Webiga Kagera

Kagera
Akagera
Kagera; Akagera
	Isku-darka webiyada Kagera iyo Ruvubu oo u dhow Rusumo Falls, Rwanda/Tanzania.
	Khariidadda Webiga Kagera oo ku qulqula Harada Victoria.
Magac kale	Akagera
Waddamada	Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
Baasin
Ilaha Ugu Muhiimsan	Nyamagabe District; 2,408 m (7,900 ft)
Afka Wabiga	Kyotera District; 1,134 m (3,720 ft)
Socodka Wabiga	Harada Victoria → Victoria Nile → White Nile → Niil → Badweynta Mediterranean
Baaxadda Basinka Biyaha	58,578.9 km2 (22,617.4 sq mi) 59,700 km2 (23,100 sq mi)
Astaamaha Jirka
Dhererka	597 km (371 mi)
Socodka Biyaha	Location:; U dhow afka; Average rate:; (Muddadii: 1971–2000)346 m3/s (12,200 cu ft/s); 184 m3/s (6,500 cu ft/s) Maximum rate:; 540 m3/s (19,000 cu ft/s);
Astaamaha
Laamo Wabi	Left:; Nyabarongo; Right:; Ruvuvu;
Biyo dhac	Rusumo Falls

Webiga Kagera, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Webiga Akagera, ama Alexandra Nile, waa webi ku yaal Afrikada Bari, oo qayb ka ah qulqullada sare ee Niil isagoo wada biyo ka imanaya ishiisa ugu fog.^[2]^[3]^:167 Dhererkiisu waa 597 km (371 mi) isagoo ka bilaabma ishiisa ku taal Harada Rweru ee Rwanda.

Qaybta webiga ee la yiraahdo Kagera waxay ka bilaabataa Burundi, iyadoo ka soo baxaysa Harada Rweru. Harada, wuxuu u qulqulaa bari isagoo raacaya xuduudaha Rwanda-Burundi iyo Rwanda-Tanzania ilaa uu ka gaaro isku-darka Webiga Ruvuvu. Biyaha Kagera waxaa sidaas ku bixiya laba qulqul oo waaweyn, Nyabarongo ee Rwanda, oo ku shuba Harada Rweru, iyo Ruvuvu ee Burundi. Lama oga labadan webi ka uu dheer yahay sidaas darteedna uu yahay isha ugu dambaysa ee Niilka. Isku-darka ka dib, Kagera wuxuu u qulqulaa waqooyi isagoo raacaya xuduudka Rwanda-Tanzania, wuxuuna maraa Rusumo Falls iyo Akagera National Park. Ka dib wuxuu u leexdaa bari, isagoo raacaya xuduudka Tanzania-Uganda wuxuuna ku shubaa Harada Victoria ee Uganda. Sannadkii 1898, Richard Kandt wuxuu ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub ah ee gaara isha Kagera.^[4]

Webigu wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray taariikhda waddamada uu dhex maro, gaar ahaan Rwanda. Sannadkii 1894, Jarmalka Gustav Adolf von Götzen ayaa ka tallaabay Kagera ee Rusumo Falls, isagoo calaamadeeyay xilligii gumaysiga Rwanda oo si rasmi ah u bilaabmay 1899. Sannadkii 1916, intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, Belgians-ku waxay ka adkaadeen Jarmalka, iyagoo galay Rwanda oo raacay isla waddadaas. Webigu wuxuu caan ka noqday caalamka 1994-tii markii uu qulquliyay maydadka dadkii lagu laayay Xasuuqii Rwanda ilaa Harada Victoria, taasoo keentay in xaalad degdeg ah lagu dhawaaqo meelo ka mid ah Uganda, halkaas oo maydadkaasi ay ugu dambeyntii ku soo caariyeen.

Juqraafiga

Kagera wuxuu ka soo bilowdaa Burundi wuxuuna ku shubaa Harada Victoria. Waa qulqulka ugu weyn ee gala harada, isagoo ku dara qiyaastii 6.4 bilyan mitir kuyuubik oo biyo ah sannadkii (qiyaastii 28 boqolkiiba qulqulka harada).^[5] Kagera waxaa sameeyay isku-darka Webiga Ruvuvu iyo Webiga Nyabarongo, oo u dhow barta ugu waqooyi ee Harada Tanganyika.^[6] Wuxuu qayb ka sameeyaa xuduudaha Burundi–Tanzania, Rwanda–Tanzania, Burundi–Rwanda, iyo Tanzania–Uganda. Wuxuu magaciisa bixiyay Akagera National Park ee waqooyiga Rwanda, iyo sidoo kale Kagera Region ee Tanzania. Webiga dushiisa waxaa ku yaal Rusumo Falls, oo ah meel muhiim ah oo laga gudbo oo u dhexeeya Rwanda iyo Tanzania. Wuxuu u dhow yahay magaalada Rusumo.

Kalluunka

Dooxada Webiga Kagera waxaa ka buuxa kalluun. Sannadkii 2001, waxaa jiray ugu yaraan 55 nooc oo laga yaqaan qaybta Rwanda oo keliya, tirada dhabta ahna waxay u badan tahay inay ka sarreyso.^[7] Todobo nooc oo kale ayaa lagu diiwaan geliyay sahan kale.^[8]^[9] Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira ugu yaraan 15 nooc oo aan la qeexin oo ka mid ah haplochromine cichlids oo ah endemik u ah qaar ka mid ah harooyinka ku yaal qaybaha sare ee dooxada webiga.^[10] Sababtoo ah biyo-dhacyada badan iyo qulqulada, qaybaha kala duwan ee dooxada Webiga Kagera ayaa si cad loo kala saaray, taasoo ka dhigaysa dhaqdhaqaaqa kalluunka ee u dhexeeya iyaga mid adag ama xitaa aan macquul ahayn.^[7]^[11]

Hal nooc oo la ogaa inuu ku noolaa dooxada, oo ah Labeobarbus microbarbis, ayaa hadda loo tixgeliyaa inuu dabar go'ay.

Xasuuq

Intii lagu jiray Xasuuqii Rwanda ee 1994, Kagera waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu qubo maydadka maadaama kumanaan ka mid ah Tutsi iyo Hutu siyaasadda dhexdhexaad ah lagu dilay bangiyada webiga.^[12] Webigu wuxuu maydadkii laayay u geeyay Harada Victoria, isagoo abuuray khatar caafimaad oo halis ah oo ka dhacday Uganda.

Sidoo kale eeg

Webiga Ruvuvu - Qulqulka midig ee webiga
Webiga Nyabarongo - Qulqulka bidix ee webiga

Tixraac

Xusuusin

1 2 Eric, Tilman. "Nile River".
↑ Mohamed, Nader Noureldeen (2016), "Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End", in Negm, Abdelazim M. (ed.), The Nile River, vol. 56, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–32, doi:10.1007/698_2016_107, ISBN 978-3-319-59086-8, retrieved 2026-06-13
↑ Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, ISBN 0486256677
↑ "GERMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CARTOGRAPHY OF SOUTH WEST AND EAST AFRICA FROM MID 19th CENTURY TO WORLD WAR I" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-09-21. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ Rangeley, p. 54
↑ Dumont, p. 341
1 2 De Vos, L; J. Snoeks; D.T. van den Audenaerde (2001). "An Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of Rwanda (East Central Africa), With Historical Data on Introductions of Commercially Important Species". Journal of East African Natural History. 90 (1): 41–68. doi:10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2.
↑ Olokotum, Mark (2022), Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments (in Ingiriisi), Mark Olokotum, Laban Musinguzi, National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, doi:10.15468/JS65TH, retrieved 2025-06-14
↑ Olokotum, Mark (2022), Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) (in Ingiriisi), Mark Olokotum, Laban Musinguzi, National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, doi:10.15468/WSXMK6, retrieved 2025-06-14
↑ Sayer, C.A.; L. Máiz-Tomé; W.R.T. Darwall (2018). Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods. Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.2.en. ISBN 9782831718965.
↑ Berakhi, Robel Ogbaghebriel; Oyana, Tonny J.; Adu-Prah, Samuel (2014-05-23). "Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, East Africa". African Geographical Review. 34 (3): 209–231. doi:10.1080/19376812.2014.912140. ISSN 1937-6812. S2CID 153931262.
↑ January, p. 83
Lorch, Donatella (21 May 1994), "Thousands of Rwanda Dead Wash Down to Lake Victoria", The New York Times, retrieved 26 February 2010{{citation}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

Cillad tixraac: Calaamadda <ref> ee leh magaca "NYT" ee lagu qeexay <references> lama isticmaalin qoraalka hore.

Isha

Dumont, Henri J. (2009). The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-9725-6.
January, Brendan (2007). Genocide: modern crimes against humanity. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-7613-3421-7.
Rangeley, Robert (1994). International river basin organizations in sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank Publications. ISBN 0-8213-2871-9.

Xiriirinta dibadda

"Kagera". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th). (1911).

[Nile_River-1] 1 2 Eric, Tilman. "Nile River".

[2] Mohamed, Nader Noureldeen (2016), "Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End", in Negm, Abdelazim M. (ed.), The Nile River, vol. 56, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–32, doi:10.1007/698_2016_107, ISBN 978-3-319-59086-8, retrieved 2026-06-13

[Stanley-3] Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, ISBN 0486256677

[4] "GERMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CARTOGRAPHY OF SOUTH WEST AND EAST AFRICA FROM MID 19th CENTURY TO WORLD WAR I" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-09-21. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[Rangeley-5] Rangeley, p. 54

[Dumont-6] Dumont, p. 341

[DeVos2001-7] 1 2 De Vos, L; J. Snoeks; D.T. van den Audenaerde (2001). "An Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of Rwanda (East Central Africa), With Historical Data on Introductions of Commercially Important Species". Journal of East African Natural History. 90 (1): 41–68. doi:10.2982/0012-8317(2001)90[41:AACOTF]2.0.CO;2.

[8] Olokotum, Mark (2022), Fish Biodiversity Assessments for Conservation and Hydropower Developments (in Ingiriisi), Mark Olokotum, Laban Musinguzi, National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, doi:10.15468/JS65TH, retrieved 2025-06-14

[9] Olokotum, Mark (2022), Fish species observations from a monitoring survey of two Lake Victoria affluent rivers (Rivers Kagera and Sio) (in Ingiriisi), Mark Olokotum, Laban Musinguzi, National Fisheries Resources Research Institute, doi:10.15468/WSXMK6, retrieved 2025-06-14

[Sayer2018-10] Sayer, C.A.; L. Máiz-Tomé; W.R.T. Darwall (2018). Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods. Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.2.en. ISBN 9782831718965.

[11] Berakhi, Robel Ogbaghebriel; Oyana, Tonny J.; Adu-Prah, Samuel (2014-05-23). "Land use and land cover change and its implications in Kagera river basin, East Africa". African Geographical Review. 34 (3): 209–231. doi:10.1080/19376812.2014.912140. ISSN 1937-6812. S2CID 153931262.

[January-12] January, p. 83

[NYT-13] Lorch, Donatella (21 May 1994), "Thousands of Rwanda Dead Wash Down to Lake Victoria", The New York Times, retrieved 26 February 2010{{citation}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

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