Webiga Ruvuma

Ruvuma
Rovuma
Ruvuma; Rovuma
	Ruvuma oo la arkay intii lagu guda jiray Livingstone's duulaankii labaad ee Zambesi
	Khariidadda basin-ka qulqulka Webiga Ruvuma.
Magac kale	Rovuma
Waddan	Tanzania, Mozambique
Baasin
Ilaha Ugu Muhiimsan	Gobolka Ruvuma, Tanzania; 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
Afka Wabiga	Badweynta Hindiya; 0 m (0 ft)
Nidaamka Wabiga	Webiga Rovuma
Baaxadda Basinka Biyaha	154,727.4 km2 (59,740.6 sq mi) ilaa 155,316.4 km2 (59,968.0 sq mi)
Astaamaha Jirka
Dhererka	998 km (620 mi)
Socodka Biyaha	Location:; Meel u dhow afka; Average rate:; (Muddada: 1979–2015)55.94 km3/a (1,773 m3/s); (Muddada: 1971–2000)2,286.3 m3/s (80,740 cu ft/s) (Muddada: 1982–2013)890.8 m3/s (31,460 cu ft/s)
Astaamaha
Laamo Wabi	Left:; Mlongasi, Likonde, Muhawesi, Lumesule, Mbangala; Right:; Messinge, Lucheringo, Chinlezi, Lugenda;

Webiga Ruvuma, oo hore loogu yaqaanay Webiga Rovuma, waa webi ku yaal gobolka Harada Waaweyn ee Afrika. Inta badan koorsadiisa, waxay samaysaa xadka u dhexeeya Tanzania iyo Mozambique. Webigu waa 998 km (620 mi) dherer, oo leh basin qulqulaya oo qiyaastii ~155,000 km² (60,000 sq mi) ah. Celceliska sanadlaha ah ee qulqulka (haydroloji) waa 475 m³/s (16,800 cu ft/s) ilaa 2,286 m³/s (80,700 cu ft/s) afkiisa.^[4]^[2]

Qulqulka

Celceliska iyo qulqulka ugu badan ee Webiga Rovuma (11°9′53.9532″S 39°15′37.8072″E / 11.164987000°S 39.260502000°E / -11.164987000; 39.260502000):^[5]

VIC moodelaysan (1999–2008)	MFR qulqulka lagu qiyaasay (1999–2008)	UNH-GRDC muddada taariikhiga ah (1957–1999)
Celceliska qulqulka
1,864 m³/s (65,800 cu ft/s)	1,866 m³/s (65,900 cu ft/s)	1,838 m³/s (64,900 cu ft/s)
Qulqulka ugu badan
22,365 m³/s (789,800 cu ft/s)	22,630 m³/s (799,000 cu ft/s)	22,053 m³/s (778,800 cu ft/s)

Celceliska qulqulka billaha ah ee Webiga Rovuma (11°9′53.9532″S 39°15′37.8072″E / 11.164987000°S 39.260502000°E / -11.164987000; 39.260502000), UNH-GRDC muddada taariikhiga ah (1957–1999):^[5]

Bisha	Qulqulka (m³/s)
JAN	3,340
FEB	4,040
MAR	5,390
APR	3,880
MAY	1,780
JUN	780
JUL	350
AUG	160
SEP	50
OCT	80
NOV	270
DEC	1,940

Wabi-gacmeedyada

Wabi-gacmeedyada ugu waaweyn ee Webiga Rovuma:^[2]

Wabi-gacmeedka bidixda	Wabi-gacmeedka midigta	Dhererka (km)	Cabbirka basin-ka (km²)	Celceliska qulqulka (m³/s)
Rovuma		760	155,316.4	1,773
Kitama		70	1,065.8	12.3
	Matiu	100	1,920.1	26.1
Mwiti		80	994.2	14
	Ninga	100	1,572.8	19.8
Miesi		80	946.7	12.5
Mbangala		160	3 598.2	44.4
	Lugenda	650	60,990.4	752.1
Lukwika		100	1,331.5	16.3
	Manjesi	90	1,084.2	16.3
Lumesule		180	2,342.8	28.9
Muhuwesi		240	10,319.6	137.3
Mzinieva		100	1,285.4	22.5
Chimovero			638.3	11.2
	Licombe	60	975.7	16
Lukembule			1,234.6	21.6
	Chiluezi		3,544.9	55.1
	Lopele		763.1	13.3
Luvingo		80	592.4	10.3
	Ludimilé		1,129.4	20.7
Sasawara		90	2,322.8	37.3
Msangesi		120	1,614.1	23.8
	Lipapa		753.5	14.2
	Lussanhando		2,863.2	51.9
	Lucheringo	250	9,288.1	200.5
	Lualece	60	611.9	11
Miongosi		50	964.3	11.6
Likonde		150	5,914.8	61.2
Mlongasi		100	960.8	11.9
	Messinge	238	7,525.4	174.8
Lunyere		190	6,210.1	78.7

Dulmar

Webiga hoose ee Ruvuma waxaa sameeyay isgoyska 11° 25′ S, 38° 31′ E ee laba laamood oo muhiimad siman leh, kuwaas oo ka dheer, Lujenda, wuxuu ka yimaadaa koonfur-galbeed, kan kale, oo weli sita magaca Ruvuma, galbeedka. Isha ay ku taal waa madal dusha sare ah, 1,000 m (3,300 ft) sare, isla markiiba bari ka xigta Harada Nyasa, at 10° 45′ S, 35° 40′ E, iyada oo madaxa-qulqulka uu socdo marka hore xagga galbeed ka hor inta uusan u leexan koonfur iyo bari.

Koorsadiisa bari, Ruvuma wuxuu u socdaa meel u dhow salka buuraha ee sandstone madal oo ku taal waqooyiga, kaas oo jihadaas durdurrada, kuwaas oo iska jaray kanaalo qoto dheer oo ku yaal cidhifka madasha, waxay dhammaantood leeyihiin koorsooyin gaaban.

Bangiga ka soo horjeeda Ruvuma wuxuu helayaa, marka laga reebo Lujenda, Webiga Msinje iyo Webiga Luchulingo, oo ku qulqulaya dooxooyin ballaaran oo ka socda koonfur ilaa waqooyi. Lujenda wuxuu ka kacaa meel u dhow Harada Chilwa, ee Harada Chiuta yar (520 m, 1,700 ft), qulqul-ta koonfurta tan waxaa laga soocay Chilwa kaliya by buur cidhiidhi ah oo qoryo leh. Durdurka ka soo baxa Chiuta wuxuu maraa dooxada qulqulaya ee ku taal Harada cidhiidhiga ah ee Amaramba, taas oo Lujenda River ay ugu dambeyntii ka soo baxdo sida durdur 80 yards (73 m) ballac ah.

Hoos u dhaca wuu ku kala duwan yahay ballaca, isagoo ku jira qaybo badan oo qoryo leh jasiirado kuwaas oo kor u kaca heerka fatahaadda, oo badanaa la deggan yahay. Webigu waa mid la dhex mari karo meelo badan xilliga xilliga qalalan. Afkiisa wuxuu ku saabsan yahay 1 mile (1.6 km) ballac.

Ruvuma hoose, oo badanaa ah ¹⁄₂ mile (0.8 km) ballac laakiin guud ahaan gacmeed, wuxuu ku qulqulaa dooxada qulqulaya oo ay ku wareegsan yihiin buuraha madasha oo ay ku jiraan dhowr backwater yar oo webiga ah. Afka wuxuu ku yaal meel u dhow 10° 28′ S, 40° 30′ E, xadka u dhow xeebta oo ay samaysay barbar-dhaca 10° 40′ S. Dhererka Ruvuma waa qiyaastii 500 miles (800 km).

Buundada

Buundada loo yaqaan Buundada Midnimada ee ka gudubta webiga u dhexeeya Mozambique iyo Tanzania ayaa la soo jeediyay horraantii 1975, in kasta oo dhismihiisu bilaabmay, mashruuca waxaa laga tagay sababtoo ah lacag la'aan. Sannadkii 2002 labada dawladood ee qaranka ayaa sameeyay heshiis rasmi ah si ay u dhisaan buundada cusub oo 600 mitir ah oo ka gudubta webiga, tanina waxaa ugu dambeyntii lagu furay munaasabad 25 May 2010. Buundada waxay ku taal Negomano, 200 km (120 mi) gudaha iyo 100 km (62 mi) ka fog wadada ugu dhow ee Mozambique. Goobta waxaa lagu heshiiyey inta u dhaxaysa Madaxweyneyaasha Machel iyo Nyerere sababtoo ah tani waxay ahayd goobtii ugu horreysay ee soo gelitaanka Mozambique by Frelimo ciidamada Dagaalkii Xorriyadda Mozambique on 25 September 1964. Negomano waxay sidoo kale ahayd goobtii ay ciidamada Jarmalku kaga gudbeen webiga Rovuma 25 November 1917.^[6] Dhagaxyadii ugu horreeyay ee aasaasiga ah ayaa la dhigay dhinacyada Tanzania iyo Mozambique 10 October 2005. Dhismaha waxaa la dhammaystiray horraantii 2010 wuxuuna ku kacay US$28 milyan. Waxay ahaan jirtay suurtogal in laga gudbo webiga iyada oo la raacayo rafts (oo ku yaal dhinaca Tanzania) oo qaadi kara 3 jeeps. Doonidu waxay degtay 2008 lamana beddelin. Biyo yar oo webiga mararka qaarkood waa la dhex mari karaa 4-wheel drive wanaagsan.

Buundada yar oo loo yaqaan Unity Two ayaa sidoo kale la dhammaystiray 2007 ee Rovuma sare oo u dhow Matchedge ee Gobolka Niassa.

Xusuusin

1 2 Horumarinta Qorshaha Guud ee Maareynta Khayraadka Biyaha ee Mozambique Archived Juun 13, 2023 // Wayback Machine (PDF; 10,0 MB)
1 2 3 4 "Central East Coast".
↑ "GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP".
↑ Nakayama, Mikiyasu (2003). International Waters in Southern Africa (in Ingiriisi). United Nations University Press. ISBN 978-92-808-1077-6.
1 2 M.R., Minihane (2012). "Evaluation of streamflow estimates for the Rovuma River". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 50–52: 14–23. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2012.09.003.
↑ Paice, Edward, 2008, Tip & Run, Phoenix, p. 339 ISBN 978-0753823491

Tixraac

Maqaalkan waxaa ku jira qoraal laga soo qaatay daabacaad hadda ku jirta public domain: "Rovuma". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th) 23. (1911). Cambridge University Press.

[gwb-1] 1 2 Horumarinta Qorshaha Guud ee Maareynta Khayraadka Biyaha ee Mozambique Archived Juun 13, 2023 // Wayback Machine (PDF; 10,0 MB)

[Ceantral_East_Coast-2] 1 2 3 4 "Central East Coast".

[GEF_TWAP_-_Transboundary_Waters_Assessment_Programme_—_GEF_TWAP-3] "GEF TWAP - Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme — GEF TWAP".

[4] Nakayama, Mikiyasu (2003). International Waters in Southern Africa (in Ingiriisi). United Nations University Press. ISBN 978-92-808-1077-6.

[Evaluation_of_streamflow_estimates_for_the_Rovuma_River-5] 1 2 M.R., Minihane (2012). "Evaluation of streamflow estimates for the Rovuma River". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 50–52: 14–23. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2012.09.003.

[6] Paice, Edward, 2008, Tip & Run, Phoenix, p. 339 ISBN 978-0753823491

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