Mahajanga
Mahajanga
Majunga | |
|---|---|
Degmo iyo magaalo | |
 Kaniisadda Mahajanga | |
 Astaan | |
  Mahajanga Goobta ku taal Madagascar | |
| Isku-duwayaasha: 15°43′S 46°19′E / 15.717°S 46.317°E | |
| Waddan |  Madagascar |
| Gobol | Boeny |
| Degmo | Mahajanga District |
| Degmo yar | Mahajanga |
| Dawladda | |
| • Guddoomiyaha Golaha Degmada | Abdallah Abad Ali |
| Bedka | |
• Wadarta | 51.05 km2 (19.71 sq mi) |
| Dadka (tirakoobkii 2018) | |
• Wadarta | 246,022 |
| • Cufnaanta | 4,800/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
| Cimilada | Aw |
Mahajangā ([maːˈdzaŋɡə̥]; Faransiis: Majunga) waa magaalo iyo degmo maamul oo ku taal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed ee Madagascar. Magaalada Mahajanga (Mahajanga I) waa caasimadda Gobolka Boeny. Degmadu (oo la mid ah magaalada) waxay lahayd dad tiradoodu ahayd 258,068 sannadkii 2020.[1]
Magaalada
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Mahajanga waa deked badeed, waana tan labaad ee ugu muhiimsan Madagascar ka dib Toamasina. Terminal-ka badda wuxuu qaadaa maraakiibta xamuulka iyo maraakiib yar yar (150 tan) oo xamuul guud ah. Sababo la xiriira qoto-dheeraanta biyaha oo xaddidan ee dekadda, maraakiib yar yar oo kaliya ayaa wici kara terminal-ka. Maraakiibta qoto dheer ayaa ku xirta meel ka baxsan terminal-ka waxayna xamuulka u kala gudbiyaan maraakiibta yaryar, kuwaas oo u rara terminal-ka.
Duufaannadii xoogganaa ee bishii Diseembar 2006 ayaa waxyeello u geystay bulkhead-ka, taasoo u oggolaatay biyaha inay gudaha u galaan oo ay ka maydhaan buuxinta ka hoosaysa baloogyada laamiga ee terminal-ka. Burburka ka dhashay baloogyada laamiga ayaa ka dhigay hawlgallada terminal-ka kuwo aan waxtar lahayn waxayna yareeyeen booska kaydinta ee la heli karo. Dhoofinta weelasha ee ugu weyn uguna qiimaha badan waa shrimp-ka barafaysan.
Waxaa jira garoon diyaaradeed oo caalami ah oo leh duulimaadyo goboleed oo taga Mayotte, maraakiibta Acadie waxay magaalada ku xirayaan Mutsamudu iyo Moroni.
Mahajanga waxay ku taal Webiga Betsiboka, kaas oo markaa u horseeda Bombetoka Bay.
Magaaladu waxay leedahay dad badan oo Muslimiin ah. Sannadkii 1977, waxay ahayd goob ay ka dhaceen rabshado qowmiyadeed, taasoo ku qasabtay in laga daadgureeyo dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee Komoros ee halkaas ku noolaa. Mahajanga sidoo kale waa xarunta Roman Catholic Diocese (Kaniisadda Wadnaha Quduuska ah ee Maryan).
Baobab
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Geedka baobabka Afrika ee u dhow xeebta waa tusaalihii ugu weynaa ee Madagascar, kaas oo leh wareeg dhan 21 metres (69 ft), waana astaanta magaalada. Da'diisu lama yaqaan, laakiin badanaa waxaa la sheegaa inay tahay 700–800 oo sano. Waxaa mar loo isticmaali jiray goob loogu talagalay shirarka muhiimka ah, iyo, qarnigii 19-aad, goob loogu talagalay dilalka. Waxaa la sheegaa in si loo sharfo awowayaasha Malagasy, qof kasta oo booqda waa inuu ku wareegaa todobo jeer.[2]
Taariikh
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Sida laga soo xigtay Jane Hooper, "Tan iyo qarnigii tobnaad, dekedaha waqooyiga Madagascar, oo ay deggan yihiin dad Islaam ah, ayaa soo jiitay ganacsato iyo muhaajiriin ka yimid Bariga Afrika, Bariga Dhexe, iyo xitaa Bariga Fog. Ugu yaraan darsin dekedood ayaa laga aqoonsaday waqooyiga Madagascar dhammaadkii qarnigii shan iyo tobnaad dhanka juqraafi yaqaanka Carabta Ibn Mājid... Qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad, Andriamandisoarivo, isagoo taageero ka helaya ciidankiisa siddeed boqol oo nin, wuxuu aasaasay boqortooyo cusub oo Sakalava ah waqooyiga taas oo uu u bixiyay Volamena, oo macnaheedu yahay lacag cas ama dahab. Faraciisa waxaa loo yaqaanay Zafibolamena, carruurta Volamena. Wuxuu ku dhintay magaalada waqooyi ee Bezavo qiyaastii 1710, isagoo magaciisa ku xardhay dhaqanka sidii aasaasihii boqortooyo cusub oo awood leh. Boqortooyadiisu waxay lahayd dekedda Mazalagem Nova, ama Massaliege, oo horeyba u ahayd xarun ganacsi oo barwaaqo ah, iyo sidoo kale dekedaha cusub ee Boina iyo Mahajanga (Majunga)... Hal kabtan Ingiriis ah ayaa ku tilmaamay magaalada waqooyi-galbeed ee Mahajanga deked mashquul badan oo caalami ah 1764. Wuxuu qoray in magaalada, oo loo dhisay "habka Hindiya," ay ku jiraan dhismayaal dhagax ah oo badan iyo masaajidyo. Waxaa degganaa Muslimiin "waddani" ah iyo kuwo kale oo ka yimid "Surate, Johana, Mosembeck, iyo jasiiradaha Commoro," Mahajanga waxay ahayd deked barwaaqo iyo caalami ah. Magaalada gudaheeda, taliyayaashii Sakalava waxay u oggolaadeen Muslimiinta inay si xor ah u gutaan diintooda. Taas beddelkeeda, Sakalava waxay aasaaseen taxane kontorool ganacsi. Boqorku wuxuu magacaabay "purser loo idmaday inuu ganacsi ku sameeyo magaca boqorka, iyadoo lala kaashanayo purser kale oo ka yimid boqorka." Boqorada iyo boqorada Sakalava waxay xitaa u oggolaadeen ganacsatada Yurub ee soo booqanaya inay la ganacsadaan ganacsatada maxalliga ah ee Muslimka ah iyo sidoo kale wakiillada Sakalava waxayna u muuqdeen inay si sii kordheysa ugu xiran yihiin shabakadahan ka gudbaya gobolka Badweynta Hindiya ee koonfur-galbeed. Boqorad Sakalava ah ayaa guursatay nin Bariga Afrika (ama Komoros) ah qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad bartamihiisii, sida laga soo xigtay warbixinnada Ingiriiska iyo Holland. Boqorada iyo boqorada Sakalava waxay sidoo kale ku daray caqiidooyinka Islaamka iyo cibaadada ku dhaqanka boqornimada rabaaniga ah qaarkoodna waxay u beddeleen Islaamka qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad."[3]
Bulshada Hindiya
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
1780-meeyadii, bulsho ku dhow 200 oo ganacsato Muslimiin ah oo ka yimid dhulweynaha Hindiya ayaa ku samaysmay Mahajanga afka Webiga Betsiboka, sida laga soo xigtay safarka Faransiiska Dumaine. Sidaas darteed, etymology-ga erayga "Mahajanga" waxaa laga yaabaa inuu yahay mid Hindiya.[Xigasho ubaahan] Jahwareer ayaa ka dhashay heerka sharcigooda; waxay inta badan ku dhawaaqi jireen inay yihiin dad Malagasy ah si ay uga fogaadaan sharciyada ka dhanka ah addoonsiga ama dhismaha guryaha dhagaxa ah, labaduba waa laga mamnuucay dadka Ingiriiska. Dhows-kooda, oo ay u isticmaali jireen inay ku qaadaan alaabta dhulweynaha Afrika, waxay duuliyeen calanka Faransiiska. Soo-galootigii ugu horreeyay waxay ahaayeen inta badan Muslimiin Khojas, Ismailis iyo Da'udi Bohras, iyadoo qaar ka mid ah Hindus-ka ay degganaayeen goor dambe.
Tirakoobkii 1911 wuxuu helay 4,480 Hindi ah dalka, taasoo ka dhigaysa 21% wadarta dadka ajaanibta ah iyo dadka ajaanibta ah ee labaad ee ugu weyn, ka dib Faransiiska. Ka dib qaranimada ganacsiyada gaarka loo leeyahay 1970-meeyadii, qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa lagu qasbay inay baxaan; kuwa hadhay waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan waxbarasho lahayn, laakiin way sii joogeen waxayna si tartiib tartiib ah u dhisteen ganacsigooda. Sannadkii 2000, waxaa guud ahaan la aaminsanaa inay gacanta ku hayaan 50-60% dhaqaalaha dalka, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay bartilmaameed u noqdaan mudaaharaadayaasha xilliyada rabshadaha.
Bishii Diseembar 2006, duufaan ayaa ku dhufatay Mahajanga, taas oo keentay waxyeello weyn oo soo gaartay xarumaha dekedda iyo dhismayaal qaar oo ku yaal ama u dhow xeebta.
Taariikhda militariga
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Magaaladu waxay leedahay garoon diyaaradeed oo Ingiriisku u isticmaali jiray inay ku xareeyaan diyaaradaha Shackleton si ay u taageeraan Beira Patrol tan iyo Maajo 1966.[4]
Gobolka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Mahajanga waa caasimadda Gobolka Boeny.
Dadka caanka ah
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Ali Soilih (1937 – 1978) oo ahaa Komoros kacaankii hantiwadaaga iyo shakhsiyad siyaasadeed oo u adeegay sidii Kaligii taliye ee Dawladda Komoros laga soo bilaabo 3 Janaayo 1976 ilaa 13 Maajo 1978.
Isboorti
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- Fosa Juniors FC waa kooxda kubadda cagta ee maxalliga ah.
- ASCB Boeny (basketball) - Horyaalada Malagasy 2017
Garoonka Jacques Rabemananjara, oo leh 8,000 oo meelood, waa kii 5-aad ee ugu weyn dalka.[5]
Cimilada
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Mahajanga waxay leedahay cimilada savannada kulul (Köppen Aw) oo leh laba xilli oo kala duwan: xilli roobaad qoyan oo ka bilaabma Nofeembar ilaa badhtamaha Abriil, iyo xilli qallalan qorrax leh, qoyaan yar iyo dhab ahaan qalalan muddo lix iyo badh bilood ah oo hadhay. Duufaannada waxay dhici karaan inta lagu jiro xilli roobaadku, iyagoo soo saaraya roob aad u culus iyo nabaad-guur ballaaran.
| Faahfaahin Cimilada Mahajanga (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilaha | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Sanad |
| Kuleel daran °C (°F) | 36.4 (98) |
35.2 (95) |
37.0 (99) |
38.1 (100) |
36.2 (97) |
35.0 (95) |
34.0 (93) |
35.3 (96) |
37.0 (99) |
39.2 (100) |
38.0 (100) |
38.0 (100) |
39.2 (100) |
| Kuleel aan darnayn °C (°F) | 31.4 (89) |
31.5 (89) |
32.6 (91) |
33.3 (92) |
32.7 (91) |
31.6 (89) |
31.2 (88) |
31.9 (89) |
32.7 (91) |
33.3 (92) |
33.2 (92) |
32.3 (90) |
32.31 (90) |
| Maalinle °C (°F) | 27.9 (82) |
27.9 (82) |
28.4 (83) |
28.4 (83) |
27.1 (81) |
25.5 (78) |
25.0 (77) |
25.5 (78) |
26.6 (80) |
27.9 (82) |
28.7 (84) |
28.4 (83) |
27.28 (81) |
| Hoos udhaca kuleelka °C (°F) | 24.3 (76) |
24.3 (76) |
24.3 (76) |
23.5 (74) |
21.6 (71) |
19.5 (67) |
18.7 (66) |
19.2 (67) |
20.5 (69) |
22.5 (73) |
24.1 (75) |
24.5 (76) |
22.2 (72) |
| Hoos udhac qiyaas leh °C (°F) | 19.6 (67) |
20.0 (68) |
20.3 (69) |
19.3 (67) |
16.3 (61) |
15.2 (59) |
12.6 (55) |
14.0 (57) |
15.7 (60) |
16.4 (62) |
19.7 (67) |
19.5 (67) |
12.6 (55) |
| Roobka mm (Faro) | 485.8 | 328.7 | 186.8 | 48.8 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 15.5 | 101.9 | 198.1 | 1,375.7 |
| % Dhado | 82 | 83 | 81 | 73 | 67 | 64 | 62 | 60 | 63 | 66 | 72 | 80 | — |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 18.4 | 15.7 | 10.5 | 3.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 11.8 | 67.9 |
| Saacadaha Bilaha qorraxda | 209.0 | 184.9 | 244.8 | 269.9 | 294.9 | 282.9 | 291.5 | 303.1 | 307.0 | 319.7 | 288.2 | 227.3 | 3,223.2 |
| Source #1: NOAA (sun, 1961-1990)[6][7] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Weltwetter Spiegel Online (humidity)[8] | |||||||||||||
Waxbarashada
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]University of Mahajanga waxay ku taal xarunta Ambondrona.
Dugsiyada Faransiiska:
- Collège français Françoise-Dolto[9]
Suugaanta
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- R. J. Barendse, Arabian Seas 1700-1763: The Western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century
- Du Maine, Idée de la côte orientale de Madagascar, Paris, 1792.
Tixraac
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- ↑ Institut National de la Statistique, Madagascar
- ↑ Sipa, Masika (2013). "The Old Baobab of Mahajanga". madamagazine.com. MadaMagazine. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
- ↑ Hooper, Jane. "Feeding Globalization." Ohio University Press. 2017. Pages 40, 80, 82
- ↑ Spence, Daniel Owen (2015). A History of the Royal Navy: Empire and Imperialism. London: I.B.Tauris.
- ↑ Galibert, Didier. Les gens du pouvoir à Madagascar. Etat postcolonial, légitimités et territoire (1956-2002). Karthala. 2019. Page 392
- ↑ "Majunga/Mahajanga Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
- ↑ "Antsirabe Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
- ↑ "Wetter im Detail: Klimadaten". Spiegel Online. 2012. Retrieved on July 19, 2012.
- ↑ "Collège français Françoise-Dolto Archived Agoosto 22, 2024 // Wayback Machine." AEFE. Retrieved on May 7, 2015.
Xiriirinta dibadda
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
