Ciidagale

Eidagale
Meelaha ay ku badan yihiin
Diinta
	Islam
Dadka ay dhalyo wadagaan
	Isaaq

Ciidagale Waa beel kamida Beelweynta Isaaq Beeshu Waaxa ay rasmi ahaan u Deggaan Gobollada Maroodi Jeex iyo Togdheer ee Soomaaliya Iyo Gobolka Soomaali Galbeed

Baahsanaanta

Eidagalle waa beel ka tirsan beelaha Isaaq. Waxay degaan tiro badan ku leeyihiin gobolka Maroodi Jeex ee Somaliland, gaar ahaan magaalada Hargeysa (dhinacyadeeda dhexe iyo koonfur-bari), iyo degmada Salaxley . Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciidagale waxay sidoo kale si weyn ugu baahsan yihiin dalka ee Itoobiya, gaar ahaan degmooyinka Daroor,iyo Awaare.

Beesha Eedagaale waxay leedahay laamo hoose oo ay ka mid yihiin Mohamed Daoud (Guuyoobe), kuwaas oo degan degmada Oodweyne ee gobolka Togdheer. Sidoo kale, qayb ka mid ah beesha ayaa si taariikhi ah ugu nool waddanka Kenya, halkaas oo ay ka yihiin qayb muhiim ah oo si wayn looyaqaano loona ixtiraamo, laguna magaacabo Isahakia.^[1]^[2]

Tariikhda

Xiliyadii Dhexe

Taariikh ahaan, beesha Ciidagale waxay ka mid ahayd beelihii ka qayb galay dagaalladii lagu qaaday boqortooyadii Xabashida waxayna hoos tagi jireen Saldanaddii Adal. Waxay si gaar ah ugu xusan yihiin buugga Futuh al-Habash (Futuxul Xabash) oo lagu tilmaamay in beelahaasi yihiin Habar Magaadle. Habar Magaadle waxaa laga soo saaray halyeeygii taariikhiga ahaa ee Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen, oo ahaa gacanta midig ee Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi.^[3]

Beesha Ciidagale—gaar ahaan beesha Abokor Muse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo, taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha , gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada Herar. Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen Magalada zelia.

jifo kale oo muhiim ah oo ka tirsana laanta Cabdiraxmaan Muuse, kaasoo ka qayb qaatay dagaladii Axmed Gurey , waxaa lagu nanaysaa Gashaanbuur oo ah Hussein Abokor Matan, oo ah geesiyadii ka qaybqaatay dagalkii iyo difaciiba Axmarada ee Axmed Gurey .

Cilmibaare I. M. Lewis wuxuu xusay in jiray laba Axmed Gurey oo la isku khalday:

Buuggu wuxuu tilmaamayaa laba Axmed oo loogu yeero ‘midig-la’. Mid waxaa lagu magacaabaa "Axmed Gurey Soomaali", oo loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay Axmed Gurey Xuseen, hogaamiye ka tirsanaa Habar Magaadle. Midka kalena waxaa loogu yeeraa “Iimaam Axmed”. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in labadaas Axmed la isku khalday oo laga dhigay hal halyeey oo kali ah.^[4]

Qabriga Sheekh Aw Barkhadle oo u dhexeeya Berbera iyo Hargeysa wuxuu ahaa goob barakeysan oo beelaha Isaaq iyo Eidagalleh ay u adeegsadeen dhaarista, heshiisiinta iyo xallinta khilaafaadka. Beesha Ciidagale, oo ka mid ah hogaamiyeyaasha dhaqanka, ayaa door muhiim ah ka qaadatay maamulka goobtan barakeysan.Gaar ahaan, goobtan waxaa miisaan weyn ku lahaa Salaadiinta iyo Ugaasyada dhaqanka.

Beelaha si gaar ah uga qayb qaatay ilaalinta sharafta iyo shaqada goobta barakeysan ee Aw Barkhadle waxaa ka mid ahayd beesha Ciidagale. Ciidagale waxay caan ku ahaayeen geesinimadooda dagaal iyo hibadooda suugaaneed, waxayna sidoo kale hayeen xilka qiimaha badan ee ah dhexdhexaadiyeyaal iyo ilaalinayaal dhaqanka xeerka Soomaalida. Odayaasha la qadariyo ee beesha ayaa inta badan guddoomin jiray dhaarista heshiisyada iyo xallinta muranada lagu qabto Aw Barkhadle, si loo ilaaliyo heshiisyada loona sugo nabadda iyo wada noolaanshaha bulshada

Marka la kulmo arrin adag oo saameynaysa beelaha Isaaq , waxaa la keenaa waraaq si gaar ah loo ilaaliyo oo yaalla qabriga, kuna saxiixan yahay Bilaal, addoonkii Khaliifadii hore. Dhaaro cusub ayaa lagu kala qaadayaa. Sannadkii 1846, waxa la keenay Berbera oo ay wateen beesha Ciidagale, halkaas oo beelaha Aala Axmed iyo Aala Yuusuf ku dhaarteen inay nabad ku noolaadaan.^[5]

Eidagale waxay si dhaqameed u lahaayeen doorka hoggaaminta gudaha iyo nabadeynta khilaafaadka, iyagoo lagu yaqaan xigmadda iyo kartida suugaanta. Xeer-beegti iyo gabyaa caan ah ayaa kasoo jeeda, waxaana ay adeegsadaan xeer-Soomaaliyeed, dood furan iyo gabayo si ay u xalliyaan ismaandhaafka. Duqeyda beesha waxay inta badan ahaayeen garsoorayaal dhexdhexaad ah marka ay colaado ka dhex qarxaan beelaha walaalaha ah. Aw Barkhadle ayaa mar walba ahayd goobta ugu sarreysa ee dhaar iyo heshiis lagu sameeyo. Hoggaamiyeyaasha Eidagale ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaari jiray dhexdhexaadinta khilaafaadka u dhexeeya beelaha—iyagoo noqday kuwa isku xira kooxaha is haya oo nabad ka dhex abuura. Mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu barakeysan ee heshiisyada nabadeed lagu gaari jiray wuxuu ahaa quduuska Aw Barkhadle, oo ku yaalla inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Hargeysa. Halkaas ayaa lagu dhaaran jiray, iyadoo la isticmaalayo agab quduus ah, waxaana lagu xoojin jiray heshiisyo nabadeed oo waara—taasoo muujinaysa kaalinta ay Eidagale ku lahaayeen ilaalinta dhaqanka iyo sharciga.

Xilliyada khatarta dibadda ah, sida soo galootiga gumaysiga ama dagaallada beelaha, Eidagale waxay si degdeg ah isu abaabuli jireen una midoobi jireen difaaca dhulkooda, iyagoo noqda ilaalayaasha deegaankooda. Dhaqankaas qotoda dheer ee hoggaaminta iyo dhexdhexaadinta waxaa si muuqata u matalayey halyeyaal sida Suldaan Cabdillaahi Dheria, kaasoo saameyn weyn ku lahaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo billowgii qarnigii 20aad—wuxuuna astaan u ahaa sii socoshada awoodda Eidagale ee xagga maamulka dhaqanka iyo dhexdhexaadinta beelaha.

Dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad iyo billowgii qarnigii 20aad, Suldaan Cabdillaahi Dheria wuxuu ka soo dhex baxay isagoo noqday mid ka mid ah madax-dhaqameedyadii ugu magaca dheeraa beesha Isaaq, gaar ahaan beesha Eidagale. Waxaa si weyn loogu xusuustaa xikmaddiisa iyo kartidiisa dhexdhexaadin, wuxuuna door muhiim ah ka qaatay xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta xeerka Soomaalida, iyo maareynta xiriirka lala lahaa gumaystihii Ingiriiska. Hoggaamintiisu waxay xoojisay nidaamka dhaqameed xilli ay jireen isbeddello siyaasadeed oo waaweyn. Maanta, dhaxalkiisii hoggaamineed si weyn ayaa looga xurmeynayaa guud ahaan Somaliland.

Eidagale waxay caan ku ahaayeen xirfaddooda fardo-fuulka, waxaana weeraradoodii xoogga badnaa ay gaadhi jireen laga bilaabo xeebta ilaa gudaha dalka. Sida uu sheegay Carlos Swayne, oo dhex maray Somaliland dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad, Eidagale waxay ka mid ahaayeen beelaha ugu jecel weerarada:

“Beelaha ku dhow xeebta waqooyi ee ugu jecel weerarada waxay u muuqdaan inay yihiin Habr Awal, Eidagale, iyo Habr Gerhajis.”^[6]

Marka laga soo tago xirfaddooda fardo-fuulka, Eidagale sidoo kale waxay caan ku yihiin fasahaaddooda suugaanta dhaqanka Soomaalida, gaar ahaan gabayga. Waxay soo saareen gabayaaal caan ah sida Xasan Tarabi iyo Elmi Boodhari. Taariikh ahaan, Eidagale waxaa beelaha kale ee Soomaaliyeed u aqoonsanaayeen khubaro suugaanta gabayga:^[7]

“Beelaha Soomaaliyeed dhexdeeda, Eidagale waxaa lagu yaqaan khubarnimada tirinta gabayada. Hal gabyaa oo ka tirsan Eidagale laga yaabee inuusan ka heer sarreyn gabyaa wanaagsan oo beel kale ah, laakiin Eidagale waxay u muuqdaan inay gabyaaal badan ka jiraan marka loo eego beelaha kale. ‘Haddii aad halkaan keento boqol nin oo Eidagale ah,’ ayuu ii sheegay Hersi Jaamac, ‘oo aad waydiiso kee gabaygiisa tirin kara, sagaashan iyo shan baa tirin kara. Inta kale weli way baranayaan.’”^[8]

Qarnigyo badan, beesha Eidagale waxay door muhiim ah ku lahayd ganacsigii geela ee fog ee Soomaaliyeed. Ganacsatada Eidagale waxay ka soo heli jireen agabyo kala duwan gobolka Soomaalida ee dhulka hadda loo yaqaan Itoobiya, sida xoolaha, malmalka (acacia gum), muxurta (myrrh), iyo subagga, kuwaas oo markii dambe loo dhoofin jiray Koonfurta Carabta.

Ganacsatada karavaanka ee Eidagale waxay aasaaseen xarumo ganacsi oo muhiim ah gudaha dalka, kuwaas oo ay ka mid tahay magaalada casriga ah ee Hargeysa, taasoo la aasaasay qarnigii 19aad, kana ahayd meel isgoys ah oo u dhexeysa Berbera iyo gudaha Soomaalida.Hargeysa waxaa asal ahaan loo aasaasay bartamaha qarnigii 19aad si ay u noqoto xarun karavaan oo xiriirisa Berbera iyo gudaha.^[9]^[10]

Qayb dhownaata oo laga qaaday khariidaddii 1885 ee ay daabacday Royal Geographical Society ayaa si cad u muujinaysa joogitaanka dhuleed ee beesha Eidagale. Khariidaddu waxay calaamadaynaysaa magaalada Hargeysa (oo ku qoran Harrer-es-Sagheer), iyadoo beesha Eidagale loogu yeedhay Eed-a-galleh kuna muujisan inay deggan yihiin gudaha iyo nawaaxiga deegaankaas. Buuraleyda Naasa Hablood, oo khariidadda lagu qoray Nas Hubla, sidoo kale waa lagu sawiray, taasoo xoojinaysa isku xirka juqraafiyeed iyo dhaqan ee beesha Eidagale ee gobolkaasi.^[11]

Beesha Eidagale waxaa si weyn loogu yaqaannaa xirfaddooda suugaanta, gaar ahaan gabayga, kaas oo kaalin weyn ku leh aqoonsigooda iyo dhaqankooda. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa dad xigmadda iyo hadal-fasahaadda ku caan baxay, iyagoo gabayga u adeegsada sidii ay u xafidi lahaayeen taariikhda, u gudbin lahaayeen qiimaha bulsheed, una xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka. Waxaa hadal caan ah oo laga dhex maqlo odhanaya: "Nin aan gabayn karin weli ma dhalan." Tani waxay muujinaysaa sida gabaygu uga yahay laf-dhabar aqoonta iyo wada-noolaanshaha bulshada Eidagale.

Marka laga soo tago hidda-sugaaneedkooda, beesha Eidagale waxay sidoo kale caan ku yihiin xirfadda xoolo-dhaqatada, gaar ahaan dhaqashada geela, oo ah tiirka ugu weyn ee dhaqaalahooda iyo noloshooda reer guuraanimada. Geelu wuxuu leeyahay qiimo weyn, wuxuuna astaan u yahay hanti, sharaf, iyo adkaysi. Khibraddooda dheer ee ku saabsan dhaqashada iyo daryeelka geela waxay ka tarjumaysaa aqoon jiilal badan soo jirtay, taasoo ka dhigaysa dad si heer sare ah u yaqaan sida loo ilaaliyo loona kobciyo xoolaha.

Isku dhafka suugaantooda afka ah iyo xirfaddooda xoolo-dhaqatada ayaa ah labada tiir ee ugu waaweyn ee dhaxalka dhaqameed ee beesha Eidagale—waa hiddo soo jireen ah oo qoto dheer leh, taasoo weli si xooggan u qeexaysa aqoonsigooda jiilba jiil. An image illustrating 19th-century trade:

Beesha Eidagale waxay si weyn ugaga qayb qaadatay ganacsiga guud ee geela iyo agabka dabiiciga ah ee gobolka. Karavaannadii ka yimid gudaha gudaha ayaa halkan ku degi jiray, iyagoo ka ganacsan jiray muxur, malmal, subag iyo xoolo, taasoo Berbera ka dhigtay xarun ganacsi oo istiraatiiji ah oo u xiriiriya gudaha iyo suuqyada caalamiga ah.

Soomaalida beesha Eidagale ayaa ka yimaada Ogaadeen iyagoo wata baallo, muxur, malmal, ari, lo’, iyo subag; beddelkeedna waxay ka qaataan dhar jumlo ah. Xilligiiba afar jeer ayay safarradan samaynayaan. Ma joogaan wax ka badan hal bil, intay joogaanna waxay la deggan yihiin reerahooda, cunadoodana waxay ku cunaan makhbaza, ama goobaha cuntada lagu wada cuno.^[12]

Geed Qabiil

Geed qoys oo kooban oo ka tirsan Qabiilka Eidagalle ayaa hoos lagu soo bandhigay.^[13]

Daoud(Eidagalle)
- Mohamed Daoud
  - Egal Mohamed (Rer Cigal)
  - Ali Mohamed (Rer Afwayne)
  - Urkurag Mohamed
    - Ali Urkurag
      - Fiqi Sa'ad Ali
      - Mahamoud Ali
      - Ahmed Ali
      - Ismail Ali
        Ali Ismail
        Osman Ali (Rer Osman)
        
        Geedi Ali (Rer Aw)
        
        Yonis Ali
        
        Roble Ali (Rer Rooble)
        Hassan Roble
        
        Abdalle Ali
        Geedi Abdalle (Rer Geedi)
        
        Mohamed Abdalle (Rer Mohamed)
- Abokor Daoud
  - Bilaal Abokor
    - Mohamed Bilal
      - Egal Mohamed
      - Hassan Mohamed
      - Farah Mohamed
  - Isse Abokor
    - Dualeh Isse
    - Hassan Dualeh
- Abokor Muuse
  - Saleiban Abokor
    - Mohammad Salieban
      - Saleiban Mohamed
        Yousuf Saleiban
        Osman Yusuf
        
        Said Yusuf
        
        Mohamed Yusuf
        
        Aralleh Saleiban
        Saleiban Arralle
        Abokor Saleiban
        Abdalleh Abokor
        
        Saleiban Abokor
        Warfa Saleiban
        
        Arreh Saleiban
        
        Farah Saleiban
        
        Mahamoud Saleiban
        
        Hassan Abokor
        Muuse Hassan
        
        Laqshe Hassan
        
        Basiralle Hassan
        
        Dhimbil Hassan
        Mohammed Dhimbil
        
        Muuse Dhimbil
        Abdalle Muse
        Mahamoud Muuse
        Shirdon Mohamoud
        
        Hildiid Mohamoud
        
        Abdalleh Muuse
        Jibirl Abdalle
        Kalil Jibirl
        
        Aden Jibril
        
        Abdi Jibril
        Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi)
        
        Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur)
        
        Benin Abdi (Rer Benin)
        
        Abdille Abdi
        Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab)
        
        Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye)
        
        Mohamed Abdille
        
        Ahmed Dhimbil
        Musa Ahmed
        
        Waisleh Ahmed
        
        Osman Ahmed
        
        Liban Ahmed
        
        Aden Abokor
        Awal Aden
        
        Hassan Aden
- Abdirahman Muuse
  - Yonis Abdiraham
    - Aden Yonis
    - Ismail Yonis
    - Ugadh Yonis
    - Mohamed Yonis
  - Abdalle Abdirahman
    - Mohamed Abdalle (Bah Daylo)
      - Gadid Mohamed
      - Abdalle Mohamed
      - Loge Mohamed
  - Ibrahim Abdalle
    - Kulul Ibrahim (Rer Kul)
    - Abdi Ibrahim (Abdi Dheeri)
    - Abokor Ibrahim
      - Idileh Abokor (Rer Iidleh)
        Ismail Iidle
        
        Bare Iidle
        
        Hussein Abokor Matan (Gashaabuur)
        
        Roble Matan
        
        Hamud Matan
        
        Aden Matan
        
        Damal Aden
        Gabdon Dhamal (Rer Gabdoon)
        
        Hode Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar)
        
        Deria Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar)
        
        Gabib Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar)
        
        Fatah Dhamal (Dhamal YarYar)
        
        Essa Dhamal
        Aden Isse
        
        Warfa Isse
        
        Guled Isse
        
        Liban Isse (Rer Liibaan)
        
        Hassan Isse (Rer Hassan Isse)
        
        Abdi Isse
        Baho Abdi
        
        Abdi Bari (Abdi Bari)
        
        Guled Abdi (Rer Guleed)

Shacab caan ah

Abdillahi Deria – Prominent anti-colonial fighter
Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – was a prominent Somali Scholar, vocalist, poet, and military leader.
Gaabuush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader, with strong tie to SAF.
Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship.
Hassan Guure Jamac
Abwaan Dheeg
Idiris Haji Cisman Gurey
Siyasi Ali Mohamed Ibrahim (Ali Sanyare)
Hussein M. Adam|Hussein Mohammed Adam (Tanzania) – foremost Somali intellectual and scholar who founded the Somali Studies International Association (SSIA)
Abwan Qawdhan Dualeh
Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer
Hajji Abdi Hussein Yusuf (Abdi Warabe)– Respected Somali elder and Guurti member, known for his wisdom and role in peacebuilding and traditional leadership.
Khadra Dahir Cige – popular Somali singer
Suldaan Sakariye Suldan Mohamed S.C/laahi (Galaal)
Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed , a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure.
Mohamed Hassan Finad – Politician and Activist
Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War.
Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning
Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border
Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health
Jama Mohamed Ghalib – served as speaker of the Somali Parliament during the Somali Republic's early civilian administration, between 1960 and 1964
Mahamed Abdiqadir – 8th grand sultan of the Isaaq
Ismail Mahmud Hurre – former foreign minister of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, between 2000-2002 and 2006–2007
Jama Asker –Activist And Politician
Abwan Ali Mooge Geedi Egal
Abdishakur Dayib – Prominent Journalist
Daud Mahamed – the ninth and current grand sultan of the Isaaq Sultanate.
Abdi Bidhaan Dahir – Journalist
Abwan Muse Ali Farur
Abwan Coloaad Qorane – Poet and Member of Federal Parliament of Somalia
Mahid Guled - Former prime minister of Somalia
Bihi Egeh –Minister of Finance of Somalia
Hussein Arab Isse – former deputy prime minister and minister of defence of Somalia, between 2011 and 2012
Abdikarim Ahmed Mooge – Is Somali politician and the current mayor of Hargeisa city
Shiekh Harreed (Xareed) – Scholar and Religious leader
Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia
Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist

Tixraacyo

↑ Waal, Alexander De (1993). "Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63"
↑ Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa. ISBN 9781315308173.
↑ "مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08
↑ Morin, Didier (2004). *Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982*. KARTHALA Editions. ISBN 9782845864924.
↑ The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849
↑ Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 40.
↑ Diriye, p. 75.
↑ Laurance, Margaret. A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.
↑ Journal of African Languages (in english). University of Michigan Press. 1963. p. 27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
↑ Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 96.
↑ Royal Geographical Society map, 1885. British Library Archives.
↑ Hunter, Frederick (1877). An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia*. Cengage Gale. p. 41.
↑ Hunt, John A. (1951). A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950. Wayback Machine (archived 2 February 2022). p. 147.

[1] Waal, Alexander De (1993). "Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63"

[2] Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa. ISBN 9781315308173.

[3] "مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08

[4] Morin, Didier (2004). *Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982*. KARTHALA Editions. ISBN 9782845864924.

[5] The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849

[6] Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 40.

[7] Diriye, p. 75.

[8] Laurance, Margaret. A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.

[9] Journal of African Languages (in english). University of Michigan Press. 1963. p. 27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[10] Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia. p. 96.

[11] Royal Geographical Society map, 1885. British Library Archives.

[12] Hunter, Frederick (1877). An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia*. Cengage Gale. p. 41.

[survey_147-13] Hunt, John A. (1951). A general survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950. Wayback Machine (archived 2 February 2022). p. 147.

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