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Makayl-Dheere

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Makayl-Dheere (Af-Ingiriis: Makail Dera, Af-Soomaali: Makayldheere, Amxaar: ሚካኤል ዳራ, Carabi: مكائيل ديري) oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Makaahiil-Dheere (Makayldheere), waa qabiil ka mid ah qabaa'ilada waawayn ee Soomaaliyeed oo woqooyiga dhulka Soomaalidu degto, waa qabiil ka tirsan Makaahiil Gadabuursi ee Beelaha Dir.[1][2][3]

Makayl-Dheere
 Itoobiya File:Flag of somalia.svg Somalia  Jabuuti
Meelaha ay ku badan yihiin
Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somaliland
Luqada

Somali

Diinta

Islaam

Guudmarka

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Makayl-Dheere waa mid ka mid ah jufooyinka waaweyn ee beesha Gadabuursi. Taariikh ahaan, waxay qabsadaan aagagga xadka u dhexeeya qabaa'ilka Gadabuursi iyo Ciise ee Itoobiya . Waxay kaloo xuduud la leeyihiin beelaha Jaarso, Geri iyo dadka Oromada ah.[4]

Qaybinta

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Dhulka Makayl-Dheere wuxuu ku dhex yaala dalka Itoobiya, hase yeeshe, waxay kaloo deggan yihiin Soomaaliya iyo Jabuuti .

Gudaha Itoobiya, beesha Makayl-Dheere wuxuu degaa labadaba Deegaanka Soomaalida iyo Gobolka Oromada . Deegaanka Soomaalida, waxay si gaar ah u degan yihiin degmada Awbare waxayna ka kooban yihiin inta badan qabaa'ilka dega degmada Dembel.[5][6] Waxay yihiin beelaha ugu weyn ee dega deegaanka caanka ee Dooxada Harawo oo guulo labadaba degmooyin ee Awbare iyo Dembel.[7] Gudaha Gobolka Oromada, Makayldheeruhu wuxuu degan yahay Metehara[8] iyo Jinacsaney.[9] Waxay sidoo kale degen yihiin baadiyaha bariga Diridhabe iyo agagaarka Harar.

Gudaha Somaliland, beesha Makayl-Dheere wuxuu degan yahay Gobolka Awdal wuxuuna si gaar ah u degan yahay Degmada Boorama.

Gudaha Jabuuti, beesha Makayl-Dheere wuxuu degan yahay Xaafadda 4 iyo 5 ee Jabuuti (magaalo).

Taariikhda

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Maadaama uu ka soo jeedo beesha Dir, beesha Makayl-Dheere waxay ka mid ahaayeen Saldanada Ifat iyo Saldanada Adal.[10] Saldanadahan waxaa maamuli jiray boqortooyadii Walashma, oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeday Yuusuf bin Axmad Al-Kawneyn oo caan ahaa. Beesha Makayl-Dheere wuxuu hoos yimaadaa laanta Makaahiil ee Gadabuursi.

Makayl-Dheere sidoo kale wuxuu dagan yahay qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinka ugu faca weyn saldanadahan sida Awbare oo loo arko inay tahay goob taariikhi ah oo muhiim ah isla markaana hoy u ah awliyo badan oo Soomaaliyeed.

Qoyska boqortooyada ee Gadabuursi, Ugaaskii, waa ay ka soo jeedeen waana boqortooyo dhaxlaysa Saldanada Ifat, Saldanada Adal iyo Saldanada Harar. Ugaaskii ugu horreeyay ee burburkan iyo boqortooyadii dhaxlay wuxuu ahaa Cali Makayl-Dheere.

Sida ku cad warqad cilmi baaris ah oo la yiraahdo Max Planck, hal laan oo ka mid ah qoyska Reer Ugaas ee beesha Makayl-Dheere ee ku sugnaa xuduudaha Itoobiya ayaa gaadhay darajada dejazmach (ደጃዝማች), ('Taliyaha Albaabka'). Waana magac militari oo macnaheedu yahay taliyaha qaybta dhexe ee ciidan hubaysan oo Itoobiyaan ah kana kooban gaashaaman, jirka guud, baalasha bidix iyo midig iyo jirka gadaal.[4]

Saldanada Adal oo inta badan qayb ka ahayd dhulka Gadabuursi iyo qabsashadii Abyssinia ee ay ku darsadeen.

Jabhadda dimuqraadiga ee Horyaal waxay ahayd urur Gadabuursi ka hawlgala Deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya, kuwaas oo badankood ka soo jeedeen beesha Makayl-Dheere. Aaggooda saamaynta waxaa ka mid ahaa soohdinta Somaliland iyo qoto dheer galay Itoobiya oo ka mid ah Diridhaba, Jigjiga, Jinacsaney, Tuli Guled, Harar, Ejersa Goro iyo Awbare. Xarunta dhexe ee dhaqdhaqaaqan fallaagada ah waxay ahayd buuraha u dhexeeya Jinacsaney iyo Diridhaba[11]

Ugaasyada ama Boqortooyada Gadabuursi

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Ugaaskii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ahaa Ugaas Cali Makayl-Dheere.[2]

Beesha Gadabuursi waxay siiyaan Boqorkooda magaca Ugaas.[12] Waa erey Soomaali dhab ah oo loo yaqaan Boqor ama Suldaan. Gaar ahaan Gadabuursi waa qabiilka kaliya ee leh dhaqan soo jireen ah in la helo Boqor.[13]

Ugaas Cali Makayl-Dheere oo ku dhashay 1575 deegaanka Dhoobo, oo ah aag woqooyiga kaga beegan magaalada hada ee Boorama ee woqooyi-galbeed Somaliland, ayaa loo diiwaan galiyay inuu gaystay jab xoog leh oo soo gaadhay ciidamadii Gallaha (Oromo) ee Nabadid.[14] Ugaas Cali Makayl-Dheere waxaa ku abtirsada beelweynta Reer Ugaas oo ah qoyska boqortooyada ee beesha Gadabuursi.[15]

Ugaas Nuur I, oo loo caleemo saaray 1698, wuxuu guursaday Faaya Aale Boore oo ahayd gabadhii uu dhalay Boqorkii Gallaha (Oromo) ee la odhan jiray Aale Boore.[2] Ugaas Nuur I iyo Faaya Aale Boore waxay dhaleen Ugaas Hiraab iyo Ugaas Shirdoon oo ahaa kii 7aad ee safka ka danbeeya Ugaas Hiraab.[2] Aale Boore wuxuu ahaa boqorkii Oromada ee caan ahaa oo bariga iyo galbeedka Hararghe ka talin jiray. Dagaaladii oo ke dhexeeyay Gadabuursiga iyo Oromada waxay calaamad u noqotay isbadal taariikhi ah oo lagu soo gabagabeynayo quwada Oromada ee Bariga Hararghe.[2]

Beesha Gadabuursi wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu jebiyo oo dilo Boqorka ku xigey Aale Boore, xiligii Ugaas Rooble I oo la caleemo saaray 1817. Waxaa la sheegaa in intuu xukunka hayey qabiilka Gadabuursi ay gaareen saameyn weyn iyo dherer aad u weyn. Markii ay ku guuleysteen inay ka adkaadaan xukunka Gallaha (Oromo), boqorka wakhtigaas oo magaciisu ahaa Nuuno oo dharbaaxo kulul ku riday niyadda Gallaha, sababtuna tahay in la dilay Boqorkoodii aadka u jeclaa. Waxaa ka adkaaday Geedi Bahdoon, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Geedi Malable. Waran ayuu ku dhuftay Boqorka isagoo taagan geed hortiisa, waranki oo lagu muday geedka gudihiisa taas oo u suurta galin weyday Boqorka inuu ka baxsado ama ka saaro waranki. Markii uu dhintay ka dib waxaa lagu aasay aag hadda loo yaqaan Qabri Nuuno oo u dhow magaalada Sheed dheer ee degmada Awbare.[2][16]

Ugaas Rooble I wuxuu dhintay 1848 waxaana lagu aasay aag la yiraahdo Dhexroor, oo u dhow Awbare. Waxay caado u noqotay Soomaalida wixii ka dambeeya Ugaas Rooble I markasta oo Ugaas la caleemo saaro oo roob da’o, waa in loogu magac daro Ugaas Rooble, oo macnihiisu yahay 'midka roobka leh' ama 'roob sameeye'.

Ugaas Nuur II wuxuu ku dhashay Saylac sanadka markuu ahaa 1835 waxaana lagu boqray ceelka la oran jiray Bagi sanadkii 1848.[17] Wuxuu xiriir adag la sameeyay Khedive-ka Masar iyo Abdallah II ibn Ali (Cabdala Cabdishakuur) oo ahaa waali Harar, intii uu xukunka hayay quwadaha reer Galbeedku waxay ku tartamayeen awoodda maamulka Geeska Afrika. Wuxuu kaloo ahaa gabyaa caan ah. Wuxuu ahaa nooca ku hadla ereyada aan waligood ilaawi doonin mar ay dhegaha dadka galaan. Wuxuu curiyay gabayo badan oo oranaya kuwaas oo runtii sharxaya siyaasada iyo aqoonta waqtigaas jirtay. Sidee loo maraa dulqaad iyo macaamil xeel dheer oo qofku awood u yeesho inuu soo xero geliyo cadowgiisa. Wuxuu kaloo oran jiray markasta oo uu gabay maqlo waligiis ma iloobi doono. Shaqadiisu waxay ahayd welina lagu baraa casharrada Maansada Soomaaliyeed ( Suugaan: Fasalka Koobaad ).[18][19]

Name Reign

From

Reign

Till

Born
1 Ugaas Cali Makayl-Dheere 1607 1639 1575[20]
2 Ugaas Cabdi I Ugaas Cali Makayl-Dheere 1639 1664
3 Ugaas Xuseien Ugaas Cabdi Ugaas Cali 1664 1665
4 Ugaas Cabdile Ugaas Cabdi Ugaas Cali 1665 1698
5 Ugaas Nuur I Ugaas Cabdi Ugaas Cali 1698 1733
6 Ugaas Hiraab Ugaas Nuur Ugaas Cabdi 1733 1750
7 Ugaas Shirdoon Ugaas Nuur Ugaas Cabdi 1750 1772
8 Ugaas Samatar Ugaas Shirdoon Ugaas Nuur 1772 1812
9 Ugaas Guuleed Ugaas Samatar Ugaas Shirdoon 1812 1817
10 Ugaas Rooble I Ugaas Samatar Ugaas Shirdoon 1817 1848
11 Ugaas Nuur II Ugaas Rooble Ugaas Samatar 1848 1888 1828
12 Ugaas Rooble II Ugaas Nuur Ugaas Rooble 1888 1898
13 Ugaas Cilmi Warfaa "Cilmi-Dheere" Ugaas Rooble Ugaas Samatar 1898 1938 1835[21]
14 Ugaas Cabdi II Ugaas Rooble Ugaas Nuur 1938 1948
15 Ugaas Doodi Ugaas Cabdi Ugaas Rooble 1948 1952
16 Ugaas Rooble III Ugaas Doodi Ugaas Rooble 1952 1977
17 Ugaas Jaamac Muxumed Ugaas Cilmi-Warfaa 1960 1985
18 Ugaas Cabdirashiid Ugaas Rooble Ugaas Doodi 1985 -[22]

Geed Qabiil

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Beesha Makayl-Dheere waxay ka soo jeedaan Dir iyada oo loo marayo Gadabuursi. Abtirsiinta ayaa ku hoos qoran.

  • Gadabuursi
  • Habar Makaduur (Makadoor)
    • Makaahiil
      • Muuse
        • Makayl-Dheere (Makaahiil-Dheere)
  • Makayl-Dheere (Makaahiil-Dheere)
    • Abokor
      • Reer Galaangal
      • Reer Cabdi Abokor
    • Ugaas
      • Ugaas Cabdille
      • Ugaas Samatar

Tixraacyo

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

 

  1. ↑ I.M Lewis (1959) (PDF) https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/4913/1/The%20Galla%20in%20northern%20Somaliland.pdf.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nur, Sheikh Abdurahman 1993 . 1993 https://www.scribd.com/document/442929206/Ilbaxnimadii-Adal-Iyo-Sooyaalkii-Soomaaliyeed.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  3. ↑ Omar, Mohamed Osman, 2001, The Scramble for the Horn of Africa, History of Somalis
  4. ↑ Omar, Mohamed Osman, 2001, The Scramble for the Horn of Africa, History of Somalis
  5. ↑ "Shinile Agropastoral Livelihood Zone", p. 8
  6. ↑ FSNAU Monthly Brief - February 2003.
  7. ↑ Omar, Mohamed Osman, 2001, The Scramble for the Horn of Africa, History of Somalis
  8. ↑ https://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/2325/Gebre_When_040508_Paper561.pdf?sequence=1
  9. ↑ Vigneau, Frederic, 1994, Field Trip Report Jijiga
  10. ↑ Futūḥ al-Ḥabasha. (n.d.). Christian-Muslim Relations 1500 - 1900. doi:10.1163/2451-9537_cmrii_com_26077
  11. ↑ Vigneau, Frederic, 1994, Field Trip Report Jijiga
  12. ↑ Lewis, I. M. (1961-01-01). LIT Verlag Münster. p. 204. ISBN 9783825830847 https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  13. ↑ Westermann, Diedrich; Smith, Edwin William; Forde, Cyril Daryll (2007-01-01). Oxford University Press. p. 230 https://books.google.com/books?id=nlIqAQAAIAAJ.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  14. ↑ I.M Lewis (1959) (PDF) https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/4913/1/The%20Galla%20in%20northern%20Somaliland.pdf.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  15. ↑ I.M Lewis (1959) (PDF) https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/4913/1/The%20Galla%20in%20northern%20Somaliland.pdf.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  16. ↑ I.M Lewis (1959) (PDF) https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/4913/1/The%20Galla%20in%20northern%20Somaliland.pdf.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  17. ↑ Taariikhtii Ugaas Nuur
  18. ↑ . Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta. 1976 https://books.google.com/books?id=4DbWAAAAMAAJ&q=ugaas+nuur.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  19. ↑ Nur, Sheikh Abdurahman 1993 . 1993 https://www.scribd.com/document/442929206/Ilbaxnimadii-Adal-Iyo-Sooyaalkii-Soomaaliyeed.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  20. ↑ LEWIS, I. M. (1959-01-01). Rassegna di Studi Etiopici. 15: 31. JSTOR 41299539.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  21. ↑ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003-02-25). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810866041 https://books.google.com/books?id=DPwOsOcNy5YC&q=dictionary+of+somalia&pg=PA291.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  22. ↑ A list of the Gadabuursi Sultans
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