Johannesburg
Johannesburg | |
|---|---|
| Magaalada Johannesburg | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Nicknames: Jo'burg; Jozi; Joni; Muḓi Mulila Ngoma; Jobhag; eGoli ("Meesha Dahabka") | |
| Motto(s): "Adeeg leh Sharaf" | |
  Johannesburg | |
| Coordinates: 26°12′16″S 28°2′44″E / 26.20444°S 28.04556°E | |
| Dalka |  Koonfur Afrika |
| Gobol | Gauteng |
| Degmo-weyn | Magaalo-weynta Johannesburg |
| La aasaasay | 1886 |
| Dowlada | |
| • Nuuca | Maamul Magaalo-weyn |
| • Duqa Magaalo | Dada Morero (ANC) |
| Bedka | |
| • Magaalo | 334.81 km2 (129.27 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 3,357 km2 (1,296 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,642.6 km2 (634.2 sq mi) |
| Joogga | 1,753 m (5,751 ft) |
| Tirada dadka (2022) | |
| • Magaalo | 4,803,262 |
| • Rank | 8-aad Afrika 1-aad Koonfur Afrika |
| • Cufnaanta dadka | 14,000/km2 (37,000/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 7,860,781 |
| • Metro | 6,198,000 |
| Isir-dhisme (2019) | |
| • Madow Afrikaan | 76.4% |
| • Caddaan | 12.3% |
| • Isir-isku-dhar | 5.6% |
| • Hindi/Asiyaan | 4.9% |
| • Kale | 0.8% |
| Afafka koowaad (2011) | |
| • Af Zulu | 23.41% |
| • Ingiriisi | 20.10% |
| • Sesotho | 9.61% |
| • Setswana | 7.68% |
| • Afrikaans | 7.28% |
| • Kale | 18.10% |
| Aag saacadeed | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Koodhka boostada (jid) | 2001 |
| Sanduuqa boostada | 2000 |
| Koodhka taleefoonka | 010 iyo 011 |
| Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha (HDI) |  0.75 Sare |
| GDP | 131 bilyan doolar (2020) |
| GDP qofkiiba (PPP) | 16 370 doolar (2014) |
| Website | www.joburg.org.za |
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Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/; Af-Carabi: [joˈɦɐnəsbœrχ]; oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Jozi, Joburg', eGoli, iyo loo soo gaabiyo JHB) waa magaalada ugu dadka badan Koonfur Afrika . Magaalada Johannesburg lafteedu waxay leedahay dad gaaraya 5,538,596, halka isku-darka magaalooyinka ee waaweyn uu ka badan yahay 14.8 milyan, taasoo ka dhigaysa magaalo weyn iyo mid ka mid ah 100ka degmo ee ugu waaweyn adduunka Johannesburg waa caasimadda gobolka Gauteng , gobolka ugu qanisan Koonfur Afrika, waana xarunta maxkamadda ugu sarreysa dalka, Maxkamadda Dastuurka Magaalada oo ku taal buuraha Witwatersrand ee hodanka ku ah macdanta , waxay muddo dheer ahayd xuddunta ganacsiga macdanta iyo dahabka ee caalamiga ah. Magaalada ugu qanisan Afrika marka loo eego GDP iyo hantida gaarka loo leeyahay, Johannesburg waxay u shaqaysaa caasimadda dhaqaalaha ee Koonfur Afrika waxayna hoy u tahay suuqa saamiyada ugu weyn qaaradda , Suuqa Saamiyada Johannesburg .
Johannesburg waxaa la aasaasay 1886, ka dib markii la helay dahab, oo mar ahaan jirtay dhul beereed. Toban sano gudahood, dadku waxay gaareen in ka badan 100,000, oo ay horseedeen kaydadka dahabka ee waaweyn ee laga helay hareeraha Witwatersrand.Johannesburg casriga ah waa isku-darka magaalooyinkii hore u kala go'naa, magaalooyin iyo degsiimooyin, taasoo ka tarjumaysa siyaasadaha kala-soocidda booska ee xiligii midab-takoorka . Soweto ("Magaalooyinka Koonfur-Galbeed"), oo loo aqoonsaday magaalo "madow oo keliya" ilaa 1994, waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu taariikhda badan ee Koonfur Afrika casriga ah. Hoyga hoggaamiyeyaasha muhiimka ah ee ka hortagga midab-takoorka, oo ay ku jiraan Nelson Mandela iyo Desmond Tutu , waxay noqotay xuddunta Kacdoonkii Soweto ee 1976 , halkaas oo dibadbaxyada ardayda ee nabdoon lagu arkay xoog arxan darro ah Taas bedelkeeda, Lenasia waxaa inta badan ku nool Indo-Koonfur Afrikaanka ku hadla Ingiriisiga (dadka ka soo jeeda Hindiya iyo Koonfurta Aasiya ). Deegaannada hore "cad-ka oo keliya" waxaa ka mid ah Sandton , oo loo yaqaan "mayl laba jibaaran ee ugu taajirsan Afrika", Randburg iyo Roodeport .
Taariikh
Gobolka ku hareeraysan Johannesburg waxaa asal ahaan degganaa ugaarsatada San kuwaas oo isticmaalay qalab dhagax ah. Waxaa jira caddayn muujinaysa inay halkaas ku noolaayeen ilaa toban qarni ka hor Burbur dhagax ah oo ka dhashay magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka Sotho-Tswana ayaa ku kala firirsan qaybaha Transvaal- kii hore ee Johannesburg ku yaal Qarnigii 18-aad bartamihiisii, gobolka ballaaran waxaa inta badan degganaa bulshooyin kala duwan oo Sotho-Tswana ah (hal laan oo luqadeed oo ay ku hadlaan dadka ku hadla Bantu), kuwaas oo tuulooyinkooda, magaalooyinkooda, madaxdooda iyo boqortooyooyinkoodu ay ka soo bilaabmeen Beerta Dhulka ee Bechuanaland Protectorate (oo hadda ah Botswana ) galbeedka, ilaa Lesotho-da maanta oo koonfurta ah, ilaa aagagga Pedi ee hadda ee Gobolka Limpopo . Si gaar ah, burburka dhagaxa ah ee magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka Sotho-Tswana waxay ku kala firirsan yihiin qaybaha gobolkii hore ee Transvaal oo Johannesburg ku taal. Magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan oo Sotho-Tswana ah oo ku yaal agagaarka Johannesburg ayaa la burburiyay dadkoodiina waa la eryay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii ka soo baxayay Zululand dabayaaqadii qarnigii 18aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 19aad ( dagaalladii mfecane ama difaqane), taasoo keentay in la helo boqortooyo ka tirsan boqortooyada Zulu, Ndebele (oo inta badan loogu yeero Matabele, magaca ay bixiyeen dadka Sotho-Tswana ee deegaanka), waxay ka aasaaseen boqortooyo waqooyi-galbeed ee Johannesburg agagaarka Rustenburg-ka casriga ah.
Tixraac
"Dhig Magacyada Asalka Gumeysiga Kahor iyo Isticmaalkooda Maanta"
Injineerada Boqortooyada iyo qorsheynta dejinta ee Cape Colony 1806–1872: Habka, habka iyo saameynta
: Gobollada oo si kooban loo eego
"Koonfur Afrika: Gobollada iyo Meelaha Magaalooyinka ee ugu Muhiimsan"
"Isku-darka ugu Muhiimsan ee Adduunka - Tirakoobka Dadweynaha iyo Khariidadaha"
"Johannesburg | Magaalada, Taariikhda, Khariidadda, & Meelaha Xiisaha Leh | Britannica"
"Magaalada Johannesburg - Xafiiska Boostada ee Wadada Rissik"
"Koonfurta Afrika laga bilaabo kor: Sawir-qaadista Hawada - Dulmar taariikhi ah | Bogga Dhaxalka"