Webiga Draa
| Webiga Draa وادي درعة (Af-Carabi) | |
|---|---|
 | |
.png) Koorsaha Draa Template:Dl | |
 | |
| Magaca Hooyo | وادي درعة (Af-Carabi) |
| Waddamada | |
| Baasin | |
| Socodka Wabiga | Koonfur-bari |
| Astaamaha Jirka | |
| Dhererka | 1100km |
| Astaamaha | |
| Magac rasmiga ah | Embouchure de l'oued Dr'a |
| La magacaabay | 15 Janaayo 2005 |
| Tixraac no. | 1477[1] |
| Magac rasmiga ah | Moyenne Dr'a |
| La magacaabay | 15 Janaayo 2005 |
| Tixraac no. | 1482[2] |
Draa (Af Carabi: وادي درعة, romanized: wādī dar'a; sidoo kale loo higgaadiyo Dra ama Drâa, ilo hore badanaaba Darha ama Dara) waa webiga ugu dheer Marooko, dhererkiisu waa 1,100 kilometres (680 mi). Waxaa sameeyay isku biiridda Webiga Dadès iyo Webiga Imini. Waxa uu ka qulqulaa buuraha High Atlas, bilowgii dhanka koonfur-bari ilaa Tagounite, laga bilaabo Tagounite badanaaba dhanka galbeed ilaa afkiisa ee Badweynta Atlaantik wax yar waqooyi ka xigta Tan-Tan. Sanadkii 1971, xireenka Mansour Eddahabi ayaa la dhisay si loogu adeego caasimadda gobolka Ouarzazate iyo in la nidaamiyo qulqulka Draa. Inta badan sanadka qaybta Draa ee ka dambeysa Tagounite waa mid qallalan.
Qaybtii hore ee qarnigii 20-aad, koorsada ugu hooseysa ee Draa waxay calaamadisay xadka u dhexeeya ilaalinta Faransiiska ee Marooko iyo aagga ku hoos jira xukunka Isbaanishka.
Dooxadu waxay ka kooban tahay Fezouata formations, kuwaas oo ah dhigaallo nooca Burgess shale ah oo taariikhaysan ilaa Ordovician-ka hoose, kuwaas oo buuxinaya daaqad muhiim ah oo ilaalin ah oo u dhexeeya Cambrian-ka caadiga ah ee lagerstätten iyo Soom shale-ka Ordovician-ka dambe.[3] Xayawaannada la qadiimiyay waxaa ka mid ahaa nooleyaal badan oo hore loo mooday inay dabar-go'een ka dib bartamihii Cambrian.[4]
Taariikh
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Template:Undue weight Template:Expand section
Taariikh hore
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Deganaanshaha aadanaha ee dooxada Draa iyo buuraha ku dhow waxay dib ugu noqonayaan ugu yaraan Paleolithic-ga hoose, sida ay caddaynayaan qalabka Oldowan iyo Acheulean ee laga helay meel u dhow Tamegroute. Goobaha Paleolithic-ga dhexe ayaa ku baahsan.[5]
Farshaxanka dhagaxa ee xilligii Neolithic waxaa laga heli karaa guud ahaan dooxada Draa, iyadoo lagu sawirayo muuqaallada ugaarsiga iyo sidoo kale xoolaha la dhaqdo.[6] Taariikhda goobahan waa mid aan la hubin, laakiin kuwa ugu da'da weyn waxay laga yaabaa inay dib ugu noqdaan kun-sanaadkii 3-aad ee BCE.[7]
Kahor 1054
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Webiga Draa wuxuu sidoo kale si fiican u ogaa Roomaankii qadiimiga ahaa. Waxay ku soo baxaysaa khariidaddii ugu horreysay ee adduunka taariikhda oo ay sameeyeen Ptolemy (90–168 AD).
Wattasids
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Intii lagu jiray xukunka Wattasid Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Askia Ishaq I ee Boqortooyada Songhai wuxuu u diray Tuareg weeraryahanno dooxada Draa si ay uga aarsadaan aflagaaddo diblomaasiyadeed halkaas oo Marooko ay dalbatay in la wareejiyo macdanta cusbada ee qiimaha leh ee Taghaza.[8]
Saadi
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Alaouites
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Afar ka mid ah wiilasha Ismail Ibn Sharif ayaa ahaa khalifa ee Draa:
- Mulay Muhammad as-Sharif bin Ismail as-Samin. Khalifa ee Draa 1703.
- Mulay 'Abdu'l-Malik bin Ismail as-Samin. Khalifa ee Draa. Waxaa loo dilay shirqool ka dhan ah aabbihiis, 1696.
- Mulay Nasir bin Ismail as-Samin. Khalifa ee Draa 1702–1703, iyo ee Tafilalt. Kacaan 1711–1712. Waxaa la dilay 1714.
- H.M. Sultan 'Abu Marwan Mulay 'Abdu'l Malik, Sultan ee Marooko, iwm. Khalifa ee Draa 1701–1703, iyo ee Sus 1717–1718. Lagu dhawaaqay Sultan markii xilka laga qaaday walaalkiis 13 Maarso 1728. Xilka looga qaaday Meknes 18 Luulyo 1728. Waxaa la dilay 2 Maarso 1729.
Luqad
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Laba luqadood ayaa lagaga hadlaa aagga: nooc maxalli ah oo Carabi ah oo si dhow ula xiriirta Hassaniya, iyo Shilha ama Tashelhiyt, oo ah luqad Berber ah.
Oases
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Dooxada Webiga Draa ee Sare, oo dhererkeedu yahay 200 kilometres (120 mi), waxay ka kooban tahay lix qaybood oo oases/berkedo timireed ah oo ka yimaada waqooyi ilaa koonfur:
- Oasaska Mezguita, oo leh Agdz iyo Auriz iyo koonfurta Tamsikht dam
- Oasaska Tinzouline, oo leh Ouled Lagraier, Tinzouline, Ouled Yaoub iyo xireen koonfurta ah
- Oasaska Ternata oo leh Zagora
- Oasaska Fezouata oo leh Tamegroute iyo koonfurta Azagha dam
- Oasaska Ktaoua (Ingiriisi Ktawa) oo leh Tagounite, Blida, Tiraf iyo Bounou dam oo koonfurta ah
- Oasaska Mhamid el Ghuzlan oo leh Mhamid el Ghuzlan
Ksour
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]ee Mezguita
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
|
|
|
ee Tinzouline
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
|
|
|
ee Ternata
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
|
|
|
ee Fezouata
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
|
|
|
ee Ktaoua/Ktwawa
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Tani waa qaybta koonfureed ee dooxada u dhaxaysa Azagha iyo xireenka Bounou meel u dhow Tagounite. Waxaa jira 55 tuulo, inta badan ka kooban ksour (jamaca ksar):
|
|
|
Source : Recensement général du Maroc, 1994 (Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat (RGPH, Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc (HCP), septembre 1994)).
Sahmin
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Draa waxay soo jiidatay dareenka dad badan oo sahamiyeyaal caan ah oo ay ku jiraan Faransiiska Charles de Foucauld oo u safray Marooko isagoo iska dhigaya ganacsade Yuhuudi ah qarnigii 1800-aad, iyo Jeffrey Tayler oo qoray buug ku saabsan waayo-aragnimadiisa.
Xusuusin
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- ↑ "Embouchure de l'oued Dr'a". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Archived from the original on 30 May 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ↑ "Moyenne Dr'a". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ↑ Van Roy, P.; Orr, P. J.; Botting, J. P.; Muir, L. A.; Vinther, J.; Lefebvre, B.; Hariri, K. E.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2010). "Ordovician faunas of Burgess Shale type". Nature. 465 (7295): 215–8. Bibcode:2010Natur.465..215V. doi:10.1038/nature09038. PMID 20463737. S2CID 4313285. Archived from the original on 2024-02-25. Retrieved 2024-02-24.
- ↑ Gill, Victoria (13 May 2010). "BBC News - Fossil find resolves ancient extinction mystery". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ↑ Mattingly, David J.; Bokbot, Youssef; Sterry, Martin; Cuénod, Aurelie; Fenwick, Corisande; Gatto, Maria Carmela; Ray, Nick; Rayne, Louise; Janin, Katrien; Lamb, Andrew; Mugnai, Niccoló; Nikolaus, Julia (2017). "Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015". Journal of African Archaeology. 15 (2): 149. doi:10.1163/21915784-12340009. hdl:2381/42893. ISSN 1612-1651. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- ↑ Searight, Susan (2001). The Prehistoric rock art of Morocco (PhD thesis). p. 245. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
- ↑ Searight 2001, p. 189.
- ↑ Gomez, Michael (2018). African dominion : a new history of empire in early and medieval West Africa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 331. ISBN 9780691177427.
Maktabad
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- Bahani, A., La nouba d'eau et son évolution dans les palmeraies du Draa Moyen du Maroc: CERES. Les oasis du Maghreb, Tunis: pp. 107–126, 1994
- Philip Curtin (ed.), African History, London: Longman, 1988
- M. Elfasi (ed.), General History of Africa III, Africa from the Seventh to the 11th century, UNESCO, 1988
- Charles de Foucauld, Reconnaissance au Maroc, 1888, 1 vol. in -4 and atlas
- Hammoudi, A., Substance and Relation: Water Rights and Water Distribution in the Dra Valley. In: Mayer, A.E. (Ed.), Property, Social Structure, and law in the Modern Middle East. New York: pp. 27–57, 1985
- Marmol Caravajal, Africa, 1667 3 vol. in 4
- Thomas Pellow; Josephine Grieder, The History of the long captivity and adventures of Thomas Pellow, in South-Barbary : [written by himself], 1973 (repr.of the 1739 edition with a new introd. for the Garland ed. by Josephine Grieder) ISBN 0-8240-0583-X
- W.D. Seiwert (ed.), Maurische Chronik, München: Trickster Verlag, 1988
- Jacques-Meunié, D., Le Maroc Saharien, des origines à 1670. Thèse d'État. 2 tomes, Librairie Klincksieck, Paris, 1982
- G. Spillmann, Villes et Tribus du Maroc vol. IX, Tribus Berbères Tome II, Districts et Tribus de la Haute Vallée du Dra, Paris, 1931
- Jeffrey Tayler, Valley of the Casbahs, 2004
- Ahmed Zainabi, La Vallée du Dra: Développement Alternatif et Action Communautaire, 2001 (Background paper WDR 2003)
Xiriirinta dibadda
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
- Michel, J. (1995). The Invasion of Morocco in 1591... University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center.
28°40′54″N 11°07′13″W / 28.6817°N 11.1203°W
