Gaarka ogaal-nafeed

Gaarka ogaal-nafeed' (Af Ingiriis : self-actualization;) waxay tilmaamaysaa hanaanka naftirka isgarashada siyaabo kala duwan, ee aragtiyada cilmi-nafsiga, sida caadiga ah, ujeedada nooluhu inuu horumariyo dhammaan fursadaha kobcintiisa. Waxa loo isticmaalaa gaar ahaan horumarinta nafta, waxayna tilmaamaysaa janjeeraadka qofka inuu naftiisa u kobciyo oo uu u horumariyo sida qof. Erayga waxa markii hore soo bandhigay dhaqanka falanqeeya Kurt Goldstein si uu u sharaxo sababta qofka inuu gaaro dhammaan awoodihiisa: "Janjeeraadka si buuxda loogu hirgeliyo waa xoogga aasaasiga ah... awoodda is-garashada." Qoraayaal muhiim u ahaa horumarinta fikraddan waxaa ka mid ah Carl Rogers, oo sidoo kale qoraa "xoogga bogsiinta ee cilmi-nafsiga—janjeeraadka aadanaha inuu is-garto, inuu noqdo awoodihiisa... inuu muujiyo oo uu dhaqaajiyo dhammaan awoodaha noolaha"; iyo Abraham Maslow.

Gaarka isgarasho ama isgarashada waa baahida ugu sareysa ee shakhsiyadeed ee bani'aadamka ee heerarka baahiyaha. Waxay mataleysaa meesha awoodda qofka si buuxda loo hirgeliyo ka dib marka baahiyaha aasaasiga ah, sida kuwa jirka iyo nafta, la daboolo. Waxaa muddo dheer loo aqoonsanaa waxbarashada cilmi-nafsiga sida heerka ugu sarreeya ee baahiyaha aadanaha, Maslow wuxuu markii dambe ku daray qaybta is-ka-saarista nafta (taas oo, si sax ah u dhigan, ka baxda baahiyaha qofka "naftiisa").

Isgarasho waxaa soo bandhigay aqoonyahanka fikradaha noolaha Kurt Goldstein si uu u sharaxo dhiirigelinta ah in qofku hirgeliyo awooddiisa buuxda: "Janjeeraadka is-garashada si buuxda loo hirgeliyo waa dhaqaaqa aasaasiga ah... dhaqaaqa is-garasho." Carl Rogers sidoo kale wuxuu ka qoray "xoogga bogsiinta ee cilmi-nafsiga – janjeeraadka aadanaha inuu is-garti, inuu noqdo awoodihiisa... inuu muujiyo oo uu dhaqaajiyo dhammaan awoodaha noolaha."^[1]

Fidinta fikradda ee Abraham Maslow

Fikradda ayaa lagu tilmaamay aragtida baahiyaha heerarka ee Abraham Maslow sida heerka ugu dambeeya ee horumarka cilmi-nafsiga ee la gaari karo marka dhammaan baahiyaha aasaasiga ah iyo kuwa maskaxeed si buuxda loo daboolo, iyo "is-garasho" dhammaan awoodaha shakhsiga uu dhaco. Maslow wuxuu qeexay is-garasho sidii "rabitaanka is-dhamaystirka, oo ah janjeeraadka inuu [qofka] hirgeliyo waxa uu yahay suurtogal ahaan. Janjeeraadkan waxaa lagu muujin karaa sida rabitaanka inuu noqdo mid sii noqda waxa uu yahay, inuu noqdo dhammaan waxa uu awood u leeyahay inuu noqdo." Maslow wuxuu isticmaalay erayga is-garasho si uu u sharaxo rabitaan, ee ma aha xoog dhaqaajin kara, kaas oo horseedi kara in qofku gaaro awoodo. Isagu ma u arkin is-garaso inay go'aamiso nolosha qofka; halkii, wuxuu aaminsanaa in ay siinayso qofka rabitaan ama dhiirigelin inuu raadiyo himilooyinka soo baxa. Isticmaalka erayga ee Maslow hadda waxaa caan ka ah cilmi-nafsiga casriga ah marka laga hadlaayo shakhsiyadda iyadoo laga eegayo habka bini’aadantinimo. Qeexitaan aasaasi ah oo ka yimid buugga jaamacadda ayaa qeexaya is-garasho sida uu Maslow u sharxay si fudud "hirgelinta buuxda ee awoodaha qofka" iyo "nafta dhabta ah."

Tixraac

↑ Koltko-Rivera, Mark. E. Rediscovering the Later Version of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Self-Transcendence and Opportunities for Theory, Research, and Unification, in: Review of General Psychology, 2006, Vol. 10, No. 4, 302–317

[1] Koltko-Rivera, Mark. E. Rediscovering the Later Version of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Self-Transcendence and Opportunities for Theory, Research, and Unification, in: Review of General Psychology, 2006, Vol. 10, No. 4, 302–317

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