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Webiga Rufiji

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Rufiji
Webiga Rufiji ee Selous
Khariidadda basin-ka qulqulka Webiga Rufiji. Basin-ka goonida ah ee Lake Sulunga waxaa lagu muujiyey cagaar.
WaddanTanzania
GobolGobolka Pwani
GobolGobolka Morogoro
Baasin
Ilaha Ugu MuhiimsanTanzania
Isha LabaadGobolka Morogoro
Isha SadexaadGobolka Morogoro
Afka WabigaGobolka Pwani
Baaxadda Basinka Biyaha177,429 square kilometres (68,506 sq mi)
Astaamaha Jirka
Dhererka600 km (370 mi)

Webiga Rufiji wuxuu gebi ahaanba ku yaal Tanzania. Waa webiga ugu weyn uguna dheer dalka, waxaana sameeyay isku biiritaanka Kilombero iyo webiga Luwegu. Wuxuu dhererkiisu yahay qiyaastii 600 kilometres (370 mi), iyada oo isha ay ku taal koonfur-galbeed Tanzania, wuxuuna ku dhammaadaa Badweynta Hindiya, ka soo horjeedka Jasiiradda Mafia, ee Gobolka Pwani. Wabi-gacmeedkiisa ugu weyn waa Webiga Great Ruaha. Waxaa loo mari karaa doomaha qiyaastii 100 kilometres (62 mi).

Webiga Rufiji wuxuu qiyaastii 200 kilometres (120 mi) koonfur ka xigaa Dar es Salaam. Delta-ga webiga wuxuu ka kooban yahay kaynta mangrove ee ugu weyn bariga Afrika.[1]

Taariikh

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Laan ka mid ah jidadka badda ee qadiimiga ah ayaa hoos u martay xeebta Bariga Afrika oo loo yaqaan "Azania" by Giriigga iyo Roomaanka qarnigii 1-aad CE sida lagu sharraxay Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (iyo, malaha, Af Shiinees: 澤散 qarnigii 3-aad by Shiinaha),[2] ugu yaraan ilaa dekedda loo yaqaan Roomaanka sida Rhapta, kaas oo malaha ku yaal delta-ga Webiga Rufiji ee Tanzania casriga ah.[3]

Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, laga soo bilaabo Oktoobar 1914 ilaa Luulyo 1915, delta-ga webiga wuxuu ahaa goobta hawlgallada badda ee dheer. Kuwani waxay ahaayeen isku daygii, iyo guushii dambe, ee Royal Navy si ay u dhexdhexaadiyaan oo u burburiyaan markabkii dagaalka ee Jarmalka Königsberg.

Basin

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Basin-ka qabashada ee nidaamka Webiga Rufiji waa 177,429 square kilometres (68,506 sq mi).[4]

Aagga qabashada Basin-ka Rufiji
Webiga Aagga
km2		 Boqolkiiba
aagga		 Boqolkiiba
qulqulka
Great Ruaha      83,970 47 15
Kilombero 39,990 23 62
Luwegu 26,300 15 18
Rufiji (webiga hoose) 27,160 15 5
Wadarta       177,429 100 100

Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha

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Madaxweynaha Tanzania John Magufuli ayaa ansixiyay dhismaha biyo-xireen muran dhaliyay[5][6] cusub iyo saldhig koronto oo ku yaal webiga ee Stiegler's Gorge.[7] Saldhigga korontada ayaa la filayaa inuu bixiyo 2,100 megawatts oo koronto ah, oo ka badan saddex jeer korontada biyaha ee Tanzania hadda jirta oo ah 562 megawatts.[8] Dhismaha biyo-xireenka ayaa bilaabmay July 26, 2019, waxaana la filayaa inuu diyaar noqdo 2022.[9]

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Muhiimadda Deegaanka

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Webiga Rufiji waa webiga ugu weyn Tanzania marka loo eego aagga basin-ka wuxuuna sameeyaa Rufiji Delta oo ballaaran ka hor inta uusan gelin Badweynta Hindiya. Delta-ga wuxuu ka kooban yahay mid ka mid ah kaymaha mangrove ee ugu weyn ee joogtada ah ee bariga Afrika wuxuuna bixiyaa hoy dad badan oo kalluun, shimbir, xamaarato, iyo noocyo naasley ah.[10][11]

Webigu wuxuu keenaa biyo macaan, fadhiid, iyo nafaqooyin oo taageera kalluumeysiga xeebaha iyo nidaamyada deegaanka mangrove. Fatahaadda xilliyeedka ayaa sidoo kale taageerta beeraha daadadka waxayna dib u buuxisaa dhul-qoyan basin-ka hoose oo dhan.[12][13]

Horumarinta korontada biyaha ee basin-ka Rufiji ee sare, oo ay ku jirto Mashruuca Korontada Biyaha ee Julius Nyerere, ayaa dhalisay dood ku saabsan saameynta suurtagalka ah ee nidaamyada qulqulka ee hoos u dhaca, gaadiidka fadhiidka, kala duwanaanshaha noolaha, iyo daacadnimada deegaanka ee Rufiji Delta.[14][15]

Tixraac

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  1. ↑ ""Downstream and Coastal Impacts of Damming and Water Abstraction in Africa", Environmental Management, authored by Maria Snoussi, Johnson Kitheka, Yohanna Shaghude, Alioune Kane, Russell Arthurton, Martin Le Tissier, and Hassan Virji, 2007, volume 39, page 589" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-21. Retrieved 2015-10-18.
  2. ↑ "The Peoples of the West". from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢. Translated by Hill, John E. Jaamacadda Washington. September 2004. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
  3. ↑ "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Panchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." Felix A. Chami. In: Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 2 Trade and Travel in the Red Sea Region. Proceedings of Red Sea Project I held in the British Museum October 2002, pp. 93-104. Edited by Paul Lunde and Alexandra Porter. ISBN 1-84171-622-7.
  4. ↑ Arvidson, Anders; et al. (May 2009). "Initial Assessment of Socioeconomic and Environmental Risks and Opportunities of Large-scale Biofuels Production in the Rufiji District" (PDF). SEKAB BioEnergy (T) Ltd. p. 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2015-10-18.
  5. ↑ Hoag, Heather J.; Öhman, May-Britt (2008). "Turning water into power: Debates over the Development of Tanzania's Rufiji River Basin, 1945-1985". Technology and Culture. 49 (3): 624–651. doi:10.1353/tech.0.0061. PMID 18831291. S2CID 27222691.
  6. ↑ Siderius, Christian; et al. (2021). "Chapter 6: High Stakes Decisions Under Uncertainty: Dams, Development and Climate Change in the Rufiji River Basin". In Conway, Declan; Vincent, Katharine (eds.). Climate Risk in Africa: Adaptation and Resilience. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillian. pp. 93–113. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61160-6_6. ISBN 978-3-030-61159-0. S2CID 234340454.
  7. ↑ "Tanzania to Construct Hydropower Plant on National Reserve". Voice of America. July 26, 2019.
  8. ↑ Tairo, Apolinari (July 26, 2019). "Tanzania launches Rufiji power plant". The EastAfrican.
  9. ↑ Takouleu, Jean Marie (24 July 2019). "Stiegler's Gorge dam construction begins on July 26". Afrik 21.
  10. ↑ Nagelkerken, I. (2018). "The changing hydro-ecological dynamics of rivers and deltas of the Western Indian Ocean". Comptes Rendus Geoscience. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2017.09.004.
  11. ↑ Rufiji Basin Integrated Water Resources Management and Development Plan (Report). Wasaaradda Biyaha, Tanzania. 2015.
  12. ↑ Nagelkerken, I. (2018). "The changing hydro-ecological dynamics of rivers and deltas of the Western Indian Ocean". Comptes Rendus Geoscience. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2017.09.004.
  13. ↑ McClain, M. E. (2013). "Ecohydrology of tropical rivers". Hydrological Processes.
  14. ↑ Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Julius Nyerere Hydropower Project (Report). Dawladda Tanzania. 2019.
  15. ↑ Winemiller, K. O. (2016). "Balancing hydropower and biodiversity in tropical rivers". Science. 351 (6269): 128–129. doi:10.1126/science.aac7082.

Akhris dheeraad ah

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  • Chami, F. A. 1999. "The Early Iron Age on Mafia island and its relationship with the mainland." Azania Vol. XXXIV 1999, pp. 1–10.
  • Chami, Felix A. 2002. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Panchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." In: Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 2 Trade and Travel in the Red Sea Region. Proceedings of Red Sea Project I held in the British Museum October 2002, pp. 93–104. Edited by Paul Lunde and Alexandra Porter. ISBN 1-84171-622-7.
  • Miller, J. Innes. 1969. Chapter 8: "The Cinnamon Route". In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. Oxford: University Press. ISBN 0-19-814264-1
  • Ray, Himanshu Prabha, ed. 1999. Archaeology of Seafaring: The Indian Ocean in the Ancient Period. Pragati Publications, Delhi.

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