Musuqmaasuqa ka jira Eritrea
Musuqmaasuqa ka jira Eritrea waa mid baahsan, iyadoo laaluush looga baahan yahay inta badan adeegyada dowladda. [1] [2] Sannadihii hore ee xornimada ka dib, Eritrea waxaa loo arkayay mid aan musuqmaasuq lahayn oo leh dhaqan xooggan oo ka dhan ah musuqmaasuqa. [3] [4] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cabbiraadaha caalamiga ah ee muhiimka ah, ayaa muujiyay hoos u dhac sii kordhaya oo ku yimid hababka ka hortagga musuqmaasuqa ee Eritrea. [5] Laga bilaabo 2024, yoolka rasmiga ah ee dowladda ee ah in la xakameeyo musuqmaasuqa si wax ku ool ah ayaa loo dayacay, shaqaalaha militariga iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ahna badanaa laguma soo oogo dacwado musuqmaasuq. [1]
Eritrea kuma biirin Heshiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee ka dhanka ah Musuqmaasuqa ama hindisayaasha kale ee caalamiga ah ee ka hortagga musuqmaasuqa. Ma jiraan hay'ado samafal oo madax-bannaan oo ku sugan Eritrea, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa baara musuqmaasuqa. Ma jiraan hay'ado dowladeed ama ilaaliyeyaal ka madax-bannaan xisbiga talada haya ee PFDJ ee Eritrea si ay musuqmaasuqa ugu soo sheegaan. [6]
Tusmada Aragtida Musuqmaasuqa ee Transparency International ee 2024 iyo 2025, Eritrea waxay heshay 13 dhibcood oo ka bilaabmaysa 0 ("aad u musuqmaasuq badan") ilaa 100 ("aad u nadiifsan"). Kuwani waa dhibcaha ugu xun ee Eritrea abid hesho tan iyo markii habka dhibcaha hadda la qaatay 2012; dhibcaha ugu fiican abid waxay ahaayeen 25 sanadkaas. Markii lagu qiimeeyay dhibcaha, Eritrea waxay gashay kaalinta 177aad ee 182 waddan ee Tusmada 2025, halkaas oo dalka lagu tiriyo inuu kaalinta koowaad ka galay qaybta dadweynaha ugu daacadsan. [7] [8] Tusmada 2025, waddamada Afrika ee ka hooseeya Saxaraha [ Note 1 ] waxay celcelis ahaan ahaayeen 32, iyadoo dhibco u dhexeeya 9 ilaa 68. Adduunka oo dhan, waddamadu waxay celcelis ahaan ahaayeen 42 sannadkii 2025, iyadoo dhibco u dhexeeya 9 ilaa 89. [9]
Asalka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Eritrea waxay xor ka noqotay Itoobiya sanadkii 1991 ka dib Dagaalkii Xorriyadda ee Eritrea, madax-bannaanideedana waxaa si rasmi ah loo ansixiyay sanadkii 1993 iyada oo loo marayo afti ay Qaramada Midoobay kormeeraysay. [10]Tobanaan sano oo dagaal ah ayaa beeray dhibaatooyin bulsho iyo dhaqaale oo badan, oo ay ku jiraan musuqmaasuq. [10]Waqtigaas, Eritrea waxay lahayd qayb gaar loo leeyahay oo daciif ah oo ay ku yar yihiin shaqaale xirfad leh. Dagaalkiilala galay Itoobiya laga bilaabo 1998 ilaa 2000 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay ayaa sii xumeeyay xasillooni darrada Eritrea. [10]
Warbixinta Bertelsmann Stiftung ee 2006 ayaa xustay in inkastoo kiisaska musuqmaasuqa tan iyo markii xorriyadda la qaatay ay jireen, haddana musuqmaasuqa ka jira Eritrea uu ahaa mid hooseeya. [11] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Tusmada Isbeddelka BTI ee Bertelsmann Stiftung ee 2024 ayaa ogaatay in musuqmaasuqu uu ku baahay maamulka rayidka iyo militariga. Waxay xustay la'aanta xorriyadaha madaniga ah, hubinta hay'adaha iyo dheelitirka, iyo hubinta kharashaadka dawladda ee Eritrea. [12]
Tixraacyada
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- 1 2 https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-dashboard?isocode=ERI&cHash=9b6f27060253a7d19624760946748a09
- ↑ http://awate.com/isaias-of-eritrea-threatens-corrupt-government-functionaries/
- ↑ http://awate.com/isaias-of-eritrea-threatens-corrupt-government-functionaries/
- ↑ "Nuqul Archive". Archived from the original on 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2026-06-10.
- ↑ "Nuqul Archive". Archived from the original on 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2026-06-10.
- ↑ https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-investment-climate-statements/eritrea/
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-U4U-13
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-U4U-13
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-U4U-13
- 1 2 3 "Nuqul Archive". Archived from the original on 2023-09-22. Retrieved 2026-06-10.
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-14
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-14