U bood nuxurka

Bartire

Laga soo xigtay Wikipedia, Insaykalobeedhiya xorta ah
Luqada

Af-Soomaali

Diinta

Islaam (Sunni)

Dadka ay dhalyo wadagaan

Abaskuul, Ogaadeen, Absame, Daarood, iyo kuwo kale Qabaa'ilka Soomaalida

Bartire (Af Soomaali: Bartirre, Af Carabi: بارتري), (ama Barre Jidwaaq Absame) waa beel-hoosaad Soomaaliyeed, oo ka tirsan Jidwaaq ee laanta weyn ee Absame,[1] taas oo ka tirsan qabiilka Darod.[2] Mid ka mid ah qoysaskii qabiil ee Soomaaliyeed ee ugu waaweyn.[3][4]

Guud mar

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Xubnaha beesha Bartire waxay inta badan degaan dhulka barwaaqada iyo beeralayda ah ee Somali Region ee Itoobiya. Waxay degaan agagaarka magaalada Jigjiga[5] oo ku fidsan ilaa hoose ee Fafan iyo qaybaha sare ee Jarar. Iyagoo ku nool gobolladan garabka Abaskuul iyo Yabaree, oo ay wadajir u yihiin Jidwaaq. Bartire waxay sidoo kale degaan Somalia, inta badan gobolka koonfureed ee Jubaland magaalada Bu'ale, iyo gudaha Xagar oo u dhow magaalada Kismayo.[6] Waxay sidoo kale xuduud la leeyihiin beesha Ogaden iyo Habar Awal ee qabiilka Isaaq.[7] Dhaqan ahaan Jigjiga waa kursiga Garaadka Bartire ee Wiil-Waal.[8]

NRC clan map of Greater Somalia.

Taariikhda

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Habr Maqdi waxay ahayd isbahaysi Soomaaliyeed oo ka kooban beel-hoosaadyada Bartire iyo Yabaree, haddana waa qayb ka mid ah Jidwaaq. Labada beel-hoosaadba si cad ayaa loogu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habasha.[9] Sida uu xusay qoraaga Faransiiska ee casriga ah, Amelia Checkroun;

Qaar ka mid ah qabiilooyinka waxaa loo qaybiyaa "beel-hoosaadyo", sida Bartirri oo midaydihayay Habr Maqdi iyo Gawätir. Uma muuqato inay jirto wax maamul ah oo Soomaali ah oo mideynaya dhammaan qabiilooyinka hal amar hoostiisa. Markaa marka ay isku dhacaan laba qabiil, waxay u jeestaan xukunka imaamka."[9]

Bartire xilligii Adal Sultanate boqortooyadii, waxay ka qayb qaateen dagaalkii Ethiopian-Adal War.[10] Waxay caan ku ahaayeen in ay lahaayeen ciidan weyn oo ay la socdeen Yabaree. Waxay sidoo kale daacad u ahaayeen Imaam Axmed Gurey. Intii uu socday dagaalkii Qabsashadii Xabashada beel-hoosaadyadii ka koobnaa Habar Maqdi waxay inta badan u qaybsami jireen laba jabhadood oo ciidan.[11] Axmed Geri bin Xuseen waxa uu hoggaaminayay beel-hoosaadka Yabaree, halka beel-hoosaadka Bartire uu hoggaaminayay amiir ka tirsan Malassay oo la odhan jiray Garad Dhaweyd.[12] Carab Faqih wuxuu xaqiijiyay in Habar Maqdi ay ku jireen xubno ka tirsan Bartire.

"Kadib wuxuu ciidankiisii u qaybiyay saddex qaybood. Tan koowaad waxay ka koobnayd dadkii Sim, qabiilkii Marraihan iyo Bar Tarri oo ah Habr Maqdi iyo dadkii Jawatir: waxay ahaayeen hoggaanka wasiir 'Addol."[11]

Waa la caddeeyey in beel-hoosaadka Bartire ee Habar Maqdi uu gacanta ku hayay ganacsiga iyo jidka safarka ee ku socday Berbera.[13] Baare caan ku ah safarradiisa Afrika, aqoonyahan iyo askari Ingiriis ah, Richard Burton wuxuu iftiimiyay xiriirka fog ee Bartire la lahaa Emirs of Harar.[14] Sarkaalka ciidanku wuxuu qorayay;

Berteri, oo degan buuraha Gurays, ee koonfurta ka xiga, xadna la leh Galaha, halkaasna u fidsan bari ilaa buuraha Jigjiga, waxaa lagu qiyaasaa 3000 oo gaashaan. Asal ahaan waa Daarood, waxay adeecayaan Garaad Xirsi, waxayna markii aan dalka soo booqday ku jireen xaalad xun oo Geri ah. Qoyska madaxda ayaa dhowr qarni la xiriiray Amiirrada Harar, jidka safarka ee u socda iyo ka imanaya Berberah ee soo dhex mara dalkiisa, wuxuu ka dhigayaa saaxiib waxtar leh iyo cadow halis ah.[15]:278

Garaad Hirsi Garad Farah Garaad Hirsi
Garad Hirsi Garad Farah Garad Hirsi Garad Wiil Waal (Wiil-Waal), qarnigii 17aad Garad ee Absame.

Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi, ama si fiican loogu yaqaan Garad Wiil Waal (Af Soomaali: Garaad Xirsi Faraax Xirsi Wiil-Waal, Af Amxaari: ገራድ ዊልዋል). Garad Wiil Waal wuxuu ahaa boqor dhaqameed Soomaaliyeed oo noolaa qarnigii 19aad gudaha Jigjiga.[16] Waxa uu ka soo jeeday Bartire Jidwaaq beel-hoosaadka qoyska weyn ee Darod.[15] Sida taariikhdu qorto Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi wuxuu ahaa nin xukun adag iyo xigmad leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale lagu sifeeyay mid naxariis daran oo aan cafin, taas oo u soo jiiday naanaysta "Wiil-Waal," taas oo, marka si toos ah looga turjumo Soomaaliga, ay ka dhigan tahay "Crazy Boy."[17] Wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye inta badan nolosadiisa ku qaatay duullaamo joogto ah iyo difaac. Wuxuu xukumay oo ka xoreeyay Soomaalida Oromada Galla taasoo hadda qayb ka ah Jigjiga iyo deegaannada ku xeeran.[15]

Ku saabsan Garaad Xirsi warar kala duwan ayaa soo baxay: qaar waxay ku sifeeyeen inuu yahay mid naxariis daran, rabshado wata, oo hunguri weyn leh; kuwa kalena waxay ka hadleen isaga oo ah nin Alle ka cabsi qada (nin) iyo qof tukasho badan: dhammaantood, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay isku raaceen inuu beeray digir duurjoog ah. Astaamaha tawbadkeenka, wuxuu jeclaa inuu quudiyo wadaadada, Sheekh Jaamac ee Hararuna wuxuu ahaa marti joogto ah oo ku sugnayd xeryahiisa.[15]

Sheekada Wiil Waal waxaa loo beddelay buug carruur ah oo laba luuqadood ah (Ingiriis iyo Soomaali) oo hoos imaanaya "Somali Bilingual Book Project" Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale waxaa qoray Kathleen Moriarty, oo ay sawirtay Amin Amir iyo turjumaad by Jamal Adam. Waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu baro dhaqanka Soomaalida, xigmadda, iyo muhiimadda fikirka caqli-galnimada ah.[18]

Abtirsiinta

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Ma jiro wax heshiis ah oo cad oo ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedka qabiilka iyo beel-hoosaadka, qaar badan oo ka mid ah abtirsiinta waa la tirtiray.[xigasho u-baahan] Liiska soo socda waxaa laga soo qaatay World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics ee 2005 iyo United Kingdom's Home Office daabacaadda, Somalia Assessment 2001.[19][20]

Dad caan ah

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  • Garaad Kulmiye Maxamed Dool (Wiil-Waal), Hadda Garad ee Absame iyo hoggaamiyaha Golaha Odayaasha Somali Region.[21]
    Garad Kulmiye Garad Mohammed Garad Dool.
  • Hasan Muhumed (Xasan Daadhi), Wasiirkii hore ee Khayraadka Biyaha ee Somali Region.
  • Axmed Shukri Cabdi Faarax (Axmed Shukri) Wasaaradda Horumarinta Magaalooyinka iyo Dhismaha ee Dowlad Deegaanka Soomaalida (SRS).
  • Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi (Wiil-Waal), Hogaamiye, Tii 17aad ee Bartire Garad ee Absame. Garoonka Diyaaradaha Jigjiga (JIJ) waxaa loogu magac daray isaga.[22]

Sidoo kale eeg

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Tixraacyada

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Xigashooyinka

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. ↑ Ciisa-Salwe, Cabdisalaam M. (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy (in Ingiriisi). HAAN. ISBN 978-1-874209-27-0.
  2. ↑ Wimmer, Andreas (2020-04-28). Nation Building: Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart (in Ingiriisi). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-20294-5.
  3. ↑ "Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples". Minority Rights Group International. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  4. ↑ Lewis, Ioan M (July 1959). "Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 29 (3): 274–293. doi:10.2307/1157617. JSTOR 1157617. S2CID 143243256. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  5. ↑ Brons, Maria (2001). Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State in Somalia: From Statelessness to Statelessness? (in Ingiriisi). International Books. ISBN 978-90-5727-038-3.
  6. ↑ "Somalia: Information on current situation of the Bartire subclan of the Darod, including where they are located". Somali specialist, political science department, Davidson College. 26 September 1996. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  7. ↑ Hagmann, Tobias; Péclard, Didier (2011). Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa (in Ingiriisi). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1002/9781444395587.ch1. ISBN 978-1-4443-9558-7.
  8. ↑ Coger, Greta M. (1996-05-30). New Perspectives on Margaret Laurence: Poetic Narrative, Multiculturalism, and Feminism (in Ingiriisi). Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-313-29042-8.
  9. 1 2 checkroun, Amelia (2013). "Le" Futuh al-Habasa": ´ecriture de l'histoire, guerre et soci´et´e dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-din (Ethiopie, XVIe si'ecle)" (PDF). Futuh Al-Habasa: 192.
  10. ↑ Shihāb, al-Dīn Aḥmad (2003). The Conquest of Abyssinia 16th Century. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-9723172-5-2.
  11. 1 2 al-Dīn, Shihāb (2003). The Conquest of Abyssinia. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 125. ISBN 0-9723172-6-0.
  12. ↑ "Cahiers d'études africaines". Cahiers d'études africaines. 2: 30. 1961 – via Google books.
  13. ↑ Francis Burton, Sir Richard (1856). "First Footsteps in East Africa". An Explanation of Harar: 278.
  14. ↑ "First Footsteps in East Africa An Explanation of Harar". Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 1856. p. 278. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar (in Ingiriisi). Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
  16. ↑ islamicschoollibrarian (2022-03-30). "Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale retold by Kathleen Moriarty illustrated by Amin Amir and Somali translation by Jamal Adam". Islamic School Librarian (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2024-12-09.
  17. ↑ Emmenegger, Rony (2021-10-01). "Unsettling sovereignty: Violence, myths and the politics of history in the Ethiopian Somali metropolis". Political Geography. 90 102476. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2021.102476. ISSN 0962-6298.
  18. ↑ Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale (in Ingiriisi). Minnesota Humanities Center/Somali Bilingual Book Project. 2007. ISBN 978-1-931016-17-9.
  19. ↑ Somalia Assessment, 2001 October Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure Archived Luuliyo 16, 2011 // Wayback Machine Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine p. 43
  20. ↑ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2024-12-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) p.55 Figure A-1
  21. ↑ "Somaliland and SSC Khaatumo leaders signal readiness for peace talks". www.hiiraan.com (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). Retrieved 2025-05-18.
  22. ↑ "Ethiopian Airlines chooses S4GA runway lighting for Jijiga Airport". Airport Suppliers (in Ingiriis Biritish). Retrieved 2025-05-18.
Waxaa laga keenay "https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bartire&oldid=310020"