View source for Jadwalka Curiyayaasha

[[File:Simple Periodic Table Chart-en.svg|alt=Diwaanka Curiyr waxa Midabka loo sudhay si uu u muujiyo qaybaha isku isticmaalka ah. Waxay ku kala duwan yihiin dhanka ilaha markay noqoto xadadka u kala dhexeeya harooyinka|thumb|Diwaanka Curiyaasha]]
'''Jadwalka Curiyayaasha''' ama '''Kaltanka Curiyayaasha''' waa jadwal ama baddhig ka hadla curiyeyaasha kiimikada ah ee la yaqaan, inkastoo ay jadwallo kan ka horeeyay ay jiraan hadana jadwalkaan waxaa waxaa loo tiiriyaa inuu kiimikiistihii ruushka ahaa '''Dmitri Mendeleev''' sandkii 1869 ayuu u habeeyay hadba sida ay isu leeyihiin unugyada wareegooda iyo sida ay u falgalaan. ka dib 1911 henry mozili habaynta curiyeyaasha hadba tirada unugyada uu ka samaysanyahay, ama tirada barootoonada ku jira curiye walba, waayo markii la joogaba waxbaa laga badali jiray iyadoo lagu daray curiyeyaal la ogaaday oon awal ka mid ahayn, sida loogu kordhiyay tusaaleyaal aragtiyeed oo sharax siinaya qaababka iyo siyaha ay u shaqeeyaan curiyeyaasha kiimikada ah.

Jadwalka curiyeyaasha ayaa noqoday waqtigaan mid looga tiirsanyahay dhamaan iskoolada iyo goobaha kiimikada khuseeya, isagoo sahlay shaqada iyo ogaashah ama is barbar dhiga waxyaabah ay la gaarka yihiin curiyeyaasha kiimikada, 

Jadwalka curiyeyaasha ayaa leh fulinno fara badan oo kala duwan dhinaca kiimikada, fiisikiska, cilmiga noolaha iyo  dhismaha waliba dhismaha kiimikada.

== DHismaha Diwaanka curiyeyaasha ==
[[File:Simple Periodic Table Chart-en.svg|alt=5|thumb|222x222px|Diwaanka Curiyr waxa Midabka loo sudhay si uu u muujiyo qaybaha isku isticmaalka ah. Waxay ku kala duwan yihiin dhanka ilaha markay noqoto xadadka u kala dhexeeya harooyinka]]






= Shaxda Diiwaanka Curiye =
Qaab-dhismeedka miiska diiwaanka curiye waa shax ka kooban 18 saf oo kor ka imanaya ilaa hoos iyo 7 saf oo ka bilaabma midig ilaa bidix, iyo labo saf oo ka hooseeya. Sidoo kale, miiska jadwalka diiwaanka curiye waxaa loo kala jabin karaa afar afar-gees oo kala ah: [[s-block]] oo dhinaca bidix xiga, [[p-block]] oo dhanka midig xiga, [[d-block]] oo dhexda ku jira, iyo [[f-block]] oo ka hooseeya dhamaantoodba. 

Qaybaha khaanadaha safafka midig ilaa bidix waxaa loo yaqaanaa ''heerka'' (period), sida [[Heerka 1 ee curiye|heerka 1aad]], halka safafka khaanadaha kor ka imanaya loo yaqaano ''guruub'' (group) kuwaas oo qaarkood magacyo leeyihiin sida [[Biniktojiin]] ([[Pnictogen]]s) oo ah [[guruubka 15]]aad, [[Jaalkojiin]] (chalcogen) oo ah [[guruubka 16]]aad,[[Halogen]]s [[guruubka 17]]aad iyo [[Neefta Gobta]] (noble gas) [[guruubka 18]]aad. 

Dhamaan curiyaha ka soo biloow mida [[koow]]aad ee [[Haydarojiin]] oo leh tiro atomic 1 ilaa laga gaadho curiyaha 118 [[Ununoktiyaam]] waxaa la helay [[wakhti]]yo kala duwan iyo meelo kala duwan; ayadoo curiyaha 113, 115, 117 iyo 118 aan wali la xaqiijinin. 
In kastoo qaarkood la arko qadar iyo tiro aad u yar, 98ka curiye ee ugu horeeya jadwalka Diwaanka Curiye ayaa ah kuwo si dabiici ah looga helo [[qolof dhul|oogada]] [[dhul]]ka. 

{{Jadwalka Curiyayaasha}}

== Guruubyada Diwaanka Curiye ==

Marka laga waramayo jadwalka miiska [[Diwaanka Curiye]] [[Guruub]]ku waa guuto [[curiye]] isku astaan, dhaqan iyo calaamad ah kuwaas oo ku jira [[hal]] saf oo khaanadaha [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diwaanka Curiye]]. 

Shaxda jadwalka Diwaanka Curiye, oo uu sameeyay [[saynis]]yahan [[Ruushka|Ruush]] ah Dmitri Mendeleev, waxay ka kooban yihiin [[Guruub|18 Guruub]] kuwaas oo ey ku dhex jiraan dhamaan [[118ka Curiye]]. 
Inkastoo guruubyadu ku magacaaban yihiin [[tiro|tirada]] guruubka oo u dhexaysa [[kow|1]] ilaa [[toban|18]] qaarkood waxay leeyihiin magacyo u gaar ah, kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah [[Guruubka 15]]aad oo lagu magacaabo [[Biniktojiin]] ama ([[Pnictogen]]s), [[Guruubka 16]]aad oo ah [[Jaalkojiin]] ([[Chalcogen]]s), [[Guruubka 17]]aad oo lagu naaneyso [[Halogen]]s, iyo [[Guruubka 18]]aad oo loo yaqaano [[Neefta Gobta]] ama (Noble Gases). 
Waxayna kala yihiin: [[Guruubka 1]]aad ([[Birta Alkali]]), [[Guruubka 2]]aad ([[Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]]), [[Guruubka 3]]aad, [[Guruubka 4]]aad, [[Guruubka 5]]aad, [[Guruubka 6]]aad, [[Guruubka 7]]aad, [[Guruubka 8]]aad, [[Guruubka 9]]aad, [[Guruubka 10]]aad, [[Guruubka 11]]aad, [[Guruubka 12]]aad, [[Guruubka 13]]aad, [[Guruubka 14]]aad, [[Guruubka 15]]aad sidoo kale loo yaqaano [[Biniktojiin]] ama ([[Pnictogen]]s), [[Guruubka 16]]aad [[Jaalkojiin]] ([[Chalcogen]]s), [[Guruubka 17]]aad oo lagu naaneyso [[Halogen]]s, iyo [[Guruubka 18]]aad oo loo yaqaano [[Neefta Gobta]] ama (Noble Gases). 

Tirada [[curiye]] ee ku jirta khaanadaha guruubku way kala duwan yihiin. Qaarkood waxaa ku jira 8 curiye, kuwo kale wax ku dhex jira 6 curiye, halka guruubyada qaar ay ku dhex jiraan 4 curiye oo kali ah.

== Heerarka Diwaanka Curiye ==
[[File:Periodic_Table_2.svg|thumb|Heerarka Diwaanka Curiye.]]

Qaabdhismeedka shaxda miiska lagu ururiyey [[curiye]]yaasha ee loo yaqaano Diwaanka Curiye wuxuu leeyahay safaf khaanado u kala socdo kor iyo hoos ([[guruub]]), midig iyo bidix ([[heerka]]). 

[[Heerka|Heerku]] (period) waa safafka khaanadaha ee ka bilaabma midig ilaa bidix ee miiska jadwalka curiyayaasha, kuwaas oo ah [[todobo|todoba saf]] (7) oo qeybta sare ka kooban tahay iyo [[labo|labo saf]] oo ka hooseeya. 

Curiyayaasha ku jira saf heerka isku midka ah waxay leeyihiin [[cuf|cuf atomik]], awood aayano (ions), iyo is-heysad elektaroono isku mid ah. Ka soo biloow midig ilaa bidix tirada gacan-atomik hoos ayay u dhacdaa. Tani waxaa keentay isku xigida borotoonada iyo elektaroonada curiye ayaa aad ugu sii dhowaanaya bu'da atomka. 

Si ka duwan [[guruub]]yada, [[Heerka|Heerarka]] shaxda miiska diwaanka curiye ma lahan magacyo u gaar ah, laakiin waxaa lagu kala soocaa [[tiro]] kuwaas oo kala ah: [[Heerka 1 ee curiye|heerka 1aad]], [[Heerka 2 ee curiye|heerka 2aad]], [[Heerka 3 ee curiye|heerka 3aad]], [[Heerka 4 ee curiye|heerka 4aad]], [[Heerka 5 ee curiye|heerka 5aad]], [[Heerka 6 ee curiye|heerka 6aad]], iyo [[Heerka 7 ee curiye|heerka 7aad]]. Intaas waxaa soo raaca labo saf oo ka hooseeya kuwaas oo kala ah [[Lanthanides]] iyo [[Actinides]].

== Khaanadaha ==
=== S-Block ===

[[S-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]yaasha ku jira [[guruubka 12|2da guruub]] ee ugu horeeya guruubyada jadwalka Diwaanka Curiye. Kuwaas oo ka bilaabmaya [[guruubka 1]]aad iyo [[guruubka 2]]aad ee loo kala yaqaano [[Birta Alkali]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.cytss.edu.hk/chem/f67res/i1.pdf |access-date=2014-01-11 |archive-date=2013-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123202946/http://www.cytss.edu.hk/chem/f67res/i1.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> iyo [[Birta Alkalineta Dhulka]]. 

[[S-block]] curiyeyaasha ku jira waa kuwo intooda badan firfircoon oo leh astaamo iyo calaamado ka duwan dhamaan guruubyada kale ee Diwaanka Curiye. 

In kastoo ay ku jiraan khaanado kale, [[Haydarojiin]] iyo [[Hiliyaam]] waxaa lagu tiriyaa guruubkan s-block. 

Dhaqanka iyo astaamaha s-block waxay la xidhiidhaa [[tiro|tirada atomic]]<ref>http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/ElectronConfigurationString.sp.html</ref> ee curiyuhu leeyahay, midaas oo sii korodha marka la sii dhexgalo diwaanka curiye. 
Labada guruub ee s-block waxay leeyihiin tirooyinka atomik ee hoos ku xusan:

: [[Guruub|Guruubka 1aad]]:
:: [[Haydarojiin]] (Z=1), [[Liithiyaam]] (Z=3), [[Sodhiyaam]] (Z=11), [[Botashiyaam]] (Z=19), [[Rubiidhiyaam]] (Z=37), [[Kaasiyaam]] (Z=55), [[Faransiyaam]] (Z=87).
: [[Guruub|Guruubka 2aad]]:
::[[Beriiliyaam]] (Z=4), [[Magniisiyaam]] (Z=12), [[Kaalshiyaam]] (Z=20), [[Istoroontiyaam]] (Z=38), [[Baariyaam]] (Z=56), [[Raadhiyaam]] (Z=88).

=== D-Block ===

[[D-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]yaasha ku jira [[guruubka 3|9ka guruub]] ee ka bilaabma [[guruubka 3]]aad ilaa [[guruubka 12]]aad<ref name = Petrucci>R.H. Petrucci, W.S. Harwood and F.G. Herring “General Chemistry” (8th ed, Prentice-Hall 2002), p.341-2</ref><ref name=Housecroft>C.E. Housecroft and A.G. Sharpe “Inorganic Chemistry” (2nd ed, Pearson Prentice-Hall 2005), p..20-21</ref>. 
Curiyeyaasha d-block waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa [[Transitional Metal]]<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Journal of Chemical Education|volume = 80|issue = 8|year = 2003|url = http://www.uv.es/~borrasj/ingenieria_web/temas/tema_1/lecturas_comp/p952.pdf|title = The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table|first = William B.|last = Jensen|pages=952–961|doi = 10.1021/ed080p952|bibcode = 2003JChEd..80..952J }}</ref>. 

D-block curiyayaasha ku jira waxay leeyihiin [[tiro|tiro atomik]]<ref name=Petrucci/> ka bilaabanta s<sup>2</sup>d<sup>1</sup> (Guruub 3) ilaa s<sup>2</sup>d<sup>10</sup> (Guruub 12). Tusaale ahaan, Cr waa s<sup>1</sup>d<sup>5</sup> (ma ahan s<sup>2</sup>d<sup>4</sup>); sidoo kale, birta Guruubka 11waxay noqonayaan s<sup>1</sup>d<sup>10</sup> (ma ahan s<sup>2</sup>d<sup>9</sup>), taasi oo dhamaystireysa qolofka-d (d-subshell) ee Guruubka 11aad<ref name=Housecroft/><ref>F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson “Advanced Inorganic Chemistry” (5th ed, John Wiley 1988) p.625</ref>.

=== P-Block ===

[[P-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]yaasha ku jira [[guruubka 12|6da guruub]] ee ugu dambeeya guruubyada jadwalkani, marka laga reebo [[Hiliyaam]]ta oo ayadu ka mid ah [[s-block]]. Kuwaas oo ka bilaabmaya [[guruubka 12]]aa ilaa laga gaadho [[guruubka 18]]aad ee loo yaqaano [[Neefta Gobta]] (noble gases). 

[[P-block]] waxaa ku jira dhamaan [[Bir Ma Ahe]], birta daciifka ah iyo half-birta oo dhan. 

[[Guruub]]yada p-block waa:

* 13 (IIIB, IIIA): [[Guruubka Boron]]
* 14 (IVB, IVA): [[Guruubka 14|Guruubka Kaarboon]]
* 15 (VB, VA): [[Guruubka 15|Guruubka Nitrojiinta]] (ama [[Pnictogen]]s)
* 16 (VIB, VIA): [[Guruubka 16]]aad ama [[Chalcogen]]s
* 17 (VIIB, VIIA): [[Halogen]]s
* 18 (0, VIIIA): [[Neefta Gobta|Noble gases]] (marka laga reebo [[Hiliyaam]])

=== F-Block ===

[[F-block]]ta ku jirta [[Jadwalka Curiyayaasha|Diiwaanka Curiye]] waa [[curiye]]ha [[atom]]kiisa ama aayaniskiisu (ions) leeyihiin elektaroono hab wareeg f (f-orbital).
Curiyayaashan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanaa ''curiyayaasha dhexe ee transitionka''.

=== kooxaha ===

=== lambarada kooxaha ===

== Cadaydnta qaabka jadwalka ==

== Taariikhda Jadwalka curiyeyaasha ==

== Aragtida unuga ==

== Jadwallada cusub ==

== ADeegsiga jadwalka ==

== Curiyeyaasha astaantooda ==

== Sidoo kale fiiri ==
* [[Kimisteri]]

{{Jadwalka Curiyayaasha}}

[[Category:Kimisteri]]
[[Category:Fiisikis]]

== Tixraac ==