Aleksander ee haldoorsan ah

Aleksander ee haldoorsan ah (ingiriis: Alexander the Great) ama Iskander ee Saa'id ah wuxuu ahaa nin reer Masedooniya ah, wuxuu na ku dhashay 356 BC magaalada Pella, oo ahayd caasimadda Masedooniya, wuxuuna ahaa wiilka Boqor Philip II iyo Boqoradda Olympias. Kadib dilkii aabihiis ee 336 BCE, Iskander wuxuu noqday boqor da'da yar ee 20 jir ah. Xilkiisa waxaa loo yqaana guulihiisa milatari ee layaabka iyo wacdaraha lahaa iyo abuurista mid ka mid ah boqortooyinka ugu weyn taariikhda.

Qodobbada ugu horreeya ee Iskander wuxuu ku bilaabay mideynta Giriigga, kadibna wuxuu ballaariyay boqortooyadiisa ilaa Masar, Faaris iyo xitaa qeybaha Hindiya. Tabkiisa iyo xeeladahiisa ciidameed iyo hoggaamintiisa waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan wacdaro ah, taasoo siisay sumcad weyn oo uu ku noqday mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ciidan ee ugu caansan taariikhda. Dagaallada sida Dagaalkii Granicus, Dagaalkii Issus, iyo Dagaalkii Gaugamela waxay muujinayeen kaska iyo xeeladiisa dagaal.^[1]

Marka laga soo tago guulihiisa milatari, Iskander wuxuu sidoo kale faafiyey dhaqanka Giriiga ee dhulka uu qabsaday, isagoo hortibiyay fikradda ah Hellenization (nashiraynta dhaqanka Giriigga). Magaalooyinka sida Alexandria waxay noqdeen xarumo dhaqameed iyo waxbarasho oo firfircoon, kuwaasoo saameyn ku yeeshay farshaxanka, falsafadda, iyo dhismaha jiilalka soo socda.

Iskander wuxuu ku geeriyooday 323 BCE isagoo jira 32 sano, iyadoo sababta dhimashadiisa ilaa hadda laga doodayo – waxaa laga yaabaa inay ahayd cudur ama sun lagu soo daadiyey. Geeridiisu waxay keentay in boqortooyadiisa la qaybsamo, iyadoo guud ahaan hogaamiyaasha milatarigiisa, oo loo yaqaan Diadochi, ay isku dheceen si ay u helaan xukunka dhulalka ballaaran ee uu dhisay.

Marjac

↑ Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2009), The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Mosul to Zirid, Volume 3. (Oxford University Press Incorporated, 2009), 385; "[Khojand, Tajikistan]; As the easternmost outpost of the empire of Alexander the Great, the city was renamed Alexandria Eschate ("furthest Alexandria") in 329 BCE."

[1] Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2009), The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture: Mosul to Zirid, Volume 3. (Oxford University Press Incorporated, 2009), 385; "[Khojand, Tajikistan]; As the easternmost outpost of the empire of Alexander the Great, the city was renamed Alexandria Eschate ("furthest Alexandria") in 329 BCE."

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