Webiga Atbarah
| Webiga Atbara | |
|---|---|
 Mashiinka Korontada ee Biyo-xireenka Sare ee Atbara iyo Setit | |
 Bassin-ka Webiga Atbara | |
| Wadamada | |
| Baasin | |
| Afka Wabiga | Wuxuu ku shubaa Niil |
| Baaxadda Basinka Biyaha | 69,000 square kilometres (27,000 sq mi) |
| Astaamaha Jirka | |
| Dhererka | 805 kilometres (500 mi) |
| Socodka Biyaha |
|
Webiga Atbara (Af Carabi: نهر عطبرة; carabidda: Nahr 'Atbarah), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Niilka Cas iyo / ama Niilka Madow, waa wabi ku yaal waqooyi-bari Afrika. Waxa uu ka soo askumaa waqooyi-galbeed Itoobiya, qiyaastii 50 km waqooyiga Harada Tana iyo 30 km galbeedka Gondar. Waxa uu markaa u qulqulaa qiyaastii 805 km (500 mi) ilaa Niil ee waqooyi-dhexe Suudaan, isagoo ku biira magaalada Atbara (17°40′37″N 33°58′12″E / 17.677°N 33.970°E). Wabi laamoodka wabiga, Tekezé (Setit), ayaa laga yaabaa inuu yahay koorsada sare ee dhabta ah ee Atbara, maadaama Tekezé uu raaco koorsada dheer ka hor isku darka labada wabi (at 14° 10' N, 36° E) ee waqooyi-bari Suudaan. Atbara waa wabi laamoodkii ugu dambeeyay ee Niil ka hor inta uusan gaarin Bada Dhexe.
Inta badan sannadka, waa wabi yar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xilliga roobka (guud ahaan Luulyo ilaa Oktoobar), Atbara wuxuu kor u kacaa qiyaastii 18 ft (5 m) heerkiisa caadiga ah. Waqtigan, wuxuu sameeyaa caqabad aad u weyn oo u dhaxaysa degmooyinka waqooyi iyo dhexe ee Gobolka Amxaarada ee Itoobiya. Marka laga reebo Tekezé, wabi laamoodyo kale oo muhiim ah oo Atbara ka mid ah waxaa ka mid ah Webiga Shinfa oo ka soo askuma galbeedka Harada Tana, iyo Greater Angereb kaas oo ishiisu tahay waqooyiga magaalada Gondar.
Taariikh
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Xusitaankii ugu horreeyay ee badbaaday ee Atbara waa kii Strabo (16.4.8), kaas oo wabiga ugu yeeray Astaboras (Greek: Ασταβόρας).[1] Qorayaashii kale ee qadiimiga ah ee xusay magaca waxaa ka mid ah Agatharchides, kaas oo ugu yeeray Astabaras (Greek: Ασταβάρας),[1] iyo Ptolemy (Juqraafiga 4.7).[2] Richard Pankhurst iyo kuwa kale ayaa ku dooday in magaca loo fahmo "Webiga dadka Boras", halkaas oo asta lala xiriirin karo Proto-Nubian asti "biyo",[1] halka -boras lagu xiriirin karo tiro ka mid ah tilmaamaha Roomaanka ee qabiil la yiraahdo Bora (Bera), oo ku noolaa meel u dhow Meroe,[3] iyo qabiil kale oo la yiraahdo Megabares (Greek: Μεγάβαροι ee Eratosthenes iyo Strabo, Af Laatiin: Megabarri ee Pliny kan Weyn).[1] Pliny kan Weyn wuxuu bixiyaa etymology xoogaa ka duwan oo Astaboras ah, isagoo sheegaya in "luqadda dadka maxalliga ah" magacu ka dhigan yahay "biyo ka imanaya hadhka hoose" (N.H. 5.10).
Abriil 1898 dagaal weyn ayaa ka dhacay wabiga agtiisa intii lagu jiray duullaankii Anglo-Masar ee Suudaan 1896–1899 ee u dhexeeyay ciidamada Mahdist iyo Ciidanka Anglo-Masar oo uu hoggaaminayo Lord Kitchener, taas oo keentay burburinta qaybta Mahdist ee 20,000-qof.[4]
1964, wabiga waxaa lagu xiray Biyo-xireenka Khashm el-Girba meel u dhow Kassala ee Suudaan si loogu bixiyo waraab magaalada cusub ee la dhisay ee Halfa Dughaym ee gobol qallalan iyo in dib loo dejiyo dadka Suudaan ee ay eryeen Biyo-xireenka Aswan (Sad al-Aali) ee Masar, kaas oo fatahay 500 km oo ka mid ah Dooxada Niil ee koonfurta Masar iyo waqooyiga Suudaan.[5]
Dhismaha mashruuca mataanaha ah ee biyo-xireenka oo dhan $1.9 bilyan qiyaastii 20 km dhanka sare ee isku darka wabiyada Sare ee Atbara iyo Setit, Biyo-xireennada Rumela iyo Burdana, ayaa bilaabmay 2011 waxaana furay Madaxweyne Omar al-Bashir bishii Febraayo 2017.[6]
Hydrology
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah (1912–1982) ee Atbara oo la cabbiray qiyaastii 25 km dhanka sare ee afkiisa, oo lagu cabbiray m3/s:[7]
Sidoo kale eeg
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Tixraacyo
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- 1 2 3 4 Claude Rilly, Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique, Peeters, Louvain 2010, p. 179
- ↑ "LacusCurtius • Ptolemy's Geography — Book IV, Chapter 7". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-10.
- ↑ Richard Pankhurst, The Ethiopian Borderlands (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 27
- ↑ Winston Churchill (1899). The River War Volume 1. Longmans. p. 416 Chapter XIII.
- ↑ Hurni, Hans; Tato, Kebede; Zeleke, Gete (May 2005). "The Implications of Changes in Population, Land Use, and Land Management for Surface Runoff in the Upper Nile Basin Area of Ethiopia". Mountain Research and Development. 25 (2): 147–154. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0147:tiocip]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0276-4741.
- ↑ Gregory B. Poindexter (2 February 2017). "Sudan inaugurates US$1.9 billion Upper Atbara and Setit Dam hydropower project". HydroWorld. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ↑ "Nile - Kilo 3". University of New Hampshire. 2000-02-26.
Xiriirinta dibadda
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
- Khariidadaha Itoobiya - Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection, University of Texas