U bood nuxurka

Obock

Ka Wikipedia
Obokh
Hayyú
Magaalo
Obokh is located in Djibouti
Obokh
Obokh
Goobta ay ku taal Jabuuti
Isku-duwayaasha: 11°58′N 43°17′E / 11.967°N 43.283°E / 11.967; 43.283
Waddan Jabuuti
GobolGobolka Obokh
Bedka
 • Wadarta
6 km2 (2 sq mi)
Joogga
13 m (43 ft)
Dadka
 (2024 tirakoob)[1]
 • Wadarta
20,152
 • Cufnaanta3,400/km2 (8,700/sq mi)

Obokh (sidoo kale loo yaqaan Obock, Af Carabi: أبخ, Hayyú) waa magaalo-dekadeed yar oo ku taal Jabuuti. Waxay ku taallaa xeebta waqooyi ee Gacanka Tajuura, halkaas oo ay ka furanto Gacanka Cadan. Magaaladu waxay hoy u tahay garoon diyaaradeed waxayna leedahay doonyo (ferry) aada Magaalada Jabuuti. Qaabka Faransiiska ah ee Obock wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ereyga Carabiga ah ee "Oboh", kaas oo ah qaab beddel ah oo Oboki ah, magac la siiyay waddi maxalli ah.

Taariikh

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Tuulada kalluumaysiga waxaa markii hore laga dhisay buur-dhul (plateau) ee Dala-h Húgub oo u dhow Dar'i Waddi, iyadoo guryaha qaarkood laga dhisay dhoobo, dhagax iyo Daboyta. Inta badan dadka deggan waxay nolol-maalmeedkooda ka heli jireen xanaanada xoolaha, kalluumaysiga, ganacsiga waxayna u isticmaali jireen ceel biyo la cabbo. Intii lagu jiray Dhexe-qarniyadii, Obokh waxaa xukumay Saldanaddii Ifat ka dibna Saldanaddii Adal. Suldaannadii Raheita waxay ka soo farcameen Saldanaddii Adal. Inkasta oo ay magac ahaan ka mid ahayd Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta tan iyo 1554, intii u dhaxaysay 1821 iyo 1841, Muhammad Ali, Baashaha Masar, wuxuu gacanta ku dhigay Yemen iyo Eritrea-da casriga ah, iyo sheegashooyin ku aaddan Itoobiya ilaa Harar.[2] Sannadkii 1884, taliyihii markabka ilaalada ee L’Inferent, oo ahaa markab Faransiis ah, wuxuu xaqiijiyay joogitaanka Masar ee aagga ku hareeraysan Obokh. Taliyihii markabka ilaalada ee Le Vaudreuil ayaa sidoo kale soo weriyay in Masriyiintu ay qabsadeen gudaha u dhexeeya Obokh iyo Tajuura.[3] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiiq ahaan, Masar waxay lahayd awood yar oo ay ku maamusho gudaha dalka, muddadii ay xukumeen xeebaha waxay ahayd mid kooban, iyadoo socotay dhowr sano oo keliya ka hor inta aan la soo saarin ciidammadii Masar aagga sannadkii 1862.

Somaliland Faransiiska

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Muuqaal guud ee Obokh sannadkii 1882 iyadoo warshaddii ugu horreysay ee Faransiiska ay dhinaca bidix ka muuqato

Intii lagu jiray Tartankii Afrika, xiisaha sii kordhaya ee Faransiiska ee aagga wuxuu dhacay iyadoo ay jirtay firfircooni British ah oo ka socotay Masar iyo furitaanka Kanaalka Suez sannadkii 1869. Intii u dhaxaysay 1883 iyo 1887, Faransiisku waxay saxiixeen heshiisyo kala duwan oo lala galay Soomaalida iyo Canfarta Saldanadaha markaas talinayay, taas oo u oggolaatay inay ballaariyaan xukunka si loogu daro Gacanka Tajuura.[4] Obokh waxay markii hore muhiim u ahayd goob ahaan gumeysigii ugu horreeyay ee Faransiiska ee gobolka, kaas oo lagu aasaasay heshiis lala galay dadka maxalliga ah ee Canfarta 11 Maarso 1862.[5] Faransiisku waxay xiisaynayeen inay yeeshaan xarun dhuxusha loogu shubo maraakiibta uumiga, taas oo noqonaysa mid aad muhiim u ah marka la furo Kanaalka Suez sannadkii 1869. (Ilaa wakhtigaas maraakiibta Faransiiska waxay ahayd inay dhuxul ka iibsadaan dekadda British-ka ee Cadan ee ka soo horjeeda gacanka, taas oo ahayd ku-tiirsanaan aan caqli gal ahayn haddii ay dhacdo dagaal.)

Degelka ganacsatada Faransiiska iyo xarunta dhuxusha badhtamihii 1880-meeyadii.

Goobta ma aysan noqon mid la degan yahay, kaliya waxaa soo booqan jiray maraakiibta qaybaha badda ee loo qoondeeyay Badweynta Hindiya, ilaa laga rakibay ganacsade Pierre Arnoux sannadkii 1881, oo ay ku xigtay Paul Soleillet. Obokh waxay noqotay gumeysi dhab ah sannadkii 1884 markii uu yimid bishii Agoosto Léonce Lagarde, kaas oo aasaasay maamul oo ballaariyay hantida Faransiiska ee Gacanka Tajuura, iyadoo la samaynayo Dhulka Obokh iyo dhismayaasha ku hareeraysan, Obokhna laga dhigay caasimaddeeda. Sannadkii 1885, Obokh waxay lahayd 800 oo qof iyo iskuul. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meesha la dhigto maraakiibta waxay ahayd mid aad u soo gaadhaysa dabaysha marka loo eego goobta Jabuuti ee dhinaca koonfureed ee Gacanka Tajuura, maamulkii gumeysiguna wuxuu u guuray halkaas sannadkii 1894. Dadka Obokh deggan waxay dabadeed hoos u dhaceen.[6]

Muuqaal guud ee Obokh sannadkii 1920.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa qabsashadii Faransiiska ee Tajuura sannadkii 1927, Obokh waxay ahayd meesha keliya ee ku taal xeebta waqooyi ee Gacanka Tajuura oo leh xafiis maamul oo gumeysi. Waxay noqotay caasimadda Degmada Dankali sannadkii 1914, ka dibna jagada maamul laga soo bilaabo 1927 taas oo lagu daray "Goobada Adaels" sannadkii 1929. Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Talyaaniga ku dhawaaqista dagaal ee Faransiiska iyo Biritayn waxay timid 10 Juun 1940, iyadoo qaaday falal gardarro ah oo bilaabmay 18 Juun.[7] Laga soo bilaabo Gobolka Harar, ciidamo uu hoggaaminayo Jeneraal Guglielmo Nasi ayaa loo diray inay weeraraan Somaliland-ta Faransiiska. Waxaa jiray isku-dhacyo yar yar. Markii maamulka Vichy ee Faransiiska 10 Luulyo ay ogaadeen in hub ka dhigista aan weli laga dhaqan-gelin Somaliland-ta Faransiiska, Madaxweyne Philippe Pétain wuxuu diray Jeneraal Gaëtan Germain oo ah wakiilkiisa gaarka ah si uu u saxo xaaladda. Wada-xaajoodyadii ka dhacay Dewele, Bariga Afrika ee Talyaaniga ee ku saabsan hirgelinta hub ka dhigista ayaa ugu dambeyntii la dhammaystiray 8 Agoosto.[8] Wakhtigaas, weerarkii Biritayn ee ka dhanka ahaa Talyaaniga wuxuu adkeeyay go'doominta Somaliland-ta Faransiiska. Macluul ayaa timid iyo cudurro la xiriira nafaqo-xumo waxay qaateen nolosha dad badan, 70% iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen dumar iyo carruur. Dad badan oo magaalada degganaa waxay u guureen dhulka gudaha. Dadka maxalliga ah waxay go'doominta u bixiyeen carmii, erey loo isticmaalo nooc ka mid ah hadhuudhka oo caadi ahaan loogu talagalay xoolaha, kaas oo loo isticmaalay cunto aadanaha xilligii ugu sarreysay macluusha. Obokh waxay noqotay caasimadda goobo mas'uul ka ahayd dib-u-soo-saarka gumeysiga intii lagu jiray go'doominta Xulufada laga soo bilaabo 1941 ilaa 1943. Kaliya dhowr doonyood oo Arab ah (boutres) ayaa ku guuleystay inay ka baxsadaan go'doominta ilaa Jabuuti iyo Obokh iyo laba kaliya oo markab Faransiis ah oo ka yimid Madagaskar ayaa ku guuleystay inay ka gudbaan. Ku-dhawaaqista dagaalka ee Japan ee ka dhanka ah Xulufada (7 Disembar 1941) waxay siisay gumeysiga xoogaa nasasho ah, maadaama Biritayn lagu qasbay inay ka saaraan dhammaan maraakiibta marka laga reebo laba ka mid ah go'doominta si loogu isticmaalo Bariga Fog.

Taliyaha Guud ee Bariga Afrika, William Platt, wuxuu koodh u bixiyay wada-xaajoodyadii isu-dhiibista ee Somaliland-ta Faransiiska "Pentagon", sababtoo ah waxaa jiray shan dhinac: isaga, badhasaabka Vichy, Faransiiska Xorta ah, wasiirka Biritayn ee Addis Ababa iyo Mareykanka. Christian Raimond Dupont wuu is-dhiibay ciidammadii Colonel Raynal-na waxay dib ugu soo gudbeen Somaliland-ta Faransiiska 26 Disembar 1942, iyagoo dhammaystiray xorreyntooda. Wareejintii rasmiga ahayd waxay dhacday saacadda 10:00 p.m. 28 Disembar.[9] Badhasaabkii ugu horreeyay ee la magacaabo ee ka hooseeya Faransiiska Xorta ah wuxuu ahaa André Bayardelle. Guuto maxalli ah oo ka socota Somaliland-ta Faransiiska waxay ka qaybqaadatay Xorreyntii Paris 1944. Sannadkii 1963, goobada Obokh waxaa la abuuray iyadoo loo qaybiyay tii gobolka Tajuura.

Jabuuti

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Afar iyo Issa afti-u-qaadiddii saddexaad ee madax-bannaanida waxaa lagu qabtay Dhulka Faransiiska ee Canfarta iyo Issa 8 May 1977. Afti-u-qaadiddii hore waxaa la qabtay 1958 iyo 1967,[10] taas oo diidday madax-bannaanida. Afti-u-qaadiddan waxay taageertay madax-bannaanida Faransiiska.[11] In ka badan 98.8% dadka codka dhiibtay waxay taageereen ka go'itaanka Faransiiska, taas oo si rasmi ah u calaamadeysay madax-bannaanida Jabuuti. Obokh waxaa laga filayaa inay noqoto goobta saldhigga badda ee Shiinaha ee Jabuuti.[12][13]

Obokh waxay noqotay meel muhiim ah oo loo maro tahriibka sharci-darrada ah ee ka imanaya Itoobiya ilaa Sacuudi Carabiya, iyadoo ah goobta ay tahriibiyayaashu ku qaadaan dadka tahriibayaasha ah doonyo ilaa Yemen.[14]

Dadweynaha

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Sida uu dhigayo tirakoobka 2024, tirada dadka Obokh waxay ahayd 20,152.[1] Dadka magaalada deggan waxay ka tirsan yihiin kooxo qowmiyadeed oo kala duwan oo badankood ku hadla luuqadaha Afro-Aasiya. Canfarta iyo Soomaalida (qabiilka Ciisaha) ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan.

Shaabadaha boostada

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Intii lagu jiray waqtigeedii gumeysi ee Faransiiska, Obokh waxay soo saartay shaabado boosta u gaar ah; wixii faahfaahin dheeraad ah ka eeg Shaabadaha boostada iyo taariikhda boostada ee Obokh.

Dulmar

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Obokh waxay ku xiran tahay meelo kale oo ku hareeraysan RN-14 Waddada Qaran. Socdaalka doonta (ferry) ee laga raaco Magaalada Jabuuti ilaa Obokh waxay qaadataa saddex saacadood; masaafadu waa 237 km (147 mi).

Cimilada iyo juquraafiga

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Obokh waxay leedahay cimilo engegan. Waxaa loo kala saaray kuleyl iyo bar-engegan (Köppen kala soocidda cimilada BSh). Obokh waxay 13 m ka sarreysaa heerka badda ee buur-dhulka Gazelles ("Dala-h Húgub ee Canfar") ee dhul cidlada ah. Cirku waa mid had iyo jeer cad oo dhalaalaya sannadka oo dhan.[15]

Faahfaahin Cimilada Obokh
Bilaha Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sanad
Kuleel aan darnayn °C (°F) 28.9
(84)		 29.0
(84)		 30.8
(87)		 32.8
(91)		 35.4
(96)		 38.6
(100)		 41.0
(110)		 39.9
(100)		 37.0
(99)		 33.8
(93)		 31.0
(88)		 29.7
(85)		 33.99
(93)
Hoos udhaca kuleelka °C (°F) 22.3
(72)		 23.3
(74)		 24.6
(76)		 26.0
(79)		 28.2
(83)		 30.7
(87)		 30.8
(87)		 30.1
(86)		 30.0
(86)		 26.4
(80)		 24.2
(76)		 22.7
(73)		 26.61
(80)
Roobka mm (Faro) 4 6 16 4 7 0 5 6 3 5 14 10 80
Source #1: Climate-Data.org, joogga: 13m[15]
Source #2: Levoyageur[16]

Biyaha guga ee xeebaha hoose waxay leeyihiin awood juquraafi kulayl oo xiiso leh (oo leh heerkul qoto dheer oo qiyaastii 200 °C ah).[17]

Dadka caanka ah

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Tixraacyo

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. 1 2 "Obock (City, Djibouti) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
  2. ↑ "French Somali coast Timeline". Archived from the original on 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
  3. ↑ E. H. M. Clifford, "The British Somaliland-Ethiopia Boundary", Geographical Journal, 87 (1936), p. 289.
  4. ↑ Raph Uwechue, Africa year book and who's who, (Africa Journal Ltd.: 1977), p. 209.
  5. ↑ Scott's monthly stamp journal. 1 January 1982. p. 5. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
  6. ↑ " "Obok". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th) 19. (1911). Cambridge University Press. 
  7. ↑ Thompson & Adloff 1968, p. 16.
  8. ↑ Rovighi 1995, p. 109.
  9. ↑ Imbert-Vier 2008, p. 172.
  10. ↑ Kevin Shillington, Encyclopedia of African history, (CRC Press: 2005), p.360.
  11. ↑ Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p. 322 ISBN 0-19-829645-2
  12. ↑ Panda, Ankit (February 29, 2016). "Confirmed: Construction Begins on China's First Overseas Military Base in Djibouti". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on May 14, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Defense Ministry's regular press conference on Feb.25". Wasaaradda Difaaca Qaranka. February 15, 2016. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017.
  14. ↑ "The deadly journey to the Gulf". The Economist. 13 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  15. 1 2 "Climate: Dikhil - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  16. ↑ "DJIBOUTI - OBOCK : Climate, weather, temperatures". Levoyageur. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  17. ↑ Awaleh, Mohamed Osman; Hoch, Farhan Bouraleh; Kadieh, Ibrahim Houssein; Soubaneh, Youssouf Djbril; Egueh, Nima Moussa; Jalludin, Mohamed; Boschetti, Tiziano (2015). "The geothermal resources of the Republic of Djibouti — I: Hydrogeochemistry of the Obock coastal hot springs". Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 152: 54–66. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.02.001.

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[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
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