U bood nuxurka

Webiga Corubal

Ka Wikipedia

Corubal, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Rio Corubal ama Tomine, waa wabi ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika, kana mid ah qulqulka ugu weyn ee Webiga Geba. Masaafad gaaban, wuxuu sameeyaa xudduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhaxaysa Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau. Wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan qiyaastii 560 kilometres (350 mi).

Corubal
Khariidadda Senegal, Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau oo ay ku muuqato aagga biyo-qabashada ee Geba (cagaar khafiif ah)
Waddamada
Baasin
Ilaha Ugu MuhiimsanFouta Djallon, Guinea
Afka WabigaCanal do Geba, Guinea-Bissau
Nidaamka WabigaWebiga Corubal
Baaxadda Basinka Biyaha24,399.9 km2 (9,420.9 sq mi)[1]
Astaamaha Jirka
Dhererka561 km (349 mi)[1]
Socodka Biyaha
  • Location:
    Meel u dhow afka
  • Average rate:
    (Xilligii: 1979–2015) 17.52 km3/a (555 m3/s)[2]

(Xilligii: 1971–2000) 330.7 m3/s (11,680 cu ft/s)[1]

Socodka Biyaha
(location 2)
  • Location:
    Saltinho [de] (Bedka biyo-mareenka: 23,840 km2 (9,200 sq mi)
  • Minimum rate:
    5.4 m3/s (190 cu ft/s)[3]
  • Average rate:
    (Xilligii: 1977–1994)304 m3/s (10,700 cu ft/s)[3]
  • Maximum rate:
    1,600 m3/s (57,000 cu ft/s)[3]
Astaamaha
Laamo Wabi
  • Left:
    Tomine, Feline
  • Right:
    Koumba

Taariikh

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Corubal wuxuu sameeyay xudduudda u dhaxaysa Kaabu iyo Imamate of Futa Jallon dhammaadkii qarnigii 18-aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 19-aad.[4]

Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Gumeysiga ee Bortuqiiska bishii Febraayo 1969, ciidankii Bortuqiiska, iyagoo ka gurmanaya dhulalkii ku yaallay Madina do Boe, waxay waayeen 47 askari oo ku qarqoomay markii doonidoodii xamuulka badnayd ay hal dhinac u gaddoomtay intii ay ka gudbayeen Corubal. Dhacdadan waxaa loo yaqaan Cheche Disaster.[5]

Heshiis

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Heshiis maamuus ah oo loo yaqaan "Corubal River Agreement" ayaa la saxiixay 21 Oktoobar 1978 magaalada Conakry oo ay kala saxiixdeen Jamhuuriyadda Guinea iyo Jamhuuriyadda Guinea Bissau si loo horumariyo loona maareeyo Webiga Kaliba-Koribal; Webiga Corubal waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan Kaliba. "Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Gambie" (OMVG) oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Ururka Horumarinta Biyo-mareenka Webiga Gambia" ayaa sidoo kale lagu heshiiyay in la aasaaso si loo darso loona horumariyo qorshayaasha maareynta ee mashaariicda Webiga Gambia, Webiga Geba iyo Webiga Corubal ee loogu talagalay korontada, waraabka, xakameynta fatahaadaha, socdaalka, tayada biyaha iyo kaabayaasha.[6][7] Heshiisku wuxuu kaloo aqoonsaday aagga guud ee biyo-mareenka ee Webiga Corubal oo dhan 24000 km2 iyadoo 17500 km2 (72.71%) ay ku yaallaan Guinea iyo inta kale oo ah 27.02% ay ku yaallaan Guinea Bissau.[8] OMVG waxay darseen afar goobood oo horumarin ah oo loogu talagalay mashaariicda korontada biyaha. Mashaariicdu waa, Sambangalou ee Webiga Gambia, mashaariicda Fello Sounga iyo Saltinho ee Webiga Koliba/Corubal, iyo Mashruuca Gaoual ee Webiga Géba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heshiiska guud ma laha wax xeerar ah oo la taaban karo oo nidaaminaya iskaashiga u dhexeeya Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau. Sidaa darteed waxaa la soo jeediyay in loo noqdo "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses" oo ah aalad caalami ah, oo la qaatay 1997, si kor loogu qaado horumarinta caddaaladda ah iyo waara iyo maaraynta biyo-mareenada ay wadaagaan laba ama in ka badan oo dawladood. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo qodobbada heshiiskan, heshiiska hadda jira ee u dhexeeya labada dawladood ee biyo-mareenka ah ee ku saabsan horumarinta Webiga Corubal wuxuu u baahan doonaa in la ballaariyo iyadoo la samaynayo qodobo gaar ah oo "wargelinaya oo hagaya iskaashiga, iyo sidoo kale bixinta guddiga farsamada hage sharci ah si si wanaagsan loo fuliyo hawlihiisa."[9]

Juqraafiga

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Kola nut loo isticmaalo in lagu beddelo dahab

Wuxuu ka soo kiciyaa meel u dhow Labe ee buuraleyda Fouta Djallon ee Guinea wuxuuna guud ahaan u qulqulaa dhanka bari-galbeed. Webiga Bentala waa qulqulka sare.[10][11] Wuxuu soo galaa Guinea-Bissau xudduudkiisa bari, ka dibna wuxuu u wareegaa guud ahaan koonfur-galbeed, isagoo u dhow xudduudka Guinea-Bissauan, ka dibna wuxuu u leexdaa waqooyi-galbeed, wuxuu maraa Xitole, ka dibna wuxuu ku shubmaa dhamaadka sare ee Geba estuary, qiyaastii 50 kilometres (31 mi) kor u qaadista magaalada Bissau. Masaafad gaaban, wuxuu sameeyaa xudduudda caalamiga ah ee u dhaxaysa Guinea iyo Guinea-Bissau. Wuxuu u qulqulaa inta u dhaxaysa xudduudda koonfureed ee Bafatá iyo gobollada Quinará iyo Tombali.[12] Waa mid la mari karo oo ilaa magaalada Bafatá.[11] Socdaalka Webiyada Corubal iyo Geba waxay kaloo u dhaqmeen sidii Biofada’s Mandavan dariiqyada karawaannada si ay u qaadaan milix iyo kola goosashada si loogu beddelo ganacsi dahab ah, ilaa koonfurta Koya ee Cape Mount Area.[13] Biafada waa dhulka sare ee isku-xirka ee bangiga waqooyi ee Webiga Corubal iyo estuary-ga waa qiyaastii 10 km ballac ahaan marka ay labada wabi isku xirmaan.[13]

Haydrometri

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Qulqulka wabiga waxaa la arkayay 18 sano (1977-1994) magaalada Saltinho, oo ku taal 200 kiiloomitir badda. Saldhigga Saltinho amont, qulqulka celceliska sannadlaha ah ee la arkay intii lagu jiray muddadaas wuxuu ahaa 304 m3/s ee aagga biyo-qabashada oo daboolaya 23,840 km2, in ka badan 90% dhammaan biyo-mareenka wabiga. Qoto-dheeraanta qulqulka waxay gaartay 404 mm/sannadkii, taas oo loo tixgelin karo mid sarreeya.[14]

Rio Corubal wuxuu leeyahay qulqul sarreeya laakiin aad u qallafsan. Celceliska qulqulka bishiiba ee la arkay bishii Maajo (ugu yar) waa kaliya 8 m3/s, in ka badan 140 jeer ka yar celceliska bisha Sebtembar, markaas oo qulqulka uu ugu sarreeyo. Kala duwanaanshaha xilliyeedka ayaa sidaas darteed aad u sarreeya, taas oo muujinaysa qallafsanaan weyn. Muddo 18 sano ah oo la daawanayay, qulqulka bilaha ugu yar wuxuu ahaa 5.4 m3/ s, halka kan ugu sarreeyana uu ahaa 1,600 m3/s.[14]

Dhirta

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Qaybaha hoose ee labada wabi, bangiyada waxay leeyihiin kaymo Mangrove iyo dhulal marshy, kuwaas oo sidoo kale ay ku dhaceen kaneecada anopheles. Qaybaha sare ee wabiga biyo-mareenku wuxuu leeyahay savanna woodland.[13]

Dhirta xayawaanka

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Inta badan dadka antelope ee Guinea-Bissau waxay ku yaallaan aagga Webiga Corubal-Dulombi.[15] Hippopotamus waxay samaystaan dad gooni ah.[16]

Tixraac

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. 1 2 3 "North Africa-West Coast".
  2. ↑ "River Basins". {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help); Text "http://twap-rivers.org/indicators" ignored (help)
  3. 1 2 3 "GHAASBasin437 Basin, Station: Saltinho amont", UNH/GRDC. La helay 29 Janaayo 2013.
  4. ↑ Mane, Mamadou. Le Kaabu (XIIIe-XIXe siècle), Une des grandes entités historiques de l’espace mandingue de Sénégambie. Retrieved 3 Maarso 2026.
  5. ↑ "Desastre de Cheche: 'Dignificar morte' de antigos combatentes". CiênciaHoje (in Ingiriisi). 2026. Retrieved 14 Juun 2026.
  6. ↑ Hydropolitical Vulnerability And Resilience Along International Waters: Africa. UNEP/Earthprint. 2005. pp. 92–. ISBN 978-92-807-2575-9. Retrieved 3 Janaayo 2013. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  7. ↑ Shlomi Dinar (2008). International Water Treaties: Negotiation and Cooperation Along Transboundary Rivers. Psychology Press. pp. 247–. ISBN 978-0-415-77208-2. Retrieved 3 Janaayo 2013. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  8. ↑ "Appendix 1 International Freshwater Agreements, River Basin organizations, and River Basin Commissions of Africa" (PDF). Corubal. UNEP Africa. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2015-01-10. Retrieved 31 Janaayo 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  9. ↑ "UN Watercourses Convention: Applicability And Relevance In West Africa" (pdf). International Water Law organization. Retrieved 31 Janaayo 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  10. ↑ Brooks, George E. (7 Disembar 2010). Western Africa and Cabo Verde, 1790s-1830s: Symbiosis of Slave and Legitimate Trades. AuthorHouse. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-4520-8871-6. Retrieved 28 Janaayo 2013. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  11. 1 2 "Corubal River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 31 Janaayo 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  12. ↑ "Corubal River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 28 Janaayo 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  13. 1 2 3 George E. Brooks (2003). Eurafricans in Western Africa: Commerce, Social Status, Gender, and Religious Observance from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Ohio University Press. pp. 40–. ISBN 978-0-85255-489-0. Retrieved 3 Janaayo 2013. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  14. 1 2 "GHAASBasin437 - Saltinho amont". www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu. Retrieved 14 Juun 2026.
  15. ↑ East, Rod (1999). African Antelope Database 1998. IUCN. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-2-8317-0477-7. Retrieved 29 Janaayo 2013. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  16. ↑ Eltringham, S.K. (31 Janaayo 2010). The Hippos. A&C Black. pp. 139–. ISBN 978-1-4081-2868-8. Retrieved 29 Janaayo 2013. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
Waxaa laga keenay "https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Webiga_Corubal&oldid=302032"