). "Här är ett förevigat ögonblick från det intressanta och givande besöket med ambassadör Ken Howery @USAmbSweden. #gbgftw #lindholmensciencepark #Sweden #collaboration" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  52. ↑ Ken Howery [@USAmbSweden] (9 March 2020). "Interesting briefing by @vinnovase DG Darja Isaksson (@darjaisaksson) on their operations, strategic innovation programs and activities in the U.S." (Tweet). Archived from the original on 9 March 2020 – via Twitter.
  53. ↑ Howery, Ken (July 20, 2022). "Sweden and NATO are ready for each other". The Hill. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  54. ↑ "Ken Howery". Forbes (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 31 October 2025.
  55. ↑ Lewis, Paul (16 March 2018). "Welcome to Powder Mountain – a utopian club for the millennial elite". The Guardian.
  56. ↑ Newsham, Grace Kay, Jack (8 May 2024). "Elon Musk is a homeowner again, despite his claims of couch surfing". Business Insider.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  57. ↑ Copeland, Rob (22 December 2021). "Elon Musk Says He Lives in a $50,000 House. He Doesn't Talk About the Austin Mansion". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 20 April 2025. Retrieved 31 October 2025.

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Diplomatic posts
xilka kaga horeeyey
Azita Raji		 Safiirka Maraykanka u fadhiya Sweden
2019–2021		 Xilka  kala wareegay
Erik Ramanathan
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