Imaamtooyada Awsa
Imaamnimada Awsa | |
|---|---|
  Calanka | |
 | |
| Caasimadda | Awsa |
| Luuqadaha rasmiga ah | Af Carabi |
| Luuqadaha gobolka ee la aqoonsan yahay | Af Soomaali, Af Harari, Af Cafar |
| Dawladda | Boqortooyo |
• Imam | Selman (?-1734) |
| Aasaaskii | |
• Dawlad dhistay | 1577 |
• Imaarada Harar way ka go’day imaamnimada | 1657 |
• Dawlad way burburtay | 1734 |
Imaamkii Awsa, oo sidoo kale loo higgaadiyay Imaamnimada ee Awsa, waxa uu ahaa imaamyadii dhexe ee Sunniga Muslimka ee maanta bariga Itoobiya iyo waqooyi-galbeed Jabuuti . [1] Muxammad Gasa waxa uu fadhiisin u noqday Aussa oo ka yimid Harar sannadkii 1577-kii, maadaama uu kan dambe aad ula kulmay duullaankii Oromada . Colaadda gudaha ayaa ka dhalatay khilaafyo u dhexeeyay Harla iyo Carab. Koox reer Harar ah ayaa ka go'day imaamyadii 1647 oo samaystay imaarad iyaga u gaar ah . Qarnigii 17aad waxa la arkay ku darida dadka reer Harla iyo Dooba oo kaalin mug leh ka qaatay aasaaskii Saldanadii Aussa . Dawladdu waxay burburtay 1734-kii iyo 1769-kii, boqortooyadii Mudaito waxay si guul leh u afgambiyeen Kabirto ee Harla.
Asal ahaan
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Harar oo xilka caasimadda haysay muddo 58 sano ah intii u dhaxaysay 1519 iyo 1576, waxa ay si aad ah ula kulantay weerarrada joogtada ah ee Oromada, taasina waxay keentay in ay lumiso muhiimaddeedii istiraatijiyadeed. muhiimaddeedii istiraatijiyadeed. Sidaa darteed, imaamkii cusubi wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u raro caasimaddiisa Aussa, taas oo ka difaac badan oo siisay meel ammaan ah oo laga xukumo. Go’aankan ayaa la qaatay iyadoo la eegayo duruufaha qalafsan ee Imaamyada soo wajahay iyo baahida loo qabo caasimad u adkeysan karta khataraha dibadda ka imaanaya. Natiijo ahaan, Aussa waxay noqotay kursiga cusub ee awoodda waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay taariikhda iyo horumarka imaamka. Kadib markii uu imaam Muxamed Gasa ku wareejiyay kursigii dowlada ee Aussa . , [2] [3] laga soo bilaabo bishii Jumad al-Akhirah ee sanadka 1576 wixii ka dambeeyay, gobolku wuxuu hoos yimid maamulkii wakiil imaamkii Aussa. Tani waxay calaamad u tahay isbedel weyn oo ku yimid haykalka siyaasadeed ee gobolka iyo bilowga waa cusub oo dowladnimo.
Aussa dabayaaqadii qarnigii 16aad qoraalka Carabiga ee Harar "Taʾrīkh al-mulūk" ayaa lagu sheegay in ay qabsadeen Adalite oo haysta cinwaanka Hegano oo ay mar hore noqotay goob ay ku tarmaan kuwa ka soo horjeeda saldanada Adal Sultanate ee fadhigeedu yahay Harar. [4] Dhowr taariikhyahano ah ayaa sheegaya in imaamku uu ka soo jeedo Harari . [5] [6] [7]
Khilaafka gudaha
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Siyaasaddan waxaa hareeyey khilaafyo gudaha ah oo u dhexeeya Xarla iyo imaamyada.[1] Iimaamyadii Dardöra (Daarood) ee Aussa ka dhisnaa ee la socday Harla oo horey gobolka looga yagleelay ayaa waxaa daba socday xulafo kale iyo taageerayaashii Imaam Muxamed Gaas 1585. imaatinkoodii gobolka wuxuu abuuray xiisad ka dhex aloosan Dardor iyo Xarla mar horeba. laga aasaasay gobolka.[2] Harla oo markii horeba Aussa iska dhistay waxay colaad la gashay Canfarta reer guuraaga ah ee ku hareeraysan Aussa. Majaladda Carabiga ayaa sheegaysa in 8 sano oo keliya ka dib markii caasimadda loo wareejiyay Aussa, ay bilaabeen inay duulaan ku qaadaan mid ka mid ah waddooyinka waaweyn ee safarka. Taasi waxay keentay dagaal ba'an oo lagu dilay 10 nin oo amiirro ah.[3][4]
Dardöra (Daarood) ee la aasaasay waxay ku jireen kala qaybsanaan joogto ah, halka Awsimarada fadhiidka ahi ay u dhexaysay isbahaysi iyo iska caabin. Qiyaastii 1628-1636, Axmad Yäwwi, oo madax ka ahaa Harla, ayaa dib u habeyn ku sameeyay nidaamka dhulka isaga oo baafinaya xuduudaha beeraha.[1] Taasi waxay keentay xiisad u dhaxaysa imaamyadii iyo dadkii meesha fadhiyey, oo ay ku jiraan Harla, oo noqday mulkiilayaasha dhulka (oo loo yaqaan Bad-h abba). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerarkii keenay fidinta Debné iyo We'ima ee galbeedka iyo koonfurta oasis, iyo sidoo kale Mödaytó ee waqooyiga, ayaan si buuxda loo ogeyn. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ballaarintaas ay u xaglinayeen Xarladu, oo taageero dibadda ah ka raadinayey halganka ay kula jiraan imaamyada.
Iyaga oo gacan ka helaya Mudaito, Harla waxay gubeen hoyga Imaam Salmän ee Handag, kaas oo la rumeysan yahay inuu ku yaal Wablé Fánta, halka ay ku kulmaan Nangaltá iyo Afal-Gede. Imaamku wuxuu dhintay sanadkii 1750, Salmän waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu ahaa imaamkii ugu dambeeyay ee Gara. Beddelahiisu wuxuu ahaa awoowaha qaybta Dúrussó, Mahammad "Düs" (qiyaastii 1750-1760), kaasoo noqday Harla "Suldaanka" ugu horreeyay ee Awsa waxaana loo tixraacay "Rais" taariikhda Carabta.[1][2] 3][4] Sida ay sheegtay Heloise Mercier, dadkii degganaa Harar ee u soo haajiray Aussa waxay awoodi waayeen inay ilaashadaan caadooyinkooda iyo lahjadooda oo liddi ku ah kuwii Harar ku raagsanaa.[5] Qarnigii 17-aad markii dadka Harla iyo Dooba ee Harla iyo Dooba lagu soo rogo aqoonsiga Canfarta waxay horseedi doontaa soo ifbaxa Saldanada Aussa.[6]
Burbur
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Kabirto Harla oo asal ahaan ka soo jeedda boqortooyadii Walasma ayaa 1769kii waxaa afgambiyay boqortooyadii Mudaito ee Canfarta. Faracii Kabirto Shaykh Kabir Xamza, ayaa taariikhdooda ku xafiday qoraallo. [8] [9] Caalim Talyaani ah oo lagu magacaabo Enrico Cerulli waxa uu sheegay in inkasta oo Aussa ay noqotay mid ay u taliyaan dadka Canfarta, haddana boqortooyadii hore ee Semitic-ku ku hadli jirtay ee Muslimiinta waxay ku badbaaday qaab imaaraadkii Harar ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii 18-aad. [10]
Imaamyada ee Awsa
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]| Magaca | boqortooyo | Ogow | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Imaam Mahamed "Gāsa" Ibrahim | 1577-1583 | Nin ay qaraabo yihiin imaam Axmed Gureey, waxa uu u raray caasimadii Awsa, waxa uuna u magacaabay walaalkii (oo sidoo kale la odhan jiray Maxamed) Wazir reer Harar ah. Khaalidkii Gasa wuxuu ahaa Cabdullaahi al-xabashi, kaaliyahiisana wuxuu ahaa Kabir Xaamid b. Ibraahim al-Jandabali. [11] Waxaa lagu dilay dagaalkii Warra Daya 1583kii. Markii uu dhintay walaalkiis oo Harar ku hadhay ayaa carshiga qabsaday 1583 si kastaba ha ahaatee waxa uu sidoo kale u guuri lahaa Aussa wax yar ka dib. [12] |
| 2 | Imaam Mahamed "Gāsa" Ibrahim II | 1584-1589 | Walaalkii Imaam Maxamed "Gāsa" Ibraahim, wadaadkiisii Zulal b. Abdallah al-Hassani wuxuu si kooban u qabsaday carshigii 1583 si kastaba ha ahaatee isagoo kaashanaya gudoomiyihii Bale Cabbaas b. Kabir Muhammad, Gasa II wuxuu ugu dambeyntii ka adkaan doonaa Zulal wuxuuna noqday imaamka Aussa. Cabbaas b. Kabiir Muxamed si kastaba ha ahaatee isaga laftiisu waxa uu ka fallaagoobi lahaa Gaaska 2aad isagoo taageero weyn ka helaya reer Harla oo qabsaday Saylac oo meesha ka saaray Cabaas Kabiir. Dadka Canfartu waxay duulaan ku qaadi lahaayeen gobolka muddadan. [13] |
| 3 | Imaam Sabraddiin Aadan | 1589-1613 | Ina imaam Mahamed "Gāsa" Ibrahim |
| 4 | Imaam Saadiq Sabraddiin | 1613-1632 | Ina imaam Sabraddiin Aadan |
| 5 | Malaaq Aadan Sadiiq | 1632-1646 | Ina Imaam Saadiq Sabraddiin. [14] |
| 6 | Imaam Axmed Ibraahim | 1646-1647 | Wiil uu awow u yahay Imaam Saadiq Sabraddin, oo uu adeer u yahay Malaaq Aadan Saadiq. |
| 7 | Imaam Cumar Aadan | 1647-1672 | Ina Malaaq Aadan Sadiiq, imaamnimadiisii waxaa burburiyay Mudaito Canfar iyo Xarlaas . [15] |
Wasiiriyiinta ee Harar
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]| Magaca | boqortooyo | Ogow | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Amiir Sacaddiin Ibraahim | 1585-1620 | Wazirkii ugu horeeyay ee Harar oo isku magacaabay "Amiir" si ay u xoojiyaan madaxbannaanida Harar . Wuxuu la dhashay Imaam Maxamed "Gāsa" Ibraahim. Dhowr sano ka dib markii uu helay jagadan, wuxuu sidoo kale noqday Imaamka Aussa |
| 2 | Amiir Sabraddiin Adan | 1620-1625 | Waxaa guulaystey Sa'adaddin Mahamed |
| 3 | Amiir Sadiiq Sabraddiin | 1625-1646 | Aabihiis Sabraddin Adan |
| 4 | Amiir Malaaq Aadan Sadiiq | 1646-1646 | Waxaa badalay aabbihiis Sadiq Sabraddin, waxa uu xukumayay 11 bilood ka hor inta aan la dilin. |
| 5 | Amiir Axmed Ibraahim | 1646-1647 | Malaaq Aadan, waxa uu dhalay Wazir Abraam, waxa uu xukumayay 10 maalmood, ka dib waxa uu u dhintay cabbitaan daroogo ah. |
| 6 | Amiir Cali bin Daa,uud | 1647-1647 | Wuxuu ku guuleystey Ahmed Abram. Waxay ka go'day Imaamkii Awsa si ay u dhisto imaarada Harar . |
| Muhammad Gasa Imam of Aussa r. 1577-1583 | |||||||||||||||
| Sa'd al-Din Muhammad Imam of Aussa r. 1584-1589 | Adan Muhammad | ||||||||||||||
| Sabr al-Din Adan Imam of Aussa r. 1589-1613 | |||||||||||||||
| Sadiq Sabr al-Din Imam of Aussa r. 1613-1632 | |||||||||||||||
| Adan Sadiq Imam of Aussa r. 1632-1646 | Abram Sadiq | ||||||||||||||
| Umar al-Din Adan Imam of Aussa r. 1647-1672 | Ahmad Abram Imam of Aussa r. 1646-1647 | ||||||||||||||
Tixraacyo iyo Buugaagta
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- ↑ Awsa. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
- ↑ Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. p. 134. ISBN 9782845864924.
- ↑ Cerulli, Enrico. Islam Yesterday and Today translated by Emran Waber. Istituto Per L'Oriente. p. 214.
- ↑ Mercier, Héloïse. Writing and rewriting history from Harar to Awsa : a reappraisal of the Taʾrīkh al-mulūk. Annales d'Éthiopie. pp. 46–47.
- ↑ Lindahl, Bernhard. Local History of Ethiopia (PDF). Nordic Africa Institute. p. 37. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
- ↑ Dilebo, Lapiso (2003). An introduction to Ethiopian history from the Megalithism Age to the Republic, circa 13000 B.C. to 2000 A.D. Commercial Printing Enterprise. p. 41.
Like their direct descendants, the Adares of today, the people of ancient Shewa, Yifat, Adal, Harar and Awssa were semitic in their ethnic and linguistic origins. They were neither Somalis nor Afar. But the Somali and Afar nomads were the local subjects of the Adal.
- ↑ Page, Willie. Encyclopedia of African History and Culture (PDF). Facts on File inc. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-17. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
- ↑ Alwan, Daoud. Historical Dictionary of Djibouti. Scarecrow Press. p. 19.
- ↑ IslHornAfr 6 th Field Mission Report (PDF). University of Cophenhagen. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-04-04. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
- ↑ Cerulli, Enrico. Islam Yesterday and Today translated by Emran Waber. Istituto Per L'Oriente. p. 387.
- ↑ Hirsch, Bertrand. In Search of Gendabelo, the Ethiopian "Market of the World"of the 15th and 16th Centuries. Marseille Université.
- ↑ Mercier, Héloïse. Writing and rewriting history from Harar to Awsa : a reappraisal of the Taʾrīkh al-mulūk. Annales d'Éthiopie. p. 62.
- ↑ Muhammad Gasa II b. Ibrahim. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
- ↑ Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. p. 134. ISBN 9782845864924.
- ↑ Fani, Sara (2017). HornAfr 6thField Mission Report (PDF). University of Copenhagen. p. 8.