U bood nuxurka

Jaamacadda Maraykanka

Laga soo xigtay Wikipedia, Insaykalobeedhiya xorta ah
Jaamacadda Mareykanka
Hal ku-dhegPro deo et patria (Laatiini)
NoocaGaar loo leeyahay federaal ahaan loo aqoonsaday jaamacad cilmi-baaris
La aasaasayFebraayo 24, 1893; 133 sanado ka hor (1893-02-24)
AasaasayaalJohn Fletcher Hurst
Aqoonsi rasmi ahMSCHE
Xiriirka diimeed
Kaniisadda Methodist-ka Midowday
Tacliimeed xiriirro
Deeq dhaqaale$1.12 bilyan (2025)[1]
MadaxweyneDavid Marchick (K MG)
Madaxa tacliintaVicky M. Wilkins
Ardayda13,019 (Dayrtii 2023)[2]
Ardayda heerka koowaad7,571 (Dayrtii 2023)
Ardayda heerka labaad3,613 (Dayrtii 2023)
Arday kale
1,835 (Dayrtii 2023)
Goobta
Washington, D.C.

38°56′14″N 77°05′13″W / 38.9371°N 77.0869°W / 38.9371; -77.0869
Goob waxbarashoMagaalo weyn,[3] 90 acres (36 ha)
WargeyskaThe Eagle
Midabyo  Casaan
  Buluug
  Caddaan
NaanaysGorgorrada
Xiriirka ciyaaraha
AstaanClawed Z. Eagle (Gorgorka)
Websiteamerican.edu Wax ka beddel tan Wikidata
Khariidad
Calanka Jaamacadda Mareykanka

Jaamacadda Mareykanka (ingiriisi: American University, oo loo soo gaabiyo AU ama American) waa jaamacad gaar loo leeyahay oo ku taal magaalada Washington, D.C., ee dalka Maraykanka. Xarunteeda weyn waxay ku fidsan tahay 90 acres (36 ha) oo ku taal Ward Circle, oo ka tirsan xaafadaha Spring Valley iyo Tenleytown ee Northwest D.C..

Jaamacadda waxaa lagu aasaasay sharci ka soo baxay Golaha Guurtida Maraykanka sanadkii 1893, iyada oo uu soo jeediyay bishop-kii Methodist-ka ahaa ee John Fletcher Hurst, kaas oo doonayay in uu abuuro hay'ad dhiirrigelisa adeegga bulshada, caalamiyeynta, iyo aragti-wanaagga dhabta ah.[4][5] Jaamacadda waxaa aasaasay Shirka Guud ee Methodist Episcopal Church oo ahayd hay'ad qaran oo Methodist ah.[6] Waxay weli xiriir la leedahay Kaniisadda Methodist-ka Midowday, hase yeeshee, xiriirka diimeed ma aha shuruud loo baahan yahay in lagu soo galo jaamacadda, shaqo looga helayo, mana aha shuruud akhris-aqooneed. AU waxay bilowday dhismaheedii 1902, waxayna furantahay iyada oo ah hay'ad waxbarasho oo heer sare ah (qalin-jabisa) 1914, iyada oo aqbashay ardaydii ugu horreysay ee shahaadada koowaad (undergraduate) sanadkii 1925.

AU waxay ka kooban tahay siddeed dugsi iyo kulliyadood: Dugsiga Adeegga Caalamiga ah; Kulliyadda Fanka iyo Sayniska; Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee Kogod; Dugsiga Isgaarsiinta; Dugsiga Daraasaadka Xirfadda iyo Baahsan; Dugsiga Arrimaha Dadweynaha; Dugsiga Waxbarashada ee Linda A. and H. Kent Baker; iyo Washington College of Law (WCL). Jaamacaddu waxay bixisaa in ka badan 160 barnaamijyo waxbarasho, oo ay ku jiraan 71 shahaadada koowaad ah, 87 shahaadada mastarka ah, iyo 10 shahaadada dhakhtarnimada (PhD), iyo waliba barnaamijyada JD, LLM, iyo SJD. Jaamacaddu waxay ka mid tahay jaamacadaha heerka R1 ee leh dhaqdhaqaaq cilmi-baaris oo sarreeya.[7] Iyada oo ay ardaydu ka badan yihiin 13,000 kana kala socda dhammaan 50-ka gobol ee Maraykanka iyo 141 waddan, ku dhawaad ​​shan meelood meel ardayda ayaa ah kuwo caalami ah. Ardayda ciyaaraha ee jaamacaddu waxay kula tartamaan kooxaha heerka jaamacadeed sida American Eagles ee NCAA Division I iyagoo xubin ka ah Patriot League.[8] AU waxay hoy u tahay Maktabadda Jack I. iyo Dorothy G. Bender, taas oo haysa in ka badan hal milyan oo buug waana qayb ka mid ah Washington Research Library Consortium, oo ay weheliso Maktabadda Sharci ee Pence ee WCL.[9] Jaamacadda Mareykanka waa mid ka mid ah saddexda dugsi ee ugu sarreeya ee ardaydoodu toos uga shaqo galaan Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda ee Maraykanka.[10]

Taariikhda

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Aasaaskii

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Albaabka hore ee Jaamacadda Mareykanka
Jaamacadda Mareykanka sanadkii 1916

Jaamacadda Mareykanka waxaa lagu aasaasay Degmada Columbia (District of Columbia) iyada oo ay sababtay sharci ka soo baxay Golaha Guurtida Disembar 5, 1892, taas oo inta badan ka dhalatay dadaalkii uu bixiyay bishop-kii Methodist-ka ahaa ee John Fletcher Hurst, kaas oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in uu abuuro hay'ad tababari karta shaqaalaha dowladda mustaqbalka. Hurst ayaa sidoo kale doortay goobta jaamacadda, taas oo ku tiilay hareeraha miyiga ah ee Washington, D.C..

Ka dib in ka badan saddex sano iyo bar oo loo huray inta badan helitaanka taageero dhaqaale, jaamacadda waxaa si rasmi ah loo daahfuray May 15, 1914. Waxbarashadu waxay bilaabatay Oktoobar 1914 iyada oo ay diiwaan gashanaayeen 28 arday, kuwaas oo 19 ka mid ahi ay ahaayeen qalin-jabis, inta kalena ay ahaayeen arday gaar ah oo aan u sharaxnayn shahaado.

Qarnigii 20-aad

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Qalin-jabintii ugu horreysay ee Jaamacadda Mareykanka waxay dhacday Juun 2, 1915.

Goobta ay ka dhalatay Ciidanka Kimikada Ee Ciidanka (Army Chemical Corps)

Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka, jaamacaddu waxay u oggolaatay ciidanka Maraykanka inay adeegsadaan dhulka jaamacadda si ay tijaabooyin uga sameeyaan. Sanadkii 1917, ciidanka Maraykanka waxay u qaybiyeen Jaamacadda Mareykanka laba qaybood: Camp Leach iyo Camp American University. Camp Leach wuxuu ahaa hoy ay ka socdaan cilmi-baaris horumarsan, horumarin, iyo tijaabinta farsamooyinka daboolida casriga ah (camouflage). Camp American University waxay ahayd saldhig tijaabo ah oo noqday halkii ay ka dhalatay barnaamijka hubka kiimikada ee Maraykanka iyo goobta tijaabada hubka kiimikada.[11][12] Dadaal weyn oo nadiifin ah ayaa bilaabmay 1990-meeyadii si looga saaro hadhaagii hubka kiimikada, gaar ahaan ururinta in ka badan 200 oo qolof oo gaaska mustard ah oo lagu aasay dhulka hoostiisa kampaska.[13] Agab dheeraad ah ayaa la helay Juun 2024.[14][15]

Waxbarashada waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu bixiyay heerka qalin-jabinta keliya, iyadoo waafaqsan aragtida aasaasayaasha jaamacadda. Arrinkani wuu is beddelay 1925 markii la aasaasay Kulliyada Fanka Xorta ah (oo hadhow loo bixiyay Kulliyada Fanka iyo Sayniska), taas oo bixisay shahaadooyinka iyo barnaamijyada jaamacadeed ee heerka koowaad. Wixii hadda ah Dugsiga Arrimaha Dadweynaha waxaa la aasaasay 1934,[16] qayb ahaan si loo baro shaqaalaha dowladda ee mustaqbalka dhinaca maamulka dadweynaha.

Xiriirka AU ee dowladda Maraykanka wuxuu sii socday intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, xilligaas oo kampasku uu martigeliyay Iskuulka Bambaanooyinka Burburiya ee Ciidanka Badda ee Maraykanka iyo xerada ciidanka dumarka ee WAVE. Kaalinta AU ee dadaalladaas dagaalka awgeed, markabkii guusha ee SS American Victory loogu magac daray sharafteeda.[17]

Madaxweyne John F. Kennedy wuxuu jeedinayaa hutbiga qalin-jabinta ee Jaamacadda Mareykanka, Juun 10, 1963

Xilligii ka dambeeyay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka waxaa la arkay koror weyn iyo dib-u-habeyn lagu sameeyay AU. 1949, jaamacaddu waxay midoobday Washington College of Law, taas oo la aasaasay 1896. Wax yar ka dib, saddex waaxood ayaa loo habeeyay sidii dugsiyo: Dugsiga Maamulka Ganacsiga 1955 (oo hadhow loo bixiyay Kulliyada Maamulka Ganacsiga ee Robert P. iyo Arlene R. Kogod 1999na loo bixiyay Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee Kogod); Dugsiga Dowladda iyo Maamulka Dadweynaha 1957; iyo Dugsiga Adeegga Caalamiga ah 1958.[xigasho u-baahan]

Horraantii 1960-meeyadii, Wasaaradda Difaaca iyo Wakaaladda Sirdoonka Bartamaha waxay maamulayeen xarunta cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta ee federaalka loo maalgeliyo ee Xafiiska Cilmi-baarista Howlaha Gaarka ah (SORO) oo ahayd xarun fikradeed (think-tank) oo ku taal Jaamacadda Mareykanka. Lugaha siyaasadeed ee AU waxaa sii xoojiyay khudbaddii qalin-jabinta ee Madaxweyne John F. Kennedy ee Guga 1963.[18] Khudbadaas, Kennedy wuxuu ugu baaqay Midowga Soofiyeeti inay la shaqeeyaan Maraykanka si loo gaaro heshiis lagu mamnuucayo tijaabada nukliyeerka iyo in la yareeyo xiisadaha caalamiga ah ee xooggan iyo cabsida dagaalka nukliyeerka xilligaas oo uu taagnaa Dagaalkii Qaboobaa.

Laga soo bilaabo 1965 ilaa 1977, Kulliyada Waxbarashada Sii-socota (College of Continuing Education) waxay jirtay iyada oo ah kulliyad bixisa shahaadooyin oo masuul ka ahayd barnaamijyada waxbarashada dadka waaweyn ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba kampaska. Dugsiga Kalkaalinta Caafimaadka ee Lucy Webb Hayes wuxuu bixiyay waxbarashada heerka koowaad ee Kalkaalinta 1965 ilaa 1988. 1972, Dugsiga Dowladda iyo Maamulka Dadweynaha, Dugsiga Adeegga Caalamiga ah, Xarunta Farsamada iyo Maamulka, iyo Xarunta Maamulka Caddaaladda (oo hadhow loo bixiyay Dugsiga Caddaaladda) waxaa lagu daray Kulliyada Arrimaha Dadweynaha iyo Caalamiga ah.

Jaamacaddu waxay iibsatay Kampaska Immaculata 1986 si loo xalliyo dhibaatooyinka booska. Kanu wuxuu noqon doonaa Kampaska Tenley.[19]

1986, dhismaha Xarunta Isboortiga iyo Kulanka ee Adnan Khashoggi ayaa billowday. Waxaa lagu maalgeliyay $5 milyan oo ka yimid islamarkaana loogu magac daray xubnihii gollaha maamulka ee Sacuudiga Adnan Khashoggi, dhismaha waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu cusboonaysiiyo xarumaha ciyaaraha oo la siiyo garoon cusub, iyo sidoo kale meel baabuurta la dhigto iyo xafiisyo adeegyada maamulka ah. Isagoo ku kacay qiyaastii $19 milyan, dhismahani wuxuu ahaa mashruucsprkii ugu weynaa ee dhismaha ilaa xilligaas laakiin wuxuu la kulmay mudaharaad uga yimid macallimiinta iyo ardaydaba oo ka soo horjeeday isticmaalka jaamacadda ee magaca Khashoggi ee dhismaha sababtoo ah qaybtiisii ganacsiga hubka caalamiga ah.[20]

1988, Kulliyada Arrimaha Dadweynaha iyo Caalamiga ah waxaa dib loo habeeyay si loo abuuro laba dugsi oo madaxbannaan: Dugsiga Adeegga Caalamiga ah iyo Dugsiga Arrimaha Dadweynaha, oo ay ku jiraan Dugsiga Dowladda iyo Maamulka Dadweynaha iyo Dugsiga Caddaaladda. Isla sanadkaas, dhismaha Xarunta Isboortiga ee Adnan Khashoggi waa la dhammeeyay halka ay arrinta muranka ka taagnayd ee Iran–Contra ay gaartay heerkeedii ugu sarreeyay, in kasta oo magaciisu uu ku haray dhismaha ilaa ka dib markii Khashoggi uu ku guuldareysatay waajibaadkiisii deeqda ahayd dhexdii ilaa dhammaadkii 1990-meeyadii.

Muuqaal xagga sare ah oo ka muuqda kampaska Jaamacadda Mareykanka, iyadoo Tenleytown ay ku taal gadaal, 2019
Jaamacadda Mareykanka

1997, American University of Sharjah, oo ahayd jaamacadda keliya ee iskudhaf ah, ee fanka xorta ah ee ku taal Aimaraatka Carabta ee Midoobay, waxay saxiixday qandaraas laba sano ah oo ay la gashay AU si ay u bixiso maamulka aqooneed. Qandaraaskan tan iyo markaas waa la cusboonaysiiyay dhowr jeer ilaa Agoosto 2009. Koox ka tirsan maamulayaasha sare ee AU ayaa u guuray Sharjah si ay uga caawiyaan aasaaska jaamacadda iyo in ay maraan nidaamka aqoonsiga ee Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.

Qarnigii 21-aad

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Dayrtii 2005, Xarunta Fanka ee Katzen iyo American University Museum ayaa furmay, iyagoo lagu maalgeliyay deeq ka timid deeq-bixiyeyaasha Washington, D.C. Dr. Cyrus iyo Myrtle Katzen.[21] Xaruntu waxay sii waddaa inay soo bandhigto ururinta fanka ee reer Katzen waxayna diiradda saartaa iskaashiga kala duwan ee dhinaca fanka.[22]

Benjamin Ladner waxaa laga joojiyay xilkiisii madaxweynaha jaamacadda Agoosto 24, 2005, iyadoo la sugayo baaritaan ku saabsan suurtagalnimada in si khaldan loo isticmaalay lacagaha jaamacadda. Macallimiinta jaamacadda ayaa codad kalsooni darro ah u qaaday Madaxweyne Ladner bishii xigtay.[23] Hal bil ka dib codbixinta macallimiinta, gollaha maamulayaashu waxay go'aamiyeen in Ladner uusan dib ugu laaban doonin Jaamacadda Mareykanka ahaan madaxweynaheeda.[24] Sida uu qabo The Chronicle of Higher Education,[25] Ladner wuxuu helay magdhow guud oo gaaraya $4,270,665 sannadkiisii ugu dambeeyay ee adeegga, kaas oo ahaa kii labaad ee ugu sarreeyay madaxweyne kasta oo jaamacad ah dalka gudahiisa.

Cornelius M. Kerwin, oo ahaa maamule muddo dheer ka tirsanaa AU, ayaa markaas loo magacaabay madaxweyne K MG. Sebtembar 1, 2007, Kerwin waxaa loo magacaabay xilka si rasmi ah u joogto ah ka dib markii laba codsade ay diideen dalab ka yimid gollaha maamulayaasha.[26]

Dhismaha dhismaha cusub ee Dugsiga Adeegga Caalamiga ah ayaa la dhagax dhigay Nofeembar 14, 2007, waxaana la dhammeeyay 2010.[27] Furitaanka dhismaha, waxaa khudbad jeediyay xilligaas Senator-kii Hawaii Daniel K. Inouye.

2015, Jaamacadda Mareykanka waxay bilowday bixinta barnaamij la aqoonsaday, oo degdeg ah oo internetka ah oo ah Shahaadada Mastarka Maamulka Ganacsiga (MBA).[28][29]

May 2017, Kerwin wuxuu ka fariistay madaxweynaha AU.[30] Bishii Juun, wax yar ka dib markii ay ka tagtay xilkeedii ahayd Wasiirka HHS, Sylvia Mathews Burwell ayaa loo doortay inay noqoto madaxweynaha 15-aad isla markaana ahayd haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee ka shaqeysa doorkaas.[31]

2017, Taylor Dumpson waxay noqotay madaxweynaha ururka ardayda ee ugu horreysay oo ah haweeney madow ah ee AU. Maalinteedii ugu horreysay ee xafiiska, moos ayaa laga helay saddex meelood oo ka tirsan kampaska, oo ka lulnaya xargo xarig u eg, oona ay ku calaamadsan yihiin xarfaha "AKA," oo ah xarfaha ururka gabdhaha ee Alpha Kappa Alpha. Jaamacaddu waxay u aragtay dhacdadaas mid cunsuriyad ah, iyadoo madaxweynaha bixi doona Kerwin uu ku tilmaamay "fal fulaynimo ah, oo laga naxo."[32][33]

2019, Dugsiga Waxbarashada (SOE) waxaa laga gooyay Kulliyada Fanka iyo Sayniska (CAS).[34] Sida uu sheegay deenka SOE ee xilligaas Cheryl Holcomb-McCoy, tallaabadan waxaa loo qaaday si "loogu dhiirrigeliyo ardayda badan inay raadsadaan shaqooyinka waxbarashada."[34] Meelaha daraasadda ee ardaydu ay ka ceyrsan karaan dugsiga dhexdiisa waxaa ka mid ah: waxbarashada macallimiinta, waxbarashada gaarka ah, siyaasadda waxbarashada iyo hoggaanka, iyo waxbarashada caalamiga ah. Dugsigu wuxuu hoy u yahay Machadka Hal-abuurka ee Waxbarashada iyo Xarunta Diyaarinta iyo Guusha Kadib-Sare.[35][34]

Abriil 22, 2020, AU waxay ku dhawaaqday inay ka baxday (divested) hantideeda keydka ah (endowment) shidaalka fosilka, taasoo ka dhigtay mid ka mid ah jaamacadaha ugu horreeya ee Mareykanka ee si buuxda uga baxa haysashada shidaalka fosilka ee tooska ah iyo midka aan tooska ahayn labadaba.[36][37] Ka dib afti ay ardaydu u codeeyeen inay taageerayaan ka bixitaanka, gollaha maamulayaasha AU waxay u codeeyeen inay diidaan ka bixitaanka keydka 2014.[38] Go'aanka lagu baxay 2020 wuxuu yimid ka dib olole ballaaran oo ay ardaydu ka sameeyeen kooxo sida Fossil Free AU iyo dowladda ardayda ee heerka koowaad.[39][37] 2020, Fossil Free AU waxay ku aaddisay afti labaad oo arday ah oo ku saabsan mawduuca, dowladduna ardayduna waxay soo saartay warbixin ku saabsan ka bixitaanka, taas oo loo bandhigay gollaha maamulayaasha adkeysiga maaliyadeed ee ardayda Robert Zitzmann.[37][39][40][41]

Horraantii Agoosto 2023, Burwell waxay ku dhawaaqday inay ka degayso madaxweynaha 15-aad ee AU laakiin ay ka sii shaqayn doonto Machadka Si سیاست iyo Siyaasadda ee Sine ee AU.[42][43] Luuliyo 1, 2024, Jonathan Alger wuxuu noqday madaxweynaha 16-aad ee AU.[44] Alger wuxuu u magacaabay Matthew Eynon, oo hore u ahaa Madaxweyne Ku-xigeenka Arrimaha Jaamacadda ee Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), inuu hoggaamiyo Horumarinta Jaamacadda iyo Qorshaynta Istaraatiijiyadeed ee AU.[45]

Nofeembar 2024, waxaa la sheegay in AU ay tixgelineyso dib-u-habeyn lagu sameeyo SOE, taas oo laga yaabo inay dib ugu biiriso CAS ama xitaa ay kala dirto SOE gebi ahaanba, iyada oo ay sabab u tahay walaacyo dhinaca miisaaniyadda ah.[46] Febraayo 2025, borofisarkii mudada dheer maaliyadda H. Kent Baker wuxuu sameeyay deeq aan la shaacin, taas oo ahayd deeqdii shaqsi ee ugu weynayd taariikhda AU, oo lagu sharfayo xaaskiisii ​​geeriyootay, Linda. Gollaha Maamulayaasha waxay aqoonsadeen deeqdiisa beddelka lahayd iyagoo u bixiyay dugsiga Dugsiga Waxbarashada ee Linda A. and H. Kent Baker, taas oo ahayd tallaabo ugu dambeyn xajistay xaaladda madaxbannaan ee dugsiga.[47]

May 2026, Alger wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu ka degay xilkii madaxweynaha 16-aad ee AU.[48] Laga bilaabo Luuliyo 2026, David Marchick wuxuu u adeegaa AU ahaan madaxweyne kumeelgaar ah ilaa madaxweynaha xiga uu xilka ka qabanayo.[49]

Tixraac

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  1. ↑ "U.S. and Canadian 2025 NCSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2025 Endowment Market Value" (XLSX). National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO). Retrieved February 14, 2026.
  2. ↑ American University Presidential Search Prospectus (PDF) (Report). American University. October 30, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  3. ↑ "College Navigator – American University". nces.ed.gov.
  4. ↑ "American University Act of Incorporation". US Congress. December 5, 1892. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  5. ↑ Template:USStatute
  6. ↑ "AU's United Methodist Affiliation". American University (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2025-03-26.
  7. ↑ "American University". Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). Retrieved 2025-02-13.
  8. ↑ "Patriot League". Patriot League (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2025-03-28.
  9. ↑ "American University | Washington Research Library Consortium". www.wrlc.org. Retrieved 2025-03-26.
  10. ↑ Toosi, Nahal (June 14, 2020). "Ivy League grads have a leg up in State Department promotions, stats show". POLITICO (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved November 27, 2023.
  11. ↑ Gordon, Martin K.; Sude, Barry R.; Overbeck, Ruth Ann; Hendricks, Charles (1994). Final Report: A Brief History of the American University Experiment Station and U. S. Navy Bomb Disposal School, America University (PDF). U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  12. ↑ Gross, Daniel A. (Spring 2015). "Chemical Warfare: From the European Battlefield to the American Laboratory". Distillations. 1 (1): 16–23. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  13. ↑ "American University Once Had A Chemical Warfare Center". Architect of the Capital (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). 2016-11-23. Archived from the original on 2024-12-07. Retrieved 2025-05-18.
  14. ↑ "Restoration plans persist in cleanup of former World War I chemical weapons manufacturing site - The Eagle". www.theeagleonline.com (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2025-05-18.
  15. ↑ "Spring Valley Monthly Update February 2025". US Army Corps of Engineers Baltimore District. Retrieved May 18, 2025.
  16. ↑ "The School of Public Affairs at American University". Spa.american.edu. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  17. ↑ "Mission & History". American Victory Ship (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). Retrieved 2025-05-18.
  18. ↑ "Commencement Address at American University, June 10, 1963". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. June 10, 1963. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  19. ↑ Flanagan, Neil. "Moving AU law school could revitalize Tenleytown". Greater Greater Washington (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2025-05-18.
  20. ↑ Isikoff, Michael (January 11, 1987). "AMERICAN U. DONATION STIRS DEBATE". Washington Post (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  21. ↑ "The Katzen Arts Center: A Legacy". American University (in Ingiriisi). 2015-12-15. Retrieved 2025-03-26.
  22. ↑ "Katzen Arts Center". American University (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2025-03-26.
  23. ↑ Kinzie, Susan; Strauss, Valerie (September 27, 2005). "AU Faculty Members Vote No Confidence in Ladner". Washington Post (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  24. ↑ Janofsky, Michael (October 25, 2005). "President of American University Agrees to Resign". The New York Times (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  25. ↑ Bogga B10, November 16, 2007
  26. ↑ American University (2007). "President-Elect Cornelius M. Kerwin biography". Retrieved July 20, 2007.
  27. ↑ "American University School of International Service". William McDonough + Partners (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). Retrieved 2025-03-26.
  28. ↑ "American University Kogod School of Business to Offer Accelerated One-year Online MBA Program". www.prnewswire.com (Press release) (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  29. ↑ "Online MBA - Earn your MBA from Anywhere" (in Ingiriisi). Archived from the original on Bisha Lixaad 22, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2018. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  30. ↑ Reed, Tina (March 28, 2016). "American University President Neil Kerwin to step down". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  31. ↑ Rebecca Adams (2017-01-26). "Burwell to Lead American University as President". Roll Call (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). Retrieved 2025-03-26.
  32. ↑ Larimer, Susan (May 2, 2017) "Man who harassed black student online must deliver 'sincere' apology, renounce white supremacy" The Washington Post
  33. ↑ Larimer, Sarah (December 21, 2018) "Man who harassed black student online must deliver 'sincere' apology, renounce white supremacy" The Washington Post
  34. 1 2 3 "School of Education separates from the College of Arts and Sciences". The Eagle (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  35. ↑ "School of Education | American University, Washington, DC". American University (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  36. ↑ "American University Eliminates All Public Fossil Fuel Investments from Its Endowment". American University (in Ingiriisi). April 22, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  37. 1 2 3 "BREAKING: AU announces full financial divestment from fossil fuel stocks". The Eagle (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  38. ↑ Respaut, Robin (November 21, 2014). "American University rejects divesting its fossil-fuel assets". Reuters (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  39. 1 2 Lu, Mark (April 22, 2020). "Fossil Free AU & AUSG: the unlikely pair that secured fossil fuel divestment". americanagora (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  40. ↑ "Fossil Fuel Divestment: Environmentally Sustainable, Financially Responsible". American University Student Government. February 1, 2020.
  41. ↑ "SG referendum supporting divestment from fossil fuel industry passes". The Eagle (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  42. ↑ Anderson, Nick (August 8, 2023). "American University president to step down after the coming school year". Washington Post (in Ingiriisiga Maraykanka). ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
  43. ↑ "A Changemaking Presidency". American University (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved July 4, 2024.
  44. ↑ "Announcing AU's 16th president". American University (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  45. ↑ "Announcing our new Vice President of University Advancement". American University (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2025-03-26.
  46. ↑ "NAICU - Amid Budget Cuts, American University May Restructure School of Education". www.naicu.edu. Retrieved 2025-03-26.
  47. ↑ Frank |, Adrienne (2025-02-11). "The Enduring Legacy of an AU Love Story: Lifelong AU Connections Inspire Historic Gift to Name the School of Education (SOE)". American University (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2025-03-26.
  48. ↑ "A Message to the AU Community from President Alger". American University (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2026-05-27.
  49. ↑ "A letter from David Marchick to the American University community". kogod.american.edu (in Ingiriisi). 2026-05-27. Retrieved 2026-05-27.
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