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J-pop idol

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AKB48, haystaha Guinness World Record inuu yahay "kooxda pop-ka ugu weyn", iyo kooxda sanamyada ugu iibinta badan.
Morning Musume (sawirka 2016) waa kooxda sanamyada ugu dheereeya tan iyo 1997 waxayna soo celisay xiisihii sanamyadii 1990-meeyadii. Waxay haystaan ​​rikoodhka 10-ka ugu sarreeya ee isku xiga ee farshaxan kasta oo reer Jabaan ah.
Momoiro Clover Z, kaalinta koowaad ka galay kooxaha sanamyada dumarka ah.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Babymetal ee Los Angeles sannadkii 2014. Albumkoodii saddexaad ee istuudiyaha ayaa ahaa kii ugu sareeyay ee album -ka luuqadda Jabaan Billboard 200.

Idol (Af-soomaali: Sanam) (アイドル, aidoru) waa nooc ka mid ah maaweelada oo lagu suuqgeeyo sawirka, soo jiidashada, iyo shakhsiyadda moodel pop-ka Jabaan. Sanamyadu waxay ugu horrayn yihiin fannaaniin leh tababar ku saabsan jilitaanka, qoob -ka -ciyaarka, iyo sidoo kale u shaqaynta tusaale ahaan. Sanamyada waxaa lagu ganacsadaa iyada oo loo marayo baayacmushtariga iyo oggolaanshaha hay'adaha kartida leh, iyada oo la ilaalinayo xiriir bulsho-wadaag ah oo leh taageere macaamil jecel.

Warshadaha sanamyada ee Japan ayaa markii ugu horreysay soo ifbaxay 1960-yadii waxayna caan ku noqdeen 1970-yadii iyo 1980-yadii telefishanka awgiis. Intii lagu jiray 1980-yadii, oo loo tixgeliyo "Da'da Dahabka ah ee Sanamyada", sanamyadu waxay soo jiiteen dano ganacsi waxayna bilaabeen inay ka soo muuqdaan xayeysiisyada iyo taxanaha telefishanka. Maadaama suuqyo badan oo niche ay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan dabayaaqadii 2000 -yadii iyo horraantii 2010 -kii, waxay horseedday koboc weyn xagga warshadaha oo loo yaqaan "Muddada ee Sanamyada." Maanta, in ka badan 10,000 gabdho dhallinyar ah oo ku nool Jabaan waa sanamyo, iyadoo in ka badan 3,000 oo kooxood ay firfircoon yihiin. Warshadaha sanamyada ee Jabaan ayaa tusaale ahaan loogu isticmaalay warshadaha sanamyada pop-ka kale, sida K-pop.

Qaybaha hoose ee sanamyada waxaa ka mid ah sanamyada gurabia, sanamyada yar, sanamyada internetka, sanamyada jilayaasha codka, sanamyada khiyaaliga, AV sanam, Akiba-kei sanam, sanamyada maxalliga ah, iyo sanamyada Jabaan-Kuuriya.

Dhaliil

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Xaaladaha shaqada

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Nidaamka sanamyada ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay xeerarkiisa adag, jadwallada shaqada ee aadka u daran, iyo in sanamyada ay siiyaan koontarool yar noloshooda gaarka ah.[8][9][10] Nidaamkan ayaa loo ekeysiiyay dadka mushaharka qaata ee Japan oo aan awoodin inay adeecaan loo-shaqeeyayaashooda.[8] Shohei Sakagura oo u ololeeya xuquuqda shaqaalaha ayaa sheegay in sanamyadu ay helaan dakhli aad u yar isla markaana aan u diyaarsanayn xoogsatada kadib markii ay ka tageen kooxahoodii, maadaama qaar badan oo ka mid ahi ay ku qaataan sanad waxbarashadooda barashada xirfadaha shaqo ee liita.[11] Intaa waxaa u dheer, Rob Schwartz oo ka socda Billboard wuxuu ka hadlay in warbaahinta guud ee Jabaan ay dhif u tahay inay fiiro gaar ah u yeelato murannada iyo eedeymaha ku takrifalka awoodda sababtuna tahay is-faafreebka waxa loo oggol yahay inay qoraan.[8] Sasetsu Takeda oo ka tirsan GQ Japan ayaa qoray in hay'adaha kartida leh ay ka saaraan sanamyada iyadoon loo eegayn sumcaddooda, mararka qaarkoodna si ula kac ah u horjoogsada dalabyada shaqada si loogu cadaadiyo inay baxaan, dhammaantoodna iyagoo ku dhawaaqaya inay "ka nasanayaan xanuun" dadweynaha.[12] Kooxaha sanamyada ee sida madaxbannaan loo maamulo waxay bixiyaan badbaadin xitaa ka yar, iyadoo sanamyada la siiyay qandaraasyo si aan mugdi ku jirin loogu hayo oo ku haya shirkadooda muddo sannado ah, iyagoo bixinaya ku dhawaad ​​mushaar la'aan iyo magdhow gaadiid iyo khidmado kharash.[13][14] Garyaqaanka Kunitaka Kasai wuxuu sheegay in maamulku uu noqon karo mid liita, gaar ahaan kooxaha sanamyada madaxbannaan, sababtoo ah waxaa aasaasay dad leh khibrad la'aan si ay u buuxiyaan baahida sanamyada ee koritaanka warshadaha.[14]

Jadwalka shaqada ee sanamyada ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay inay xad dhaaf yihiin, maadaama sanamyada laga filayo inay shaqeeyaan xitaa marka ay jiran yihiin.[15] Miki Gonobe oo ka socota Nikkan Sports ayaa xustay in sanamyadu guud ahaan aysan lahayn urur shaqaale ayna hay'aduhu u arkaan inaan loo baahnayn mid, maadaama ay u arkaan hawlaha sanamyada inay la mid yihiin waxqabadyada manhajka ka baxsan ee dugsiga.  Waxay ka dhawaajisay walaac ku saabsan gabdhaha yaryar oo sanamyo noqda iyagoo yar, gaar ahaan ardayda dugsiyada hoose.[15]

Bishii Maarso 2018, xubin ka tirsan Kooxda Girls Ehime, Honoka Omoto ayaa is dishay, iyadoo qoyskeedu bilaabeen dacwad ka dhan ah hay'addeeda kartida bishii Oktoobar 2018.[14] Waxaa la sheegay in Omoto ay 10 saacadood maalintii ku shaqaynaysay kharashka waxbarashada iyada oo markii ay codsatay inay kooxda ka baxdo, shaqaale ka tirsan ayaa ugu hanjabay inay rabshado samayn doonaan halka Takahiro Sasaki, oo ah madaxa shirkaddeeda maamulku u sheegay inay bixin doonto  lacag ganaax ah of 1 million.[16] Bishii Juun 2018, xubin hore oo ka tirsan Niji no Conquistador ayaa dacwad ka gudbisay agaasimaha wakiilka Pixiv, Hiroaki Nagata, xadgudub galmo intii ay kooxda la joogtay,[17] iyo Nagata oo is casilay dhawr maalmood ka dib.[18]

Mamnuucidda shukaansiga

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Minami Minegishi waxay sameysay warar caalami ah 2013 kadib markii laga duubay muuqaal iyada oo madaxa xiiray iyadoo qirashadu caan noqotay.  Tani waxay daba socotaa warar sheegaya in ay xiriir ka dhexeyso, taas oo keentay in hoos loo dhigo ee AKB48.[10]

Sanamyada intooda badan looma oggola inay sameeyaan xiriir jaceyl ama waa inay fasax ka helaan hay'addooda si ay u guursadaan.[19][9][8] Yasushi Akimoto, wuxuu la mid yahay mamnuucidda xiriirka kooxda iyo mamnuucidda xiriirka la midka ah ee kooxaha baseball -ka ee ku tartamaya Kōshien, halkaas oo haasaawaha loo arko inay ka jeedinayso isu diyaarinta tartamada.[20] Dhinaca kale, dadka wax naqdiya ayaa soo jeediyay in mamnuucidda shukaansiga la hirgeliyo si loo iibiyo mala’awaal sanamyo ah oo ay heli karaan taageerayaashoodu oo ay ku khilaafeen inay yihiin dad bani’aadamnimada ka baxsan.[10] The Japan Times ayaa xustay in marka laga reebo hay'adaha kartida leh, dhaqanka fanaaniinta sanamku uu wax ku kordhiyay tan, gaar ahaan taageerayaasha ragga ee sanamyada dumarka ah; taageerayaasha lab iibsadaan fikradda ah "moe", taas oo dhalisa daciifnimo iyo is -hoosaysiin iyada oo ku adkaysanaysa "xakamayn buuxda" oo ku saabsan madaxbannaanida galmada ee gabdhaha.[10]

Dhowr sanam oo la xaqiijiyey in shaqada laga eryay, la hakiyay, hoos loo dhigay, ama lagu qasbay inay ka tagaan kooxahooda ka dib markii la sheegay inay shukaansanayaan ama xiriir galmo la yeesheen Mari Yaguchi,[21] Ai Kago,[22] Aya Hirano,[23] Rino Sashihara,[24][25] iyo Minami Minegishi.[10][26] Minegishi, gaar ahaan, waxay soo jiidatay warbaahinta caalamiga ah kadib markii fiidiyowgeedii raaligalinta noqday mid caan ah, taasoo dhalisay dhaleeceyn caalami ah oo ku aaddan maamulka kooxdeeda, AKB48, iyo sidoo kale warshadaha sanamyada Jabaan.[10] Wakaalad tayo leh ayaa dacwad ka dhan ah 17 jir hore u ahaan jirtay heesaa sanam ka dib markii ay aqbashay casuumaad ay u fidiyeen qol hoteel laba nin oo taageereyaal ah, taas oo sababtay in kooxdeeda la kala diro 3dii bilood ee ugu horreysay markii ugu horreysay.[27] Bishii Sebtember 2015, Garsoore Akitomo Kojima, oo ay weheliso Maxkamadda Degmada Tokyo, ayaa xukuntay wakaaladda kartida waxayna haweeneyda ku ganaaxday inay bixiso 50 650,000, iyada oo sheegtay in mamnuucidda shukaansigu ay lagama maarmaan u tahay sanamyada si ay "u kasbadaan taageerada ninka taageerayaasha ah."[27] Bishii Janaayo 2016, dacwad taas la mid ah oo loo gudbiyay Maxkamadda Degmada Tokyo ayaa xukuntay 23 jir sanam hore ahaan jiray, iyadoo garsoore Kazuya Hara uu sheegay in mamnuucidda shukaansiga "ay si weyn u xaddideyso xorriyadda si loo raadsado farxadda."[28]

Maaddaama gacan-qaadka iyo dhacdooyinka kale ee la xiriira ay u oggolaadaan taageerayaasha in ay aad ugu dhowaadaan sanamyada, dadka wax naqdiya ayaa sidoo kale rumeysan in suuqgeynta gelitaanka sanamyada ay sababi karto in taageerayaasha aysan kala garan karin khiyaaliga iyo nolosha dhabta ah.[29] Hay'adaha hibada leh ayaa sidoo kale lagu dhaleeceeyay inay siiyaan difaac aan ku filnayn xagga sanamyada ka dib dhowr dhacdo oo rabshado ah oo lagu qaaday sanamyada dumarka sida the arkay weerarka Anna Iriyama iyo Rina Kawaei, the kicinta May Tomita, and the weerarkii Maho Yamaguchi.[29]

Galmada

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
See also: Idol yar#Heerka sharciga and Sharciyada ka-faa'iidaysiga galmada carruurta ee Jabaan

Sanamyada inta badan waa galmo, gaar ahaan sanamyada dumarka,[10][14] kuwaas oo qaarkood ay u shaqaystaan ​​sanamyada gurabia oo ay leeyihiin sawirro dabbaasha oo soo jeedin leh oo lagu daabacay joornaalada loogu talagalay dadka waaweyn.[30][31][32] Iyada oo nidaamka sanamku uu wax-yeeleynayo dhallinta, warshadaha ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyaa in ay halis geliyaan carruurta aan qaan-gaarin, gaar ahaan sanamyada yaryar, kuwaas oo jira 15 sano iyo ka yar.[32][33][34][35][36] Buugaagta sawirrada dabbaasha ee sanamyada waxaa badanaa lagu iibiyaa isla qaybaha filimada galmada.[32] Ee 1999, Jabaan waxay mamnuucday soo-saarka iyo qaybinta sawirrada galmada qaawan ee carruurta aan qaan-gaarin, kuwaas oo mamnuucay buugaag sawir leh oo muujinaya sanamyo yaryar oo qaawan.[30] Qeybiyeyaasha sanamyada yaryar oo badan ayaa la xiray ka dib markii haysashada filimada galmada carruurta laga dhigay sharci-darro Jabaan sannadkii 2014-kii.[37] Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxyaabaha sanamyada yar-yar ayaa hadda ku taagan dhul sharci ahaan aan mugdi ku jirin sababta oo ah fasiraadda furan ee sharciyada ka-faa'iidaysiga galmada carruurta ee Jabaan.[32][38]

Tixraacyada

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  1. ↑ ももクロ、初のAKB超え タレントパワーランキング. 24 June 2013. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 7 August 2013. Soo qaatay 26 July 2013.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin)
  2. ↑ タレントパワーランキング トップ100. Nikkei Entertainment. Nikkei BP (June, 2013): 48–49. 2013-05-04. 
  3. ↑ タレントパワーランキング トップ100. Nikkei Entertainment. Nikkei BP (June, 2014). 2014-05-02. 
  4. ↑ タレントパワーランキング トップ100. Nikkei Entertainment. Nikkei BP (June, 2015). 2015-05-02. 
  5. ↑ タレントパワーランキング トップ100. Nikkei Entertainment. Nikkei BP (June, 2016). 2016-05-04. 
  6. ↑ タレントパワーランキング トップ100. Nikkei Entertainment. Nikkei BP (June, 2017). 2017-05-04. 
  7. ↑ タレントパワーランキング トップ100. Nikkei Entertainment. Nikkei BP (June, 2018): 81. 2018-05-04. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Oi, Mariko (2016-01-26). BBC https://web.archive.org/web/20171216233005/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35368705. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 16 December 2017. Soo qaatay 2019-02-08.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 McAlpine, Frasier (2017-06-30). BBC https://web.archive.org/web/20201109005703/https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/articles/84fd62c3-f5a4-49e6-9e3e-6f5217c1448c. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 9 November 2020. Soo qaatay 2019-02-08.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Martin, Ian (2013-02-01). https://web.archive.org/web/20201130104553/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2013/02/01/music/akb48-members-penance-shows-flaws-in-idol-culture/. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 30 November 2020. Soo qaatay 2019-02-08.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  11. ↑ Yamamoto, Mari; Adelstein, Jake (2019-01-21). https://web.archive.org/web/20200810083337/https://www.thedailybeast.com/look-but-dont-touch-inside-the-weird-dangerous-world-of-japans-girl-idols. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 10 August 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-19.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  12. ↑ Takeda, Sasetsu (2019-03-05). https://web.archive.org/web/20190322041936/https://gqjapan.jp/culture/column/20190305/no-more-objectification-of-me. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 22 March 2019. Soo qaatay 2019-03-21.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  13. ↑ Ogawa, Misa; Isobe, Mayuko; Hirabayashi, Misa (2018-12-21). https://web.archive.org/web/20201130104559/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/12/21/national/social-issues/dark-side-japans-underground-idols-little-pay-long-hours-unbreakable-contracts/. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 30 November 2020. Soo qaatay 2019-03-22.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Udagawa, Haruka (2018-11-18). https://web.archive.org/web/20200925134318/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20181118/p2a/00m/0na/005000c. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 25 September 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-19.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named nikkansports gonobe 2019-01-28
  16. ↑ Ashcraft, Brian (2018-10-15). https://web.archive.org/web/20200809003240/https://kotaku.com/after-idols-death-bullying-and-intimidation-allegation-1829748345. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 9 August 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-19.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  17. ↑ Ressler, Karen (2018-06-01). https://web.archive.org/web/20200804045617/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-01/former-niji-no-conquistador-idol-sues-pixiv-representative-director-for-sexual-harassment/.132296. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 4 August 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-19.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  18. ↑ Pineda, Rafael Antonio (2018-06-06). https://web.archive.org/web/20200803203858/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-06-06/pixiv-representative-director-resigns-from-company-amidst-lawsuits/.132512. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 3 August 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-19.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named answerman 2015
  20. ↑ . 3 December 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20210218232953/https://www.j-cast.com/2012/12/03156496.html. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 18 February 2021. Soo qaatay 18 June 2021.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  21. ↑ 矢口真里がモー娘。脱退引き金の小栗旬との恋愛語る. 24 October 2017. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 8 April 2019. Soo qaatay 8 April 2019.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin)
  22. ↑ O'Connell, Ryan (22 April 2008). https://web.archive.org/web/20080421195215/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/culture/waiwai/face/news/20080418p2g00m0dm010000c.html. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 21 April 2008.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  23. ↑ . 4 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20210228235935/https://www.asiaone.com/print/News/Latest%2BNews/Showbiz/Story/A1Story20110804-292695.html. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 28 February 2021. Soo qaatay 4 August 2021.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  24. ↑ St. Michel, Patrick (16 August 2012). https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/08/for-japans-justin-biebers-no-selena-gomezes-allowed/261181/. Soo qaatay 4 August 2021.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  25. ↑ St. Michel, Patrick (30 May 2019). https://web.archive.org/web/20210305080254/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2019/05/30/music/rino-sashihara-can-one-idol-beat-system/. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 5 March 2021. Soo qaatay 4 August 2021.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  26. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Stimson, Eric (20 September 2015). https://web.archive.org/web/20201108093354/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2015-09-20/idol-fined-650000-yen-for-dating-contract-violation/.93113. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 8 November 2020. Soo qaatay 19 August 2020.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  28. ↑ . 19 January 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20200920225838/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/01/19/national/pop-idol-right-pursue-happiness-not-liable-damages-breach-dating-ban-court/. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 20 September 2020. Soo qaatay 19 August 2020.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Jozuka, Eriko; Yakatsuki, Yoko (16 January 2019). CNN https://web.archive.org/web/20201130104639/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/16/asia/japanese-pop-idol-sexual-assault-apology-bullying-intl/index.html. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 30 November 2020. Soo qaatay 23 January 2019.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Tabuchi, Hiroko (2011-02-09). https://web.archive.org/web/20201105232105/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/10/business/global/10manga.html. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 5 November 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-20.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  31. ↑ Sherman, Jennifer (2018-01-17). https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031114/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2018-01-17/akb48-rumored-to-end-swimsuit-gravure-photos-for-underage-members/.126498. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 9 November 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-20.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Hongo, Jun (2007-05-03). https://web.archive.org/web/20201028204823/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/05/03/national/photos-of-preteen-girls-in-thongs-now-big-business/. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 28 October 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-24.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  33. ↑ Ozawa, Harumi (2018-01-27). Agence France-Presse https://web.archive.org/web/20200628142525/https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/01/26/little-idols-japans-dark-obsession-with-young-girls.html. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 28 June 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-20 – via The Jakarta Post.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  34. ↑ Seale, Jack. https://web.archive.org/web/20201117093654/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv-programme/e/mjnyvy/unreported-world--s39-e1-schoolgirl-pin-ups/. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 17 November 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-20.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  35. ↑ Fackler, Martin (2014-06-18). https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021646/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/world/asia/japan-bans-possession-of-child-pornography-after-years-of-pressure.html. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 12 November 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-20.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  36. ↑ Reith Banks, Tash (2019-06-15). https://web.archive.org/web/20200823032641/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/jun/15/tokyo-pink-bus-campaign-seeks-to-protect-schoolgirls-from-escort-scouts-jk-business. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 23 August 2020. Soo qaatay 2020-08-20.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  37. ↑ . 2015-02-07 https://web.archive.org/web/20190605123937/https://www.tokyo-sports.co.jp/entame/363414/. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 5 June 2019. Soo qaatay 2020-08-25.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  38. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
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