Waxtarka Deeqaha
| Waxtarka gargaarka iyo saamayntiisa |
|---|
Wax ku oolnimada gargaarka waa heerka guul ama guuldarro ee gargaarka caalamiga ah ( gargaarka horumarinta ama gargaarka bini'aadantinimo ). Haddii aynu si fududud u dhigno waa in la ogaado heerka waxtarnimo ee ay leeyihiin deeqaha caalamiga ah.
Marka laga hadlayo waxtarka gargaarka waxa uu noqon karaa mid uu hummaag iyo madmadow ku jiro (haddii gargaarku guud ahaan buuxiyo ujeeddada ugu muhiimsan ee gargaarka laga leeyahay), ama waxa laga yaabaa inay noqoto mid faahfaahsan (iyada oo la tixgelinayo heerka guusha ee u dhexeeya noocyada kala duwan ee gargaarka ee duruufaha kala duwan) .
Su'aalaha ku saabsan waxtarka gargaarka waxaa si weyn isugu khilaafay aqoonyahannada, faalleeyayaasha iyo xirfadlayaasha: waxaa jira cilmi baarisyo ballaaran oo mawduuca ku saabsan. Daraasadaha dhaqaalaha ee dabayaaqadii qarnigii 20aad waxaa kasoo baxday in celcelis ahaan waxtarka deeqaha inuu yahay mid yar ama xitaa xun. Daraasadii xigay ee la sameeyay qarnigii 21aadna isla natiijadaas oo kale bay soo saareen, balse sawirka guud waa mid adag marka laga eego dhinacyo badan.
Talooyin badan ayaa la soojeediyay si loo kobciyo waxtarka iyo wax ku oolnimada gargaarka. Sannadihii u dhaxeeyay 2003-2011 waxa jiray dhaqdhaqaaq caalami ah oo ku saabsan waxtarka gargaarka, ku dhawaad ilaa afar gole oo heer sare ah oo ku saabsan waxtarka gargaarka . Golayaashani waxay soo jeediyeen hab-dhaqanno wanaagsan oo khuseeya isku-dubbaridka maamulka gargaarka iyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya deeq-bixiyeyaasha iyo waddamada deeqda helaya. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 dhaqdhaqaaqan waxaa la hoos geeyay hal gole oo leh ujeeddo iskaashi horumarineed oo wax ku ool ah, oo xoogga saarayay Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Iskaashiga Horumarinta Waxtarka leh .
Natiijooyinka iyo dhaliilaha waxtarka deeqaha[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Waxaa jira in aad la isugu waafaqsanyahay in gargaarka oo keliya uusan ku filneyn in dalalka soo koraya laga saaro faqriga iyo in aysan ahayn tabta ugu awoodda badan ee lagu horumarin karo waddamadan. Doodaha ku saabsan waxtarka deeqaha waxay ku saabsan yihiin heerka ay le'eg tahay saamayntooda togan, saamayntooda taban, iyo waxtarka noocyada kala duwan ee gargaarka.
Dhaliilo waaweyn[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
PT Bauer[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Dhaqaale yahanka reer Ingiriis PT Bauer ayaa ku dooday in gargaarku uu waxyeello badan geystay marka loo eego wanaagga, gaar ahaan buugaagtiisa "Disent on Development" (1972) [1] iyo "Reality and Rhetoric" (1984). [2] Saamaynta ugu xun ee ay deequhu gaysteen ayaa ah in ilihii loo weeciyay meelo khaldan ama aan ku habboonayn. [3] Dhinaca kale, Bauer halka faa'ido ee ay deeqdu leedahay ee uu arkay waa inay qofka ka ilaaliso un inoo deyn qaato taasoo aan saamayn weyn ku lahayn horumarinta waddanka (bogga 47-49). Waxa uu rumaysnaa in go'aannada mashaariicda gargaar ay gaarayeen dawladaha deeqda helayay kuwaasoo xiisaynayay un in madaxdu hodan noqoto baddalkii dadka saboolnimada laga saari lahaa. (pp.49-52).
Dambisa Moyo[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Dhaqaalayahannadda caanka ah ee u dhalatay Zambia Dambisa Moyo ayaa si weyn uga soo horjeedda gargaarka horumarinta, waxayna u taqaanaa "go'aanka kaliya ee ugu xun ee siyaasadda horumarinta casriga ah". Buuggeeda 2009, Dead Aid waxay ku qeexday sida deeqaha ay u abuureen siyaasiyiin hodan ah, musuq maasuq baahay, ku tiirsanaanta gargaarka shisheeye, iyo hoos udhaca dhaqaale ee Afrika. Waxay ku doodaysaa in gargaarka shisheeye uu dawladuhu ku dhiirrigaliyo in ay qaabab khaldan wax ku raadiyaan sida dhaqaale si fudud lagu helo (Fadhi-ku-Taajir) iyo iyada oo si kadis ah dakhli loo tallaalayo, taasoo horseedda Dhibtii Dhajka (Netherland) . Intaa waxaa dheer, lacagtan fududi waxay u fududaynaysaa inay dawladdu ka baxdo heshiiskii u dhaxeeyay iyaga iyo dadkii u codeeyay: waa heshiiskaa ahaa inay bulshada wax ugu qabtaan canshuuraha ay ka qaadaan. Marka la soo koobo, waxa ay “u ogolaataa dawladu in ay iska ilowdo mas’uuliyadda ka saaran dadkeeda”. [4] Waxaa xusid mudan in ay Moyo si gaar ah u tilmaamayso gargaarka laba-geesoodka ahee ay deeq bixiyayaasha waawayn bixiyaan ee ma ahan midka yar ee samafal, bini'aadantinimo ama gargaar degdeg ah. Xalka ay soo jeedisay ayaa ah in ay baaqdayain la kordhiyo ganacsiga iyo maalgashiga tooska ah ee shisheeye, iyadoo xoogga saaraysa doorka sii kobcaya ee Shiinaha ee Afrika. [5] Moyo waxa kale oo ay tilmaantay in lasameeyo qorshayaal maalgelinta yar yar ah, iyada oo lagu dayanayo guusha baahsan ee uu arrintaas ka gaaray Bankiga Grameen, si loo kobciyo halabuurka ganacsi ee qaaradda, iyada oo laga soo bilaabayo hoos.
Tixraacyo[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
- ↑ Bauer, P. T. (1976). Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-21282-7. OCLC 2666082 https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2666082. Maqan ama ebar
|title=(caawin) - ↑ Bauer, P. T. (1984). Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-74946-4. OCLC 9894295 https://archive.org/details/realityrhetorics0000baue/. Maqan ama ebar
|title=(caawin) - ↑ Bauer, P. T. (1984). Harvard University Press. pp. 27–28, 46. ISBN 0-674-74946-4. OCLC 9894295 https://archive.org/details/realityrhetorics0000baue/page/46. Maqan ama ebar
|title=(caawin) - ↑ Moyo, Dambisa. Douglas & Mcintyre. ISBN 978-1-55365-542-8. Maqan ama ebar
|title=(caawin) - ↑ Moyo, Dambisa. Douglas & Mcintyre. p. 124. Maqan ama ebar
|title=(caawin)
Lingaxyada dibadda[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
- Eurodad: The European Network on Debt and Development
- Special Report on Aid Harmonization
- "Addicted to Aid"-documentary by Sorious Samura
- Center for Global Development: Aid Effectiveness
- The International Health Partnership (IHP+) A group of partners committed to putting international principles for effective aid and development cooperation into practice in the health sector
- Millions Saved Archived Oktoobar 11, 2008 // Wayback Machine A compilation of case studies of effective foreign assistance by the Center for Global Development.
- Aidharmonisation.org
- Aideffectiveness.org
- PubHealth.org - Ugandan effort to develop tools for harmonization
- Reading list on the future of development assistance
- PSD Blog: aid effectiveness
- Boston Review Forum: Making Aid Work Initial article arguing for funding of projects confirmed as effective in randomized trials, followed by replies.
- The Crisis in African Agriculture: A more effective use for EC aid? A Practical Action and Pelum 'African Voices' Report
- European Network on Debt and Development reports, news and links on aid effectiveness
- Euforic Archived Sebteembar 28, 2007 // Wayback Machine pages on aid evaluation and effectiveness
- FRIDE From Paris to Accra: building the global governance of aid
- Zunia Aid Effectiveness Page - articles, reports, blogs, and jobs related to aid effectiveness
- Three-Cs.net Archived Oktoobar 6, 2022 // Wayback Machine Six joint-evaluations to explore and assess the role played by the Maastricht Treaty precepts of coordination, complementarity and coherence (3Cs) in the EU's development co-operation policies and operations
- The OECD DAC's site on the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
- Governance and Social Development Resource Centre's Topic Guide: Aid instruments and aid effectiveness Archived Maaj 15, 2008 // Wayback Machine
- ODI Briefing Paper: Aid effectiveness after Accra[dead link]
- EADI Online Dossier on Aid Effectiveness Archived Maaj 10, 2012 // Wayback Machine
- Masterclass on Aid Effectiveness
- Open Forum for CSO Development Effectiveness
- CSOs on the road from Accra to Busan
- Strengthening Civil Society’s Roles and Voice: Reflections on CSO Engagement with the Accra Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness
- Aid for Trade in Asia and the Pacific: 12 Things to Know Asian Development Bank
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