Webiga Gambia
| Webiga Gambia | |
|---|---|
 Webiga Gambia oo ku yaal Beerta Qaranka ee Niokolo-Koba | |
 Khariidadda bulaacada Webiga Gambia | |
 | |
| Waddamada | |
| Baasin | |
| Ilaha Ugu Muhiimsan | Labé, Guinea 795 m (2,608 ft) |
| Afka Wabiga | Banjul, Gambia 0 m (0 ft) |
Webiga Gambia (oo horay loogu yaqaanay River Gambra, Faransiis: Fleuve Gambie, Boortaqiis: Rio Gâmbia) waa webi weyn oo ku yaal Galbeedka Afrika, kaas oo u qulqula 1,120 kilometres (700 mi) kana bilaabma bannaanka Fouta Djallon ee waqooyiga Guinea dhanka galbeed ilaa uu maro Senegal iyo Gambia ilaa uu ka gaaro Badweynta Atlaantik ee magaalada Banjul. Waa marin-biyood la mari karo qiyaastii kala bar dhererkiisa.
Webigan ayaa si xooggan loola xiriiriyaa Gambia, oo ah dalka ugu yar ee dhul-weynaha Afrika, kaas oo qabsada kala bar webiga iyo labadiisa bangi.
Juqraafi
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Webiga Gambia wuxuu leeyahay dherer dhan 1,120 kilometres (700 mi). Laga soo bilaabo Fouta Djallon, wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi-galbeed ilaa gobolka Tambacounda ee Senegal, halkaas oo uu kaga dhex qulqulo Beerta Qaranka ee Niokolo Koba, ka dibna waxaa ku biira Nieri Ko iyo Koulountou wuxuuna sii maraa Biyaha-dhaca ee Barrakunda ka hor inta uusan gelin Gambia oo uu marayo Koina. Meeshan, webiga wuxuu u socdaa guud ahaan dhanka galbeed, laakiin wuxuu leeyahay marin qaloocan oo leh tiro haraha qaloocan, qiyaastii 100 kilometres (62 mi) marka laga tago afkiisa, wuxuu si tartiib tartiib ah u ballaaraa in ka badan 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) halkaas oo uu kula kulmo badda.
Ka gudubka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Waxaa jira dhowr buundooyin oo ka gudba webiga. Midda ugu weyn uguna fog xagga hoose waa Buundada Senegambia oo u dhaxaysa magaalooyinka Farafenni iyo Soma ee dalka Gambia. Waxaa la furay bishii Janaayo 2019, waxay bixisaa xiriir ka dhexeeya qaybaha Trans-Gambia Highway ee ku yaal bangiga Waqooyi iyo Koonfur ee webiga. Waxay sidoo kale bixisaa xiriir degdeg ah oo loogu talagalay gawaarida xamuulka ee Senegal ee u safraya iyo ka imanaya gobolka go'doonsan ee Casamance. Buundada waa 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) dhererkeeda waxayna beddeshay gaadiidka biyaha oo aan la isku halayn karin. Waxaa jira lacag laga qaado ka gudubka gawaarida.
Waxaa sidoo kale jira buundooyin ku yaal Gobolka Upper River ee Gambia oo ku yaal Basse Santa Su iyo Fatoto kuwaas oo la furay Oktoobar 2021,[1] iyo sidoo kale buundo ku taal Senegal oo ku taal Gouloumbou.
Dhammaan waddooyinka kale ee laga gudbo waxaa lagu sameeyaa doonyo, oo ay ku jirto marin aasaasi ah oo u dhaxaysa Banjul iyo Barra oo ku yaal afka webiga, ama doonyo yar yar.
Bolongs
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Webiyada yaryar ee ku yaal qaybaha hoose ee webiga waxaa inta badan loo yaqaannaa bolongs ama bolons. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah Sami Bolong, oo u qaybiya qaybaha waqooyi ee Central River Division iyo Upper River Division, Bintang Bolong oo u qaybiya Lower River Division ka West Coast Division, iyo sidoo kale xubno kale oo yaryar oo biyo ah sida Sofancama, Jurunku, Kutang, Nianji, iyo Sandugu bolongs.[2]
Taariikh
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Dadka ugu horreeya ee lagu yaqaan inay ku noolaayeen aagga ku teedsan Webiga Gambia waxaa ka mid ah Jola, Balante, Bainuk, iyo Manjak.[3] Sahamiyaha Carthage Hanno the Navigator ayaa laga yaabaa inuu gaaray Gambia intii lagu jiray safarkiisa qarnigii shanaad ee BC.[4]
Sida laga soo xigtay dhaqanka afka ah, tiro badan oo muhaajiriin Mandinka ah oo ka yimid Maali oo uu hoggaaminayo Tiramakhan Traore, oo ka mid ahaa guutada ugu sarreeya ee Sundiata, ayaa yimid gobolka qarnigii 14aad. Taariikhyahannada casriga ah qaarkood, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay qabaan in muhaajiriin yar oo kaliya, inta badan ganacsatada jula, ay halkii ay ka hoggaamin lahaayeen isbeddel bulsho-dhaqameed oo tartiib-tartiib ah oo ku wajahan aqoonsiga qowmiyadda Mandinka ee heerka sare leh iyo Boqortooyada Maali.[5][6] Jula-gan waxay Gambia ka dhigeen qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah shabakadda ganacsiga Galbeedka Afrika, halkaas oo cusbo, qolof-biyood, bir, maro, foolmaroodi, shumac, dahab, addoomo, maqaar iyo kuwo kale lagu kala beddelan jiray ilaa Webiga Niger iyo wixii ka dambeeya.[7][8]
Alvise Cadamosto, oo ahaa sahamiye Venice ah oo u shaqaynayay Boortaqiiska, ayaa noqday qofkii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub ah ee u safray Gambia sannadkii 1455, isagoo webiga ugu yeeraya Gambra ama Cambra. Ilaha kale ee laga helo xilligaas waxay diiwaan-geliyeen magacyo ay ka mid yihiin Guambea, Guabu, iyo Gambu (suurtogal ah isku-darka, xilligaas ama taariikhda dambe, ee magaca webiga iyo boqortooyada Kaabu).[9] Iyadoo ganacsatada ka kala socda waddamada kala duwan ee Yurub ay ku ganacsanayeen webiga Gambia muddo laba qarni ah ka dib Cadamosto, Duchy of Courland and Semigallia waxay ahayd tii ugu horreysay ee aasaasta saldhig joogto ah, waxa ay ugu yeereen Jasiiradda St Andrew sannadkii 1651. Ka dib markii ay gacanta ku dhigeen jasiiradda oo ay u beddeleen 'St James' sannadkii 1661, Ingiriisku wuxuu la tartamay Faransiiska si uu u maamulo ganacsiga webiga qarnigii iyo badh ee xigay.[10]
Intii lagu jiray xilligan, boqortooyooyinka ku teedsan webiga Gambia waxaa ka mid ahaa Niumi (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Barra), Niani, Kantora, Jimara, Kiang, Badibu, Fuladu, Tumana, iyo Wuli, kuwaas oo dhammaantood magacyadooda siiyay degmooyinka Gambia maanta. Saldhigyada ganacsiga ee waaweyn ee ku yaal ama u dhow webiga waxaa ka mid ahaa Barra, Albreda, Juffure, James Island (hadda ah UNESCO Goob Dhaxalgal ah), Tendaba, Joar, MacCarthy Island, Fattatenda, iyo Sutukoba.
Qiyaastii qarnigii 18aad, sahamiyaha reer Scotland Mungo Park ayaa u safray Gambia laba jeer isagoo ku sii jeeda Webiga Niger.[11]
Heshiiskii Anglo-Faransiiska ee 1889 ayaa xadiday xuduudaha Gambia Protectorate iyo gumeysigii Senegal oo ahayd toban kiiloomitir waqooyi iyo koonfurta webiga ilaa gudaha ilaa Yarbutenda (oo u dhow Koina ee maanta), oo leh 10km oo radius ah si loo calaamadeeyo xadka bari ee laga cabbiray bartamaha magaalada.[12] Sidaa darteed Ingiriisku wuxuu gacanta ku hayay webiga ilaa inta ay mari karaan maraakiibta badda. In kasta oo xilligaas loo arkayay ku meel-gaar, xuduudaha la dejiyay 1889-kii ayaa weli aan isbeddelin ilaa hadda.[13]
Dhirta iyo xayawaanka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Xayawaanka biyaha ee bulaacada Webiga Gambia waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa tan bulaacada Webiga Senegal, labadana waxaa badanaa lagu daraa hal ecoregion oo loo yaqaan Senegal-Gambia Catchments. In kasta oo hodantinimada noocyadu ay tahay mid dhexdhexaad ah, saddex nooc oo raha ah iyo hal kalluun ayaa ah kuwo ku gaar ah ecoregion-kan.[14]
Oysters-ka waxaa ka soo gurta Webiga Gambia haweenka waxaana loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo oyster stew, cunto dhaqameedka Gambia.
Sawirro
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Khariidadda Webiga Gambra (hadda waa Gambia) 1732
Qaybta galbeed ee Webiga Gambia, oo laga soo arkay hawada sare. Xariiqdu waxay muujinaysaa xadka Gambia.
Muuqaalka sare ee webiga, oo u dhow Janjanbureh Island
Bangiga webiga, oo u dhow Janjanbureh
Doonta ka gudubta webiga, ee Janjanbureh
_1732.JPG)
Tixraac
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- ↑ Ma, Jianchun (13 Oct 2021). "Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia". The Point. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- ↑ Gailey.
- ↑ Buhnen, 49.
- ↑ "Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Accessed 14/8/22.
- ↑ Wright, "Beyond Migration", 385.
- ↑ Buhnen, 51.
- ↑ Wright, "Darbo Jula", 33.
- ↑ Van Hoven.
- ↑ Buhnen, 71.
- ↑ Gailey, 3.
- ↑ Washington, Capt. (1838). "Some Account of Mohammedu-Siseï, a Mandingo, of Nyáni-Marú on the Gambia". The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 8: 448–454. doi:10.2307/1797825. ISSN 0266-6235.
- ↑ Gailey, 27.
- ↑ Gailey, 28.
- ↑ "509: Senegal – Gambia". Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
Buug-qoraal
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- Bühnen, Stephan. "Place Names as an Historical Source: An Introduction with Examples from Southern Senegambia and Germany." History in Africa, vol. 19, 1992. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171995.
- Gailey, Harry (1987). Historical dictionary of the Gambia. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810820013.
- Gray, J.M. (1940). History of the Gambia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Hughes, Arnold; Perfect, David (2008). Historical Dictionary of The Gambia. African Historical Dictionaries. Vol. 109 (4th ed.). Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9781442265226.
- van Hoven, Ed (1996). "Local Tradition or Islamic Precept? The Notion of zakāt in Wuli (Eastern Senegal) (La notion de "zakāt" au Wuli (Sénégal))". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. 36 (144): 703–722. doi:10.3406/cea.1996.1863. JSTOR 4392734. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- Wright, Donald R. "Beyond Migration and Conquest: Oral Traditions and Mandinka Ethnicity in Senegambia." History in Africa, vol. 12, 1985. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3171727.
- Wright, Donald R. "Darbo Jula: The Role of a Mandinka Jula Clan in the Long-Distance Trade of the Gambia River and Its Hinterland." African Economic History, no. 3, 1977, pp. 33–45. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3601138. Accessed 27 Jul. 2022.
Xiriirinta dibadda
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Warbaahinta la xiriirta Gambia River ee Wikimedia Commons- Macluumaadka iyo Sawirrada Webiga Gambia
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
