Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan koox ka mid ah noolaha.

Brotista (Af Ingiriis: Protist; Af Carabi: طلائعيات; loogu dhawaaqo: /ˈproʊt[invalid input: 'ɨ']st/) (magaca Saynis paraphyletic) waa koox balaadhan oo noole ka tirsan silsilada boqortooyooyinka nolosha. Brotista waa noole yar (ili-maqabatay ah) leh hal unug, kaasi oon lahayn waslad (ama xubno is-heystaa ama iskuxidhan). Wakhtiyadii hore waxaa kooxdan lagu dari jiray dhinaca boqortooyada Brotistai, laakiin xadaarada iyo Sayniska cusub ee maanta waxaa loo aqoonsaday in Brotista ka tirsan tahay lafdhabar la'leyda (noolaha aan lahay lafdhabarka).^[2]^[3]^[4] Eray u dhigma Protoctista ayaa loo adeegsadaa noolahaan hay'ado iyo machadyo kala duwan.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Qeybaha Boqortooyooyinka

Brotista
Kala soocida cilmiga ah
Xukun:	Eukarya;
	Kooxo ka madax banaan Fungi; Dhir; Xayawaan; Supergroups and typical phyla Archaeplastida Red alga; Glaucophyta; ; SAR supergroup Stramenopiles; Alveolata Apicomplexa; Ciliophora; Dinoflagellata; ; Rhizaria Cercozoa; Foraminifera; Radiolaria; ; ; Excavate Euglenozoa; Percolozoa; Metamonad; ; Amoebozoa; Opisthokonta Choanozoa; ; Kuwo kale;; kala saarka waa lagu kala duwan yahay

In kastoo kala qeybinta kooxaha boqortooyada ee biyoloji lagu kala duwan yahay, wadanka Maraykanka iyo Kanada waxay qeybahaasi ka dhigaan ilaa lix kooxood (Xayawaan, Dhir, Fungi, Brotista, Arjaeya, Bakteriya); halka wadanada ay ka mid yihiin Ingiriiska, Hindiya, Australia, Latin Amerika, meelo badan oo Afrika ah iyo wadano kale waxay aqoonsadeen kaliya shan koox oo ka tirsan boqortooyada, kuwaasi oo kala ah: Xayawaanka, Dhirta, Fungiga, Brotistaha iyo Bakteriyada.^[8]

Noole

	Boqortooyo Dhir

	Boqortooyo Xayawaan

	Boqortooyo Brotist

	Boqortooyo Bakteriya

	Boqortooyo Fungi

Qoraalo Kale

Tixraac

↑ Adl Sina M.; et al. (2012). "The revised classification of eukaryotes" (PDF). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–514. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2015-12-27. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |ciwaan= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ Gooday, A. J. (2003). "Benthic foraminifera (Protista) as tools in deep-water palaeoceanography: Environmental influences on faunal characteristics". Advances in marine biology. 46: 1–90. doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(03)46002-1. PMID 14601411.
↑ Kirk, N. L.; Ritson-Williams, R.; Coffroth, M. A.; Miller, M. W.; Fogarty, N. D.; Santos, S. R. (2013). "Tracking Transmission of Apicomplexan Symbionts in Diverse Caribbean Corals". PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e80618. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080618. PMC 3833926. PMID 24260438.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
↑ Zhao, Y.; Gentekaki, E.; Yi, Z.; Lin, X. (2013). "Genetic Differentiation of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase c Subunit I Gene in Genus Paramecium (Protista, Ciliophora)". PLoS ONE. 8 (10): e77044. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077044. PMC 3812207. PMID 24204730.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
↑ Miloslavich, P.; Díaz, J. M.; Klein, E.; Alvarado, J. J.; Díaz, C.; Gobin, J.; Escobar-Briones, E.; Cruz-Motta, J. J.; Weil, E.; Cortés, J.; Bastidas, A. C.; Robertson, R.; Zapata, F.; Martín, A.; Castillo, J.; Kazandjian, A.; Ortiz, M. (2010). "Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns". PLoS ONE. 5 (8): e11916. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011916. PMC 2914069. PMID 20689856.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
↑ Martínez-Girón, R; Ribas-Barceló, A (2007). "Pitfall in sputum cytology: Protoctista resembling adenocarcinoma cells". Diagnostic Cytopathology. 35 (1): 32–3. doi:10.1002/dc.20584. PMID 17173305.
↑ Osaka, T; Beika, A; Hattori, A; Kohno, Y; Kato, K. H.; Mizutani, T (2003). "The protozoa dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina contains selenoproteins and the relevant translation apparatus" (PDF). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 300 (1): 236–40. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02806-1. PMID 12480549. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-12-27. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |ciwaan= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
↑ Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163) http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf Archived Oktoobar 19, 2020 // Wayback Machine

Maqaalkan waa la bilaabay. Hadii aad wax ka taqaanid fadlan ka caawi Wikipedia in aad Wax ku dartid. Qoraalkaagu ha noqdo mid faa'iido leh oo dhexdhexaad ah.

[Adl2012-1] Adl Sina M.; et al. (2012). "The revised classification of eukaryotes" (PDF). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (5): 429–514. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2015-12-27. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |ciwaan= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[2] Gooday, A. J. (2003). "Benthic foraminifera (Protista) as tools in deep-water palaeoceanography: Environmental influences on faunal characteristics". Advances in marine biology. 46: 1–90. doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(03)46002-1. PMID 14601411.

[3] Kirk, N. L.; Ritson-Williams, R.; Coffroth, M. A.; Miller, M. W.; Fogarty, N. D.; Santos, S. R. (2013). "Tracking Transmission of Apicomplexan Symbionts in Diverse Caribbean Corals". PLoS ONE. 8 (11): e80618. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080618. PMC 3833926. PMID 24260438.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[4] Zhao, Y.; Gentekaki, E.; Yi, Z.; Lin, X. (2013). "Genetic Differentiation of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase c Subunit I Gene in Genus Paramecium (Protista, Ciliophora)". PLoS ONE. 8 (10): e77044. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077044. PMC 3812207. PMID 24204730.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[5] Miloslavich, P.; Díaz, J. M.; Klein, E.; Alvarado, J. J.; Díaz, C.; Gobin, J.; Escobar-Briones, E.; Cruz-Motta, J. J.; Weil, E.; Cortés, J.; Bastidas, A. C.; Robertson, R.; Zapata, F.; Martín, A.; Castillo, J.; Kazandjian, A.; Ortiz, M. (2010). "Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns". PLoS ONE. 5 (8): e11916. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011916. PMC 2914069. PMID 20689856.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[6] Martínez-Girón, R; Ribas-Barceló, A (2007). "Pitfall in sputum cytology: Protoctista resembling adenocarcinoma cells". Diagnostic Cytopathology. 35 (1): 32–3. doi:10.1002/dc.20584. PMID 17173305.

[7] Osaka, T; Beika, A; Hattori, A; Kohno, Y; Kato, K. H.; Mizutani, T (2003). "The protozoa dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina contains selenoproteins and the relevant translation apparatus" (PDF). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 300 (1): 236–40. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02806-1. PMID 12480549. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-12-27. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |ciwaan= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[8] Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green, L., van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Smid H. BMJ 2011; 343 (d4163) http://savenhshomeopathy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Huber-Definition-Health-BMJ-21.pdf Archived Oktoobar 19, 2020 // Wayback Machine

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Brotista

Kala soocida cilmiga ah
Xukun:	Eukarya

Kooxo ka madax banaan Fungi Dhir Xayawaan Supergroups^[1] and typical phyla Archaeplastida Red alga Glaucophyta SAR supergroup Stramenopiles Alveolata Apicomplexa Ciliophora Dinoflagellata Rhizaria Cercozoa Foraminifera Radiolaria Excavate Euglenozoa Percolozoa Metamonad Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Choanozoa Kuwo kale; kala saarka waa lagu kala duwan yahay