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Liiska madaxda gobolada Hindiya

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Liiska madaxda gobolada Hindiya

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Dinasti Mamluk Delhi (1206–1290)

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  • Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206-1210)
  • Aram Shah (1210-1211)
  • Syams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
  • Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
  • Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
  • Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
  • Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
  • Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
  • Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
  • Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)
  • Shamsuddin Kayumars (1290)

Dinasti Khalji (1290–1320)

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  • Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji (1290–1296)
  • Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316)
  • Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316–1320)
  • Khusro Khan (1320)

Dinasti Tughlaq (1321–1414)

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  • Ghiyasu-Din Tughluq I (1321–1325)
  • Muhammad Shah Tughuluq I (1325–1351)
  • Muhammad Shah Tughuluq II (1351–1388)
  • Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
  • Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
  • Muhammad Shah Tughluq III (1390–1394)
  • Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV (1394–1413)

Setelah invasi Timur Lenk pada tahun 1398, gubernur Multan, Khizr Khan menggantikan dinasti Tughlaq pada tahun 1414.

Dinasti Sayyid (1414–1451)

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  • Khizr Khan (1414–1421)
  • Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)
  • Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)
  • Alam Shah (1445–1451)

Dinasti Lodi (1451–1526)

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  • Bahlul Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
  • Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)
  • Ibrahim Lodi (1517-1526), dikalahkan oleh Babur (yang menggantikan Kesultanan Delhi dengan Kesultanan Mughal )

Daftar Kaisar Mughal

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Nama Tituler Nama Lahir Nama Anumerta Kelahiran Memerintah Wafat Catatan
Bābur
بابر		 Zahir-ud-din Muhammad
ظہیر الدین محمد		 Firdaus Makani
فردوس مکانی		 23 Februari 1483 30 April 1526 – 26 Desember 1530 26 Desember 1530
(usia 47)		 Pendiri Kekaisaran
Humayun
ہمایوں		 Nasir-ud-din Muhammad
نصیر الدین محمد ہمایوں		 Jannat-Ashyani
جنت آشیانی		 17 Maret 1508 26 Desember 1530 – 17 Mei 1540 (jabatan ke-1)

22 Februari 1555 – 27 Januari 1556 (jabatan ke-2)

 27 Januari 1556
(usia 48)		 Humayun dilengserkan pada 1540 oleh Sher Shah Suri dari dinasti Suri namun kembali ke tahta pada tahun 1555 setelah kematian Islam Shah Suri (putra dan penerus Sher Shah Suri).
Akbar-e-Azam
اکبر اعظم		 Jalal-ud-din Muhammad
جلال الدین محمد اکبر		 Arsy-Ashyani
ارش آشیانی		 14 Oktober 1542 27 Januari 1556 – 27 Oktober 1605 27 Oktober 1605
(usia 63)		 Ibunya adalah putri raja Persia Hamida Banu Begum.[1]
Jahangir
جہانگیر		 Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim
نور الدین محمد سلیم		 Jannat Makani
جنت مکانی		 20 September 1569 15 Oktober 1605 – 8 November 1627 8 November 1627
(usia 58)		 Ibunya adalah putri raja Rajput Mariam-uz-Zamani.[2]
Shah-Jahan-e-Azam
شاہ جہان اعظم		 Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram
شہاب الدین محمد خرم		 Firdaus Ashiyani
فردوس آشیانی		 5 Januari 1592 8 November 1627 – 2 Agustus 1658 22 Januari 1666
(usia 74)		 Ibunya adalah putri raja Rajput Jagat Gosaini.[3] Membangun Taj Mahal.
Alamgir
عالمگیر		 Muhy-ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb
محی الدین محمداورنگزیب 		Khuld Makani
خلد مکانی		 4 November 1618 31 Juli 1658 – 3 Maret 1707 3 Maret 1707
(usia 88)		 Ibunya adalah putri raja Persia Mumtaz Mahal. Ia menikahi putri raja Rajput Nawab Bai.[4]
Azam Shah Abu'l Faaiz Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam

قطب الدين محمد اعظم

 28 Juni 1653 14 Maret 1707 – 8 Juni 1707 8 Juni 1707
(usia 53)
Bahadur Shah Qutb ud-Din Muhammad Mu'azzam

قطب الدین محمد معزام

 14 Oktober 1643 19 Juni 1707 – 27 Februari 1712 27 Februari 1712
(usia 68)		 Ia membuat kesepakatan dengan Maratha, mencairkan Rajput, dan berteman dengan Sikh di Punjab.
Jahandar Shah Ma'az-ud-Din Jahandar Shah Bahadur

معز الدین جہاندار شاہ بہادر

 9 Mei 1661 27 Februari 1712 – 11 Februari 1713 12 Februari 1713 (usia 51) Sangat dipengaruhi oleh Wali Raja Besar-nya Zulfikar Khan.
Farrukhsiyar Muin ud-din Muhammad

معید الدین محمد

20 Agustus 1685 11 Januari 1713 – 28 Februari 1719 29 April 1719
(usia 33)		 Mengeluarkan firman kepada East India Company pada 1717 yang memberikan mereka hak dagang bea cukai untuk Bengal, menguatkan pos-pos mereka di pantai timur. Firman atau dekrit tersebut membantu perusahaan British East India mengimpor barang-barang ke Bengal tanpa membayar bea cukai kepada pemerintah.
Rafi ud-Darajat Rafi ud-Darajat

رفیع الدرجات

 30 November 1699 28 Februari – 6 Juni 1719 9 Juni 1719
(usia 19)		 Kebangkitan Syed Bersaudara sebagai broker kekuasaan.
Shah Jahan II Rafi ud-Daulah

رفیع الدوله

 Juni 1696 6 Juni 1719 – 19 September 1719 19 September 1719 (usia 23)
Muhammad Shah Roshan Akhtar Bahadur

روشن اختر بہادر

 17 Agustus 1702 27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748 26 April 1748
(usia 45)		 Memajukan Syed Bersaudara. Menghadapi perang panjang dengan Maratha, kehilangan Deccan dan Malwa dalam prosesnya. Mengalami invasi Nader Shah dari Persia pada 1739. Ia merupakan kaisar terakhir yang memegang kontrol efektif atas kekaisaran tersebut.
Ahmad Shah Bahadur Ahmad Shah Bahadur

احمد شاہ بہادر

 23 Desember 1725 26 April 1748 – 2 Juni 1754 1 Januari 1775
(usia 49)		 Pasukan Mughal dikalahkan oleh Maratha di Pertempuran Sikandarabad.
Alamgir II Aziz-ud-din

عزیز اُلدین

 6 Juni 1699 2 Juni 1754 – 29 November 1759 29 November 1759
(usia 60)		 Dominasi Wali Raja Imad-ul-Mulk.
Shah Jahan III Muhi-ul-millat

محی اُلملت

 1711 10 Desember 1759 – 10 Oktober 1760 1772 (usia 60–61) Konsolidasi Nizam dari Bengal, Bihar, dan Odisha, pada Pertempuran Buxar. Hyder Ali menjadi Sultan Mysore pada 1761.
Shah Alam II Ali Gauhar

علی گوہر

 25 Juni 1728 24 Desember 1759 – 19 November 1806 19 November 1806
(usia 78)		 Kematian Tipu Sultan dari Mysore pada tahun 1799.
Akbar Shah II Mirza Akbar

میرزا اکبر

 22 April 1760 19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837 28 September 1837
(usia 77)		 Kepala figur utama di bawah perlindungan Inggris.
Bahadur Shah II Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar

بو ظفر سراج اُلدین محمد بہادر شاہ ظفر

 24 Oktober 1775 28 September 1837 – 14 September 1857 7 November 1862
(usia 87)		 Kaisar Mughal terakhir. Digulingkan oleh Inggris dan diasingkan ke Burma setelah Pemberontakan India 1857.

Catatan:Para Kaisar Mughal menerapkan poligami. Disamping para istri mereka, mereka juga memiliki sejumlah selir di harem mereka, yang menghasilkan anak-anak. Ini menjadikannya sulit untuk mengidentitfikasi seluruh keturunan dari setiap kaisar.[5]

Boqor (1876-1947)

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal (1773–1833)

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

The Regulating Act of 1773 replaced the office of the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal with Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal. The office of the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal was restored in 1833.

Portrait Name Term Appointer
Warren Hastings[nb 1] 20 October
1773		 8 February
1785		 East India Company

(1773–1858)
John Macpherson
(acting)		 8 February
1785		 12 September
1786
The Marquess Cornwallis[nb 2] 12 September
1786		 28 October
1793
John Shore 28 October
1793		 18 March
1798
Alured Clarke
(acting)		 18 March
1798		 18 May
1798
The Earl of Mornington[nb 3] 18 May
1798		 30 July
1805
The Marquess Cornwallis 30 July
1805		 5 October
1805
Sir George Barlow, Bt
(acting)		 10 October
1805		 31 July
1807
The Lord Minto 31 July
1807		 4 October
1813
The Marquess of Hastings[nb 4] 4 October
1813		 9 January
1823
John Adam
(acting)		 9 January
1823		 1 August
1823
The Lord Amherst[nb 5] 1 August
1823		 13 March
1828
William Butterworth Bayley
(acting)		 13 March
1828		 4 July
1828
  1. ↑ Originally joined on 28 April 1772
  2. ↑ Earl Cornwallis from 1762; created Marquess Cornwallis in 1792.
  3. ↑ Created Marquess Wellesley in 1799.
  4. ↑ Earl of Moira prior to being created Marquess of Hastings in 1816
  5. ↑ Created Earl Amherst in 1826.
Governors of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal

(ex-officio Governor-General of India, 1834-1854)

No. Name

(birth–death)

 Portrait Took office Left office Appointer
1 The Lord William Bentick

(1774–1839)

 15 November 1834

(1833)

 20 March 1835 East India
Company
– Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt, ICS[6]

(acting)

(1785–1846)

 20 March 1835 4 March 1836
2 The Lord Auckland (1784–1849) 4 March 1836 28 February 1842
3 The Lord Ellenborough (1790–1871) 28 February 1842 June 1844
– William Wilberforce Bird, ICS[6]

(acting)

(1784–1857)

 June 1844 23 July 1844
4 Sir Henry Hardinge (1785–1856) 23 July 1844 12 January 1848
5 The Earl of Dalhousie (1812–1860) 12 January 1848 1 May 1854

(28 February 1856)

    Governors-General and Viceroys of India and Governors-General of the Dominion of India, 1858–1950

    [wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
    Governor-General or Viceroy
    (lifespan)    		 Term of office Notable events Secretary of State for India Prime Minister
    Governors-General and Viceroys of India, 1858–1947
    Appointed by Queen Victoria (1837–1901)

    Charles Canning, Viscount Canning[nb 1]
    (1812–1862)    		 1 November
    1858    		 21 March
    1862

    James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin
    (1811–1863)    		 21 March
    1862    		 20 November
    1863    		 Charles Wood Viscount Palmerston

    Robert Napier (acting)
    (1810–1890)    		 21 November
    1863    		 2 December
    1863    		  

    William Denison (acting)
    (1804–1871)    		 2 December
    1863    		 12 January
    1864    		  

    John Lawrence, Baronet
    (1811–1879)    		 12 January
    1864    		 12 January
    1869

    Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo
    (1822–1872)    		 12 January
    1869    		 8 February
    1872    		 George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll William Ewart Gladstone

    John Strachey (acting)
    (1823–1907)    		 9 February
    1872    		 23 February
    1872    		  

    Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier (acting)
    (1819–1898)    		 24 February
    1872    		 3 May
    1872    		  

    Thomas Baring, Lord Northbrook
    (1826–1904)    		 3 May
    1872    		 12 April
    1876

    Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton
    (1831–1891)    		 12 April
    1876    		 8 June
    1880

    George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon
    (1827–1909)    		 8 June
    1880    		 13 December
    1884

    Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Earl of Dufferin
    (1826–1902)    		 13 December
    1884    		 10 December
    1888

    Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne
    (1845–1927)    		 10 December
    1888    		 21 January
    1894

    Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin (1849–1917)    		 21 January
    1894[15]    		 6 January
    1899

    George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston[nb 2]
    (1859–1925)    		 6 January
    1899    		 18 November
    1905
    Appointed by King Edward VII (1901–1910)

    Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto
    (1845–1914)    		 18 November
    1905    		 23 November
    1910
    Appointed by King George V (1910–1936)

    Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst
    (1858–1944)    		 23 November
    1910    		 4 April
    1916

    Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford
    (1868–1933)    		 4 April
    1916    		 2 April
    1921

    Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading
    (1860–1935)    		 2 April
    1921    		 3 April
    1926

    E. F. L. Wood, Lord Irwin
    (1881–1959)    		 3 April
    1926    		 1 July
    1929

    George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen (acting)
    (1866–1952)    		 1 July
    1929    		 18 April 1931  

    Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Earl of Willingdon
    (1866–1941)    		 18 April
    1931    		 18 April
    1936
    Appointed by King Edward VIII (1936)

    Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow
    (1887–1952)    		 18 April
    1936    		 1 October
    1943
    Appointed by King George VI (1936–1947) (as Emperor of India)

    Archibald Wavell, Viscount Wavell
    (1883–1950)    		 1 October
    1943    		 21 February
    1947

    Louis Mountbatten, Viscount Mountbatten of Burma
    (1900–1979)    		 21 February
    1947    		 15 August
    1947
    Governor-General
    (birth–death)    		 Term of office Notable events   Prime Minister
    Governors-General of the Dominion of India, 1947–1950
    Appointed by King George VI (1947–1950) (as King of IndiaTemplate:Broken anchor)

    Louis Mountbatten, Viscount Mountbatten of Burma[nb 3]
    (1900–1979)    		 15 August
    1947    		 21 June
    1948
    • First Governor-General of the Union of India

    Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
    (1878–1972)    		 21 June
    1948    		 26 January
    1950
    • Last Governor-General of India, before the office was permanently abolished (1950)
    • First and only Indian-born Governor-General of India
    1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named auto
    2. ↑ Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill was acting Governor-General in 1904.
    3. ↑ Created Earl Mountbatten of Burma on 28 October 1947.

    Madaxweynaha Hindiya

    [wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
    # Magaca Sawirka Dhererka adeega la doortay Xisbiyada siyaasadda Madaxweyne ku xigeenka
      1 Rajendra Prasad
    (1884–1963)    		 26 January 1950 13 May 1962 1950
    1952
    1955
    1957    		 Indian National Congress Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
    2 Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
    (1888–1975)    		 13 May 1962 13 May 1967 1962
    1965    		 Independent Zakir Husain
    3 Zakir Husain
    (1897–1969)    		 13 May 1967 3 May 1969
    (died in office.)    		 1967 Independent V. V. Giri
    4 V. V. Giri
    (1894–1980)    		 3 May 1969 20 July 1969 1969 Independent
    5 Mohammad Hidayatullah
    (1905–1992)    		 20 July 1969 24 August 1969 1969 Independent
    (4) V. V. Giri
    (1894–1980)    		 24 August 1969 24 August 1973 1969 Independent Gopal Swarup Pathak
    – Gopal Swarup Pathak
    (1896–1982)    		 24 August 1973 24 August 1973 – Independent Gopal Swarup Pathak
    (4) V. V. Giri

    (1894–1980)

    		 24 August 1973 24 August 1974 – Independent Gopal Swarup Pathak
      6 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
    (1905–1977)    		 24 August 1974 11 February 1977
    (died in office.)    		 1974 Indian National Congress Gopal Swarup Pathak

    B. D. Jatti

      7 B. D. Jatti
    (1912–2002)    		 11 February 1977 25 July 1977
    		 — Indian National Congress B. D. Jatti
      8 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
    (1913–1996)    		 25 July 1977 25 July 1982 1977 Janata Party B. D. Jatti

    Mohammad Hidayatullah

     9 Giani Zail Singh
    (1916–1994)    		 25 July 1982 25 July 1983 1982 Indian National Congress Mohammad Hidayatullah
      (5) Mohammad Hidayatullah
    (1905–1992)    		 25 July 1983 25 July 1983 — Indian National Congress
      (9) Giani Zail Singh
    (1916–1994)    		 25 July 1983 25 July 1984 — Indian National Congress
      (5) Mohammad Hidayatullah
    (1905–1992)    		 25 July 1984 25 July 1984 — Indian National Congress
      (9) Giani Zail Singh
    (1916–1994)    		 25 July 1984 25 July 1987
    1984    		 Indian National Congress Ramaswamy Venkataraman
      10 R. Venkataraman
    (1910–2009)    		 25 July 1987 25 July 1992 1987 Indian National Congress Shankar Dayal Sharma
      11 Shankar Dayal Sharma
    (1918–1999)    		 25 July 1992 25 July 1997 1992 Indian National Congress K. R. Narayanan
      12 K. R. Narayanan
    (1920–2005)    		 25 July 1997 25 July 2000 1997 Indian National Congress Krishan Kant
     – Krishan Kant

    (1927–2002)

    		 25 July 2000 25 July 2000 – Indian National Congress Krishan Kant
     (12) K. R. Narayanan

    (1920–2005)

    		 25 July 2000 25 July 2002 – Indian National Congress Krishan Kant
    13 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
    (1931–2015)    		 25 July 2002 25 July 2003 2002 Independent Krishan Kant

    Bhairon Singh Shekhawat

    – Bhairon Singh Shekhawat

    (1923–2010)

    		 25 July 2003 25 July 2003 – Independent Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
    (13) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

    (1931–2015)

    		 25 July 2003 25 July 2007 – Independent Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
      14 Pratibha Patil
    (1934–)    		 25 July 2007 25 July 2010 2007 Indian National Congress Mohammad Hamid Ansari
     – Mohammad Hamid Ansari(1937–) 25 July 2010 25 July 2010 – Indian National Congress
     (14) Pratibha Patil

    (1934–)

    		 25 July 2010 25 July 2012 – Indian National Congress
      15 Pranab Mukherjee
    (1935–2020)    		 25 July 2012 25 July 2016 2012 Indian National Congress
     – Mohammad Hamid Ansari(1937–) 25 July 2016 25 July 2016 – Indian National Congress Mohammad Hamid Ansari
     (15) Pranab Mukherjee

    (1935–2020)

    		 25 July 2016 25 July 2017 – Indian National Congress Mohammad Hamid Ansari
      16 Ram Nath Kovind
    (1945–)    		 25 July 2017 25 July 2018 2017 Bharatiya Janata Party Mohammad Hamid Ansari

    Venkaiah Naidu

      _ M. Venkaiah Naidu

    (1949–)

    		 25 July 2018 25 July 2018 – Bharatiya Janata Party Venkaiah Naidu
      (16) Ram Nath Kovind

    (1945–)

    		 25 July 2018 25 July 2022 – Bharatiya Janata Party Venkaiah Naidu
     17 Droupadi Murmu
    (1958-)    		 25 July 2022 11 August 2022 2022 Bharatiya Janata Party Venkaiah Naidu

    Jagdeep Dhankhar

     – Jagdeep Dhankhar

    (1951–)

    		 11 August 2022 11 August 2022 – Bharatiya Janata Party Jagdeep Dhankhar
     17 Droupadi Murmu
    (1958-)    		 11 August 2022 25 July 2025 – Bharatiya Janata Party Jagdeep Dhankhar
     18 Narendra Modi(1950–) 25 July 2025 Incumbent — Bharatiya Janata Party Jagdeep Dhankhar
    Xoogag hubeysan oo afgambi milateri kula kacay dowladda oo talada la wareegay.
    19 Javed Khans (1996–) 25 July 2025 Incumbent Military Armed forces

    sido kale fiiri

    [wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
    1. ↑ Begum, Gulbadan (1902). The History of Humayun (Humayun-Nama). Royal Asiatic Society. pp. 237–9.
    2. ↑ Marc Jason Gilbert (2017). South Asia in World History. Oxford University Press. p. 79.
    3. ↑ Emperor of Hindustan Jahangir (2010). The Tuzuk-I-Jahangiri; Or, Memoirs of Jahangir Translated by Alexander Rogers Edited by Henry Beveridge. General Books LLC. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-152-49040-6.
    4. ↑ Mohammada, Malika (January 1, 2007). The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India. Aakar Books. p. 300. ISBN 978-8-189-83318-3.
    5. ↑ Dalrymple, William (2006). The Last Mughal. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-4088-0092-8.
    6. 1 2 "Raj Bhavan Kolkata" (PDF).
    7. ↑ "India - Government of India Act of 1858". www.britannica.com (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 22 March 2022.
    8. ↑ "Police Act. 1861" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
    9. 1 2 3 Reddy, Krishna (2017). Indian History (2nd ed.). Chennai: McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd. pp. C.55. ISBN 9789352606627.
    10. ↑ "How Viceroy Lord Mayo's Assassination Led To Creation Of India's First Intelligence Bureau". Outlook India (in Ingiriisi). 14 February 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
    11. ↑ "Arms Act, 1878" (PDF). myanmar-law-library.org. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
    12. ↑ "Lord Ripon: Father of Local Self Government in India". thenationaltv.com. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
    13. ↑ "Hunter Commission - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
    14. ↑ "A Short History of Burma". New Internationalist (in Ingiriisi). 18 April 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
    15. ↑ https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/33561/1/11010320.pdf Template:Bare URL PDF
    16. ↑ "Lee Commission". www.britannica.com (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 23 March 2022.
    17. ↑ "Hartog Committee Report, 1929". Your Article Library. 22 December 2014. Archived from the original on 19 January 2025. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
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