View source for Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya

{{Infobox country
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|conventional_long_name = Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya
|native_name =        ''Somali Democratic Republic'' 
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|leader_title1 = [[Madaxweyne]]
|leader_name1 = [[Maxammad Siyaad barre]]
|leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha|Ra'iisul wasaare]]
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'''Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya''' waa magacii ay Soomaaliya u bixisay diktatooriyaddii hantiwadaagga ee dilkii madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke kadib inqilaab militari 1969-kii kula wareegtay taliska dalka. Diktatooriyaddan maalintii ay dalka qabsatay illaa burburkeedii bishii Jannaayo 1991-dii, waxaa hoggaaminayay Sarre Gaas Maxammad Siyaad Barre.<ref> J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver, The Cambridge history of Africa, Volume 8, (Cambridge University Press: 1985), p.478.</ref> <ref> The Encyclopedia Americana: complete in thirty volumes. Skin to Sumac, Volume 25, (Grolier: 1995), p.214.</ref> <ref> Moshe Y. Sachs, Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, Volume 2, (Worldmark Press: 1988), p.290.</ref>

== Taariikh ==
[[Category:Taariikhda Soomaaliya]]
[[File:Muhammad Siad Barre - 40866X9X9.jpg|250px|left|thumb|[[Siyaad Barre]] iyo madaxweynihii Roomaaniya [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] mar ay kulmeen 1976-dii]]

=== Golihii Sare ee Kacaanka ===
Lix maalin kadib dilkii madaxweyne Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke, waxaa inqilaab uunan dhiig ku daadan maamulka dalka kula wareegay sarkaallo la baxay magaca Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka oo ka tirsanaa Ciidamada Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliya oo ay hoggaaminayeen Gaashaanle Dhexe Salaad Gabeyre Kediye, Taliyihii Ciidamada Booliiska Jaamac Qorsheel iyo Gaashaanle Gaas Maxammed Siyaad Barre. <ref>https://books.google.no/books?id=0m9yAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref> Ciidamadan iyo labo dersin oo kale oo inta badan ka tirsanaa Xoogga Dalka, waxay kala direen baarlamaanka iyo Maxkamadda Qaranka, dhinac isaga xooreen dastuurka, mamnuuceen xisbiyada siyaasadda, xabsigana ku tuureen hoggaamiyeyaal uu ka mid ahaa Ra’iisal Wasaarihii dowladdii dimoqraadiga Maxammed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal.<ref>Waayihii Soomaaliya by Cabdi Jaamac Aw-Aden, p124</ref>
 


Sanadihii hore maamulkan cusub wuxuu qabtay howlo lagu dhisayo dalka, wuxuuna ku guuleystay in uu diyaariyo farta Soomaaliga iyo olole miyi iyo magaalo eh oo kor loogu qaaday aqoonta akhriska iyo qoraalka ee ummadda Soomaaliyeed. Maamulkan oo ka dabqaadanaya mowqifka hantiwadaagga eh ee uu sheeganayay wuxuu qarameeyay ganacsiyo iyo dhul qaas loo lahaa, wuxuu kaloo xoojiyay xiriirka caalamiga ahaa ee u dhexeeyay Soomaaliya iyo dalalka Carabta, taa oo ay tusaale u tahay in Soomaaliya ay 1974-tii ku biirtay Jaamacadda Carabta. Isla sanadka madaxweynaha Soomaaliya, Maxammed Siyaad Barre, wuxuu la wareegay oo hayay hoggaanka Ururka Midowga Afrika.<ref>Oihe Yang, ''Africa South of the Sahara 2001'', 30th Ed. (Taylor and Francis: 2000), p.1025.</ref>
1976-dii Golihii Sare ee Kacaanka waa la kala diray, beddelkiisana waxaa la dhisay Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga. Xisbigaan oo ahaa kan keliya ee dalka laga oggolaa, wuxuu sheegtay in uu ku dhisnaa idoloojiyada hantiwadaagga cilmiyeysan iyo tiirarka Diinta Islaamka. Su’aalaha laga qabo in idoloojiyo cadow ku eh diinaha lala daaddihin karo tiirarka Diinta Islaamka iyagoo ka hortagaya, waxay dowladdan iyo xubnaheedu sheegi jireen in horumarka bulshada, isla sinnaanta, iyo lahaanshaha dowladdu leedahay qalabka iyo ilaha wax soo saara, aynan ka soo horjeedin diinta.<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy'', (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p.279.</ref>


1976-dii Golihii Sare ee Kacaanka waa la kala diray, beddelkiisana waxaa la dhisay Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga. Xisbigaan oo ahaa kan keliya ee dalka laga oggolaa, wuxuu sheegtay in uu ku dhisnaa idoloojiyada hantiwadaagga cilmiyeysan iyo tiirarka Diinta Islaamka. Su’aalaha laga qabo in idoloojiyo cadow ku eh diinaha lala daaddihin karo tiirarka Diinta Islaamka iyagoo ka hortagaya, waxay dowladdan iyo xubnaheedu sheegi jireen in horumarka bulshada, isla sinnaanta, iyo lahaanshaha dowladdu leedahay qalabka iyo ilaha wax soo saara, aynan ka soo horjeedin diinta.<ref>Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, ''The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy'', (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p.279.</ref>

== Dagaalkii lagu xoraynayay Soomaali Galbeed ==
Bishii Luuliyo 1977-dii dowladdii Siyaad Barre, oo damacsansayd in ay taabbagaliso riyada Soomaaliweyn, kana billowdo dhulka Soomaalidu degto ee Ogaadeen, waxay weerar ku qaadday dalka Itoobiya. Billowgii dagaalka Ciidamada Xoogga Dalku guulo waaweyn oo lamafilaan la ahaa lafagurayaasha arrimaha militariga ee Maraykanka, oo bannaanka ka taagnaa arrintan, ayay dagaalka ka gaareen, waxayna cagtoodu soo taabatay illaa Gobolka Sidaamo ee koonfurta Itoobiya. Bishii Seteembar ciidamada Soomaaliya waxaa gacantooda ku jirtay 90% Dhulka Soomaali Galbeed oo ay ka mid ahayd caasimadda gobolkaa ee Jigjigo, waxayna afka u saarnaayeen in ay la wareegaan magaalada Diri Dhabo, taa oo goyn lahayn jidka tareenka ee quutul daruuriga dalka Itoobiya uga keeni jiray Jabuuti.
Dagaalka oo meeshan maraya ayuu Midowgii Sofiyeetiga, oo Barre kala taliyay in uu weeraro maamulka shuuciga eh ee afgembis sanado ka hor awoodda kala wareegay boqorkii Xeyla Salaase, wuxuu 1978-dii billaabay in uu hub iyo kummannaan ciidan oo khubrad leh u soo diro Itoobiya. Isla markaa waxaa kaloo dagaalka dhinaca Itoobiya ku soo biiray ciidammo 20 000 gaaraya oo uu soo diray dalka Kuuba.

Dagaalka oo meeshan maraya ayuu Midowgii Sofiyeetiga, oo Barre kala taliyay in uu weeraro maamulka shuuciga eh ee afgembis sanado ka hor awoodda kala wareegay boqorkii Xeyla Salaase, wuxuu 1978-dii billaabay in uu hub iyo kummannaan ciidan oo khubrad leh u soo diro Itoobiya. Isla markaa waxaa kaloo dagaalka dhinaca Itoobiya ku soo biiray ciidammo 20 000 gaaraya oo uu soo diray dalka Kuuba.

Laga billaabo waagan ciidamada Soomaaliya waxaa lala dhacay guuldarrooyin isdabajoog eh oo ku qasabtay in ay dhulkii ay qabsadeen oo dhan ay ka dabagurtaan. Barre oo damacsan in uu guuldarradan soo wajahday ka badbaadiyo wuxuu ka badbaadin karo, wuxuu, markuu jaray xiriirkii u dhexeeyay Soomaaliya iyo Midowgii Sofiyeetiga kadib, caawin raadis asagoo eh asagoo u tagay Mareykanka, kana codsaday caawin militari. In kasta oo Mareykanku uu in dheer raadinayay in uu xiriir dhow la yeesho Soomaaliya, haddana diyaar uma ahayn in uu dagaalka uu dhulballaareysiga u arkay ku saacido hub sii wada.

== Burburkii ==
Burburkii dowladdii kacaanka wuxuu billowday saddax isbuuc kedib duullaankii dowladdii Barre looga guuleystay. 9-kii bishii Abrill 1978-dii, saraakiil ka tirsanaa Ciidamada Xoogga Dalka, oo uu hoggaamiyeyaasheedu ka tirsanaa kornayl Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmad, ayaa ku heshiiyay in ay ridaan dowladdii Siyaad Barre. Afgembiskaasi se wuu fashilmay. Dowladda Barre oo weli la ciilsan guuldarradii duullaanka, waxay billowday in ay ka aarsato cid kasta oo ay u aragto in ay khalkhal gelin karto taliskeeda, waxayna ka billowday saraakiishii soo abaabulay afgembiska, iyo xataa kuwo aanan ka warqabin oo tuhun lee xabsi iyo dil lagu xukumay.<ref>''ARR: Arab report and record'', (Economic Features, ltd.: 1978), p.602.</ref> Kornayl Cabdullaahi Yuusuf Axmad, oo noqday saraakiisha fara ku tiriska eh ee ka baxsaday qafaalladii lagu soo uruuriyay abaabulayaashii inqilaabka, wuxuu u baxsaday dalka Keenya, mar dambana tagay Itoobiya. Halkaa oo uu kaga soo mid noqday aasaasayaashii iyo hoggaamiyeyaashii jabhaddii SSPM, taa oo noqatay jabhaddii koowaad ee hub u soo qaadata in ay riddo xukuumaddii Siyaad Barre.<ref>Nina J. Fitzgerald, ''Somalia: issues, history, and bibliography'', (Nova Publishers: 2002), p.25.</ref>


Illaa 1977-dii dowladdii Barre waxay ku howlaneed sidii ay hay’adaheeda iyo dhaqankeeda ula mataaneyn lahayd Midowga Sofiyeetiga. Kala jabkii 1977-dii ayaa se taa joojiyay. Xukuumadda, oo si cad ugu baahnayd inay taageero ka hesho hay’adaha gargaarka iyo maaliyadda ee dunida, taana ay ku xirnayd in Mareykanku ugu yaraan uunan ka soo horjeedsan in lala shaqeeyo, waxay 1979-kii go’aansatay in ay iska dhigto sida xukuumad dastuur ku dhaqanta. Dastuurkan, oo soo baxay 1979-kii, soo saaristiisa laba ujeeddo ayaa laga lahaa. Ujeedada kowaad waxay ahayd tu dunida, siiba Maraykanka, la rabay in lagaga dhaadhiciyo in dowladda Barre ay ahayd tu qaanuun ku dhaqanta, oo maamulkeedu uunan ku shaqeyn keliya fikrad kasta oo diktatoorkaa uu la soo tooso. Ujeedada labaad gudaha ayay ku jeedday, waxayna ahayd in dastuurka, iyo Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Soomaaliya, oo dastuurku ka dhigay kan keliya ee sharciyeysan ee dalka ka jiri kara, loogu adeegsado ololeyaal lagu buunbuuniyo taageerada ballaaran ee ay xukuumaddu ka heysato shacabka.<ref>''The Encyclopedia Americana: complete in thirty volumes. Skin to Sumac'', Volume 25, (Grolier: 1995), p.214.</ref> Labadaba dowladdu kuma guuleysan, taa oo isla sanadkii ku xigay ee 1980-kii, soo celiyay Golihii Sare ee Kacaanka. 


Tobankii sano ee ka horreeyay burburkii dowladdii kacaanka, waa kuwo sanadba ka sanad ay dowladdu caadeysatay in ay kor u sii qaaddo kadeedka ummadda, cabburista mucaaradka, iyo musuqmaasuqa ay xubnaheedu ku xalaaleysanayeen deeqaha dunida iyo moonabooliyada ilaha kooban ee ganacsi ee dalka ka jiray. Dhammaadkii 1980-nadii xukunnadii Maxkamaddii Badbaadada Qaranka iyo xabsi ku tuurkii mucaaradka ee caadada u ahaan jiray, waxay ku beddeshay dilal qarsoon iyo xadgudubyo aanan la soo koobi karin ee ay ku xadgudubtay xuquuqda ummadda.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Making-Unmaking-Nations-Leadership-Genocide/dp/0801479681</ref> Xadgudubyadan waa kuwa dhaliyay jabhadihii badnaa ee qabiiliga ahaa ee wakhtigaan la aasaasay, oo intooda badan ay soo hubeysay dowladdii [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]. Jabhadaha wakhtigaan la aasaasay waxaa ka mid ahaa SSDF (Majeerteen), SNM (Isaaq), USC (Hawiye). Dhinaca rayidka ururrada dabago’ii xukuumaddii Siyaad Barre soo baxay kan ugu caansan wuxuu ahaa kii Kooxdii Manifeesto.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Suicidal-State-Somalia-Regime-1969-1991/dp/0761867198

</ref> Kooxdan oo ka koobnayd Soomaali isugu jirta aqoonyahanno, wadaaddo, ganacsato iyo siyaasiyiin, waxay damacsanaayeen in Siyaad Barre wadahadal kursiga looga dejiyo. Ma se noqon tu dhacda. 


21 sano kadib markii uu afgembis militari talada kula wareegay, ayaa asagana awood militari looga burisay aqalka madaxtooyada 26-kii Janaayo 1991-dii. Dirirkii u dhexeeyay kooxihii riday, wuxuu shiday dagaallo sokeeye oo dabkoodu uunan weli demin.   
 
== Madaxweyne ==

* Maxammad Siyaad Barre (21-kii Oktoobar-illaa-26-kii Janaayo 1991-dii)

== Ra'iisul wasaareyaasha ==

* Maxammad Faarax Salaad (1-dii Nofeembar-illaa-Maarso 1970-kii) 
* Jegadan cidna looma magacaabin (Maarso 1970-kii illaa 1-dii Feberaayo 1987-dii)
* Maxammad Cali Samatar (1-dii Feberaayo 1987-dii-illaa 3-dii Seteembar 1990-kii)
* Maxmmad Xawaadle Madar (3-dii Seteembar-illaa-24-tii Seteembar 1991)

== Tixraac ==
{{Reflist}}