Webiga Great Fish
| Webiga Great Fish | |
|---|---|
 Webiga Great Fish ee ka tirsan Eastern Cape, kuna yaal Kaydka Waalidka ee Webiga Great Fish | |
  Goobta uu ku yaal afka Webiga Great Fish | |
 | |
| Dalka | Koonfur Afrika |
| Gobolka | Eastern Cape |
| Baasin | |
| Afka Wabiga | U dhow Seafield 3 m (9.8 ft) |
| Baaxadda Basinka Biyaha | 30,366 km2 (11,724 sq mi) |
| Astaamaha Jirka | |
| Dhererka | 730 km (450 mi) |
Webiga Great Fish (waxaa loogu yeeraa great si looga soociyo Webiga Fish ee Namibia) (Af Afrikaans: Groot-Visrivier)[1] waa webi dhererkiisu yahay 644 kilometres (400 mi) oo dhex mara gobolka Eastern Cape ee Koonfur Afrika. Aagga xeebta ee u dhaxeeya Port Elizabeth iyo afka Webiga Fish waxaa loo yaqaannaa Sunshine Coast. Webiga Great Fish waxaa markii hore loo bixiyay Rio do Infante, iyadoo loogu magac daray João Infante, oo ahaa kabtanka mid ka mid ah maraakiibta caravel-ka ee Bartolomeu Dias. Infante wuxuu booqday webiga dabayaaqadii 1480-meeyadii.[2]
Magaca Great Fish waa mid si khaldan u turjumaya, maadaama uu yahay turjumaadda afka Holland ee Groot Visch Rivier, oo ahaa magaca laan webi ah oo ku taal agagaarka Cradock,[3] kaas oo marka uu ku biiro Little Fish (Klein Visch Rivier) sameeya waxa si sax ah loogu yeero Webiga Fish ee (Eastern Cape).
Marinka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Webiga Great Fish wuxuu ka unkamaa bariga Graaff-Reinet wuxuuna dhex maraa Cradock. Dhanka koonfureed, Webiga Tarka ayaa kula biira bangigiisa midig. Halkaas wuxuu u laabaa qaab goglan dhanka Cookhouse, isagoo halkaas uga sii qulqulaya dhanka bari ee Grahamstown ka hor intaanu si toos ah ugu shubmin af-webigiisa oo 8 km waqooyi-bari ka xiga Seafield, kuna yaal Badweynta Hindiya.[4]
Webigu guud ahaan waa mid joogto ah, oo biyo leh sannadka oo dhan, inkastoo meesha uu ka unkamo ay tahay aag engegan, qulqulkiisa dabiiciga ahna uu noqon karo mid gaabis ah xilliga jiilaalka; hadda, biyaha ka yimaada nidaamka Webiga Orange ayaa loo isticmaali karaa si loo ilaaliyo qulqulkiisa xilliyada engegan. Webiga waxaa saameeya ruxmanka badda qiyaastii 20 km.[3]
Laamaha ugu weyn ee ku biira waa Webiga Groot Brak, Webiga Tarka iyo Webiga Kap dhanka bidix, iyo Webiga Little Fish (Af Afrikaans: Klein-Visrivier) dhanka midig. Webiga Great Fish wuxuu ka tirsan yahay Aagga Maamulka Biyaha ee Fish to Tsitsikama.[5]
Biyo-xireennada dooxada
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Cimilada
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Afka webiga, cimiladu waa mid dhexdhexaad ah oo leh roob qiyaastii gaaraya 650 mm (26 in) kaas oo inta badan da'a xilliyada gu'ga iyo dayrta. Heerkulka celceliska wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa 12 to 24 °C (54 to 75 °F) iyadoo uu hoos ugu dhici karo 2 °C (36 °F) ama uu kor ugu kici karo ilaa 40 °C (104 °F).
Deegaanka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]1970-meeyadii, mashruuc weyn oo biyo ah ayaa keenay biyaha Webiga Orange, iyadoo la sii marinayo Webiga Fish, si loogu isticmaalo beeraha iyo wershadaha. Tunelka arsaaqdan loo sameeyey wuxuu ahaa hawl weyn oo dhanka injineernimada ah, iyadoo meesha laga soo qaado ay tahay Oviston (oo ah soo gaabin af Afrikaan ah oo u taagan Orange-Fish Tunnel). Oviston waxay ku taal xeebta Biyo-xireenka Gariep. Warshad korontada laga dhaliyo biyaha ayaa la dhigay meesha uu Webiga Fish ka soo baxo, laakiin ma ahan mid dhaqaale ahaan faa'iido leh hantideedana looma isticmaalo.
Isku darsanka biyaha ee ka yimid labada dooxada wuxuu saameyn kharibaad ah ku yeeshay deegaanka—inta badan nidaamka deegaanka ee Webiga Fish waxaa hadda la wareegay dhirta iyo xayawaanka Webiga Orange.
Dhirta
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Afka webiga, waxaa ku yaal kaymo dooxo ah, kaymo ciidda xeebta ah, dhirta hareeraha webiga iyo fynbos. Dhirta ay ka mid yihiin eastern Cape giant cycad, kuwa cas iyo kuwa cad ee milkwood waa geedo la ilaaliyo. Noocyada kale ee muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah akasiya, white pear, Karoo boer-bean, wild banana, dune poison bush, wild plum, coral tree iyo small knobwood.[6]
Xayawaanka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Waxaa jira tiro yar oo ah kaluunka halis ku jira ee Eastern Province rocky (Sandelia bainsii) oo ku jira Webiga Kat, oo ka tirsan dooxada Webiga Great Fish.[7]
Aagga afka Webiga Fish wuxuu hoy u yahay noocyo dhowr ah oo naaslay ah oo waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar oo ay ku jiraan shan nooc oo dharrajo ah, doofaarro kaymo ah, jiirar kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan shulgumada, hinnifta, bakaylaha, fiidmeerta, iyo bisadda duurjoogta ah ee Southern African wildcat, shabeel-gari weyn, striped polecat iyo caanood-galeenka. Naaslayda duurjoogta ah ee ugu badan ee la arko waa daanyeerka vervet, kaas oo caan ku ah inuu cuntada ka dafo martida ku sugan Fish River Sun Resort. Waxaa jira dhar ka badan 135 nooc oo shimbiro badeed iyo kuwo dhulka ah oo laga helo hareeraha webiga oo ay ku jiraan Knysna lourie, giant kingfisher iyo gorgorka kalluunka. Waxaa jira 26 nooc o mogor ah, kuwaas oo shan ka mid ah oo kaliya ay sun yihiin.
Taariikhda
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Intii lagu guda jiray qarnigii 19-aad, webigu wuxuu ahaa xadka Cape Colony[8] waxaana si adag loogu tácallay intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalladii Xhosa ee 1779 ilaa 1878 oo u dhaxeeyay qowmiyadda Xhosa dhinac iyo gumeystayaashii Afrikaner iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska dhanka kale,[9] sanadkii 1835-kiina, dadka Fingo waxaa loo oggolaaday inay degaan hareeraha webiga. Intii lagu guda jiray nidaamkii apartheid, qaybaha hoose waxay ahaayeen xadka galbeed ee dhulkii madax-bannaanida moodalka ahaa ee Ciskei. Intii u dhaxeysay 1846 iyo 1847, aagga afka Webiga Fish wuxuu noqday goob dhaqdhaqaaq badan intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Faaska (War of the Axe), oo ahaa mid ka mid ah dagaalladii xadka ee xilligaas dhex maray qowmiyadda Xhosa iyo Ingiriiska. Dooni weyn ayaa laga dhisay Webiga Fish si ay isugu xirto Cape Colony (dhanka galbeed ee webiga) iyo Waterloo Bay (gacanka yar ee u dhow afka Webiga Old Woman ee hadda dhex mara dalxiiska Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, oo loogu magac daray markabkii ugu horreeyay ee xamuul ku dejiyay gacanka, wuxuu u adeegey meel ay ka degaan askarta iyo agabka dagaalka. Maraakiib dhowr ah ayaa ku gubtay ama ku burburay xeebta Webiga Fish intii lagu guda jiray sannadahaas.[10] Kuwa soo socda waa goobo taariikhi ah oo caan ah oo ku yaal afka Webiga Fish, kuwaas oo inta badan ku dhex yaal agagaarka Fish River Sun Resort kuwaas oo dhismahaas uu ku dadaalay inuu ilaaliyo:
Kaampada Ciidanka ee Maitland
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Kaampada ciidanka ee ugu weyn waxay ku tiil gobolka bari ee Webiga Old Woman, waxaana loo yaqaannay Cape Maitland, si loogu sharfo Sir Peregrine Maitland, oo ahaa Badhasaabkii Cape Colony. Magaca waxaa hadda loo beddelay Fort Albert si loogu sharfo ninka boqorad Victoria. Kaampadu waxay ka koobnayd cooshado iyo teendhooyin ay ku wareegsan yihiin dhufaysyo ciid ah, waxaana laga tagay dhammaadkii dagaalka. Goobta kaampada waxaa dib loo 'helay' markii agab badan oo taariikhi ah laga soo qoday intii lagu guda jiray dhismaha garoonka goolfa ee Fish River Sun.[10]
Guriga Broxholm
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Nin u darajaysnaa Sergeant C. Broxholm ayaa la sheegay inuu dhisay dhismaha kaliya ee ka badbaaday dagaalka, kaas oo ku yaal dhanka bari ee webiga. Waxaa la dhisay 1846, wuxuuna dhismaha ka iibiyay sanad ka dib Mr. J. Kidd oo ka tirsanaa Wesleyan Missionary Society kaas oo rajeynayay inuu shaqo diineed ka bilaabo Waterloo Bay.
Qabuuraha Askarta
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Qaar ka mid ah askartii ku dhimatay intii lagu guda jiray haysashada Waterloo Bay waxaa lagu aasay qabuuro yar oo u dhow bangiga bari ee Webiga Old Woman. Qabuuraha ma lahayn wax calaamado ah laakiin waxaa la rumeysan yahay in xubno ka tirsan guutooyinka 6-aad iyo 45-aad iyo Cape Levy lagu aasay halkaas. Meel bannaanka ah oo dhex taal dhirta ciidda ayaa calaamadinaysa goobtan oo ku dhex taal hantida Fish River Sun Resort.[10]
Kaampada Rayidka
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Kaampi weyn oo rayid ah oo ay la socdaan dukaamo ganacsi iyo hudheelo kuwaas oo raacay dhaqdhaqaaqyada ciidanka ayaa sida muuqata ku yaallay dhanka galbeed ee Webiga Old Woman. Dhammaan haraadiga taariikhiga ah waxaa hadda daboolay garoonka lagu ciyaaro goolfa.[10]
Burburka Maraakiibta
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Haraadiga maraakiibta Catherine iyo Justina waxaa edeg ahaan wali u arki kara quusayaasha. Maraakiibtan waxay ku burbureen 1840-meeyadii waxayna ku yaallaan masaafo ka yar 1 km afka Webiga Fish.[10]
Dhaqaalaha
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Madadaalada
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- In kasta oo magaciisa laga garan karo, kalluumeysiga ka dhaca hareeraha (inta badan qaybta hoose) waa mid u booqasho iyo madadaalo oo kaliya.
- Sannad kasta, tartanka Fish River Canoe Marathon, oo ah dhacdo caan ah oo doon-wadis ah ayaa laba maalmood ka dhacda Biyo-xireenka Grassridge ilaa Cradock.
- Quusidda aagga afka webiga waa waayo-aragnimo weyn, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay maraakiibta tirada badan ee ku burburay halkaas oo la heli karo: SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan iyo Waterloo, si loo magacaabo dhowr.
Fish River Sun Hotel and Country Club Resort
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Fish River Sun Hotel and Country Club Resort waa goob dalxiis oo ay leedahay Sun International oo ku taal afka Webiga Fish ee xeebta koonfur-bari ee Koonfur Afrika. Fish River Sun wuxuu albaabada u furay bishii Maarso 1989 isagoo ah hudheel iyo casino. Hantidan oo baaxaddeedu tahay 184,000 oo hektar oo ku taal bangiyada bari ee Webiga Fish waxay ku tiil aagga Ciskei ee xilligaas, oo ahaa dhul ka tirsan Bantustan intii lagu guda jiray maamulkii apartheid. Hudheelka, casino-ka iyo garoonka goolfa waxay sii ahaadeen goob dalxiis oo caan ah oo guulaystay, badidoodna waxaa ugu wacnaa casino-ka, maadaama sharciyada la bixiyo si aad u yar Koonfur Afrika. Goobtu waxay la kulantay dharbaaxo weyn markii shatiga casino-ka loo kordhin waayay ka dib markii uu dhammaaday muddo toban sano ah oo ku eg 1999. Habka hoyga waxaa laga beddelay hudheel loona beddelay naadi fasax oo ku shaqeeya habka wadaagga waqtiga (timeshare). Guddiga khamaarka ee Eastern Cape ayaa shati kale oo casino ah siiyay Port Elizabeth oo u dhow, kaas oo isna ay maamusho Sun International, kana dhex shaqeeya Boardwalk Casino iyo Entertainment World Complex. Sida qayb ka mid ah dalabka shatiga, Boardwalk wuxuu oggolaaday inuu kabo kharashyada lagu hayo Fish River Sun si ay qayb uga noqoto waajibaadkiisa horumarinta reer miyiga ee gobolka. Hawlaha waxaa ka mid ah dabaasha, socodka dabeecadda ee hagidda leh, goolfa, fuulista ciidda, doon-wadis, kalluumeysi, mini-goolf, iyo daawaynta spa.
Waxaa jira garoon goolfa ah oo uu naqshadeeyay Gary Player waxaana lagu qiimeeyay mid ka mid ah 30-ka garoon goolfa ee ugu sarreeya Koonfur Afrika.[11] Webiga Old Woman wuxuu dhex maraa garoonka. Garoonku wuxuu martigeliyay dhacdooyin waaweyn oo ay ka mid tahay Africa Open sanadkii 2008.
Barta Great Fish
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Great Fish Point waa guri-laandheere (laydhka hagidda maraakiibta) oo ku yaal u dhow afka Webiga Great Fish, qiyaastii 25 km u jirta goobta dalxiiska xeebta ee Port Alfred.
Ka hor intaan guri-laandheeraha la dhisin sanadkii 1898, laba laambadood oo markab ah oo soo saaraya iftiin cagaaran oo goonni ah ayaa laga taagay tiir ku yaal Port Alfred, laakiin iftiimadaas waxay dhowr jeer u cadaatay inay yihiin kuwo aan ku filnayn. Nidaamka saacadda ee loo isticmaali jiray in lagu kaxeeyo muraayadda weyneysada wali waa mid fiyow oo la soo bandhigo.
In kasta oo guri-laandheeraha laftiisu uu dhererkiisu yahay kaliya 9 metres (30 ft), wuxuu ku yaallaa 76 metres (249 ft) ka sarreeya heerka badda.
Tixraac
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- ↑ "Riviere van Suid-Afrika". Archived from the original on 2012-04-30. Retrieved 2012-03-18.
- ↑ Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)
- 1 2 Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (2023-10-11). "Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts & the Trekbokke". Daily Maverick (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ↑ O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). "Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water". Regulated Rivers: Research & Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.
- ↑ "Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15". Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
- ↑ "The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa". www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 2024-10-20.
- ↑ Sandelia bainsii
- ↑ Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
- ↑ Doke, Clement M.; Dart, Raymond A.; Goodwin, A.J.H.; Marais, J.S.; Eiselen, W.M. (1962). The Bantu Speaking Tribes Of South Africa. Routledge And Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 333–334.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Cillad tixraac: Calaamadda
<ref>waa aan ansax ahayn; wax qoraal ah laguma darin tixraacyada lagu magacaabay "military". - ↑ "Top 100 Golf Courses in South Africa". Archived from the original on May 29, 2010. Retrieved September 20, 2010.>
Xiriirinta dibadda
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
- Fish to Sundays: Internal Strategic Perspective Archived 7 Maarso 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- James MacKinlay diary ee Maktabadda Dartmouth College
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