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Koonfur Afrika

Bedel linkiga
Ka Wikipedia
(Waxaa laga soo toosiyay South Africa)
Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika
(bila luqadaha kale ee rasmiga ah)[1]
Af Afrikaans Republiek van Suid-Afrika
Southern Ndebele iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika
Northern Sotho Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa
Swazi iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika
Sotho Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa
Af Sawaaxili iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika
Af Tswana Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa
Tsonga Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga
Af Venda Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe
Af Zulu iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika
Calanka Koonfur Afrika
Calanka
Astaanta qaranka ee Koonfur Afrika
Astaanta qaranka
Hal-ku-dheg: "ǃke e꞉ ǀxarra ǁke" (ǀXam)
"Midnimo ka dhex jirta kala duwanaanshaha"
Heesta qaranka: "Heesta Qaranka ee Koonfur Afrika"
Muuji khariidadda Koonfur Afrika
CaasimaddaPretoria (fulinta)[lower-alpha 1][3]
Cape Town (xeer-dejinta)[lower-alpha 2][3]
Bloemfontein (garsoorka)[lower-alpha 3][3]
Magaalada ugu weynJohannesburg[4]
Luuqadaha rasmiga ah12 luqadood[5][6]Template:Idp
Luqadaha leh maqaamka gaarka ah[5]
Qaybaha qowmiyadaha
(2022[7])
Diinta
(2022)[8]
 Dadka
DawladdaMidaysan jamhuuriyad baarlamaan oo leh madaxtooyo fulineed
Cyril Ramaphosa
Paul Mashatile
Thoko Didiza
Refilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane
Mandisa Maya
Sharci-dejintaBaarlamaan
• Aqalka sare
Golaha Gobollada ee Qaranka
• Aqalka hoose
Golaha Qaranka
Madaxbannaanida 
ka timid Boqortooyada Midowday
• Midowga
31 May 1910
11 December 1931
31 May 1961
4 February 1997
Bedka
• Wadarta
1,221,037 km2 (471,445 sq mi) (24aad)
• Biyo (%)
0.380
Dadka
• Qiyaastii 2024
Neutral increase 63,015,904[8] (23aad)
• Tiro-koobkii 2022
Neutral increase 62,027,503[8] (23aad)
• Cufnaanta
50.8/km2 (131.6/sq mi) (169aad)
Wax soo saar (PPP)Qiyaastii 2026 
• Wadarta
Increase $1.071 tiriliyan[9] (33aad)
• Qofkiiba
Increase $16,740[9] (107aad)
Wax soo saar (magac ahaan)Qiyaastii 2026 
• Wadarta
Increase $479.964 bilyan[9] (39aad)
• Qofkiiba
Increase $7,503[9] (107aad)
Qaybsiga (2023)63.0[10]
sinnaan la'aan aad u sarraysa
Kobaca (2023)0.741[11]
sarreeya (106aad)
LacagtaRand-ka Koonfur Afrika (ZAR)
SaacaddaUTC+2 (SAST)
Qaabka taariikhdaQaababka gaagaaban:
Koodhka wicitaanka+27
Koodhka ISO 3166ZA
Furaha Internetka.za

Koonfur Afrika, si rasmi ahna loogu yeero Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika (RSA), waa dalka ku yaal meesha ugu koonfureed ee Afrika.[lower-alpha 4] Sagaalkiisa gobol waxaa dhanka koonfureed ka xaddida 2,798 kilometres (1,739 miles) oo xeeb ah oo fidsan dhererka Koonfurta Atlaantigga, iyo Badweynta Hindiya;[16][17][18] dhanka waqooyi waxaa kaga dhow dalalka deriska la ah ee Namibia, Botswana, iyo Zimbabwe dhanka bari iyo waqooyi-bari waxaa ka xiga Mozambique, iyo Eswatini, waxayna ku dhex dhowrtaa Lesotho.[19] Iyadoo daboolaysa aag baaxad leh oo gaaraya 1,221,037 square kilometres (471,445 square miles), dalku wuxuu leeyahay tiri dad ah oo ka badan 63 milyan oo qof, taasoo ka dhigaysa dalka lixaad ee ugu dadka badan Afrika. Pretoria waa caasimadda maamulka, halka Cape Town, oo ah fadhiga Baarlamaanka, ay tahay caasimadda xeer-dejinta, Bloemfontein-na waxaa loo tixgeliyaa caasimadda garsoorka.[20] Magaalada ugu weyn uguna dadka badan waa Johannesburg, waxaana ku xiga Cape Town iyo Durban.[21]

Helitaannada qadiimiga ah waxay muujinayaan in noocyo kala duwan oo hominid ah ay ka jireen Koonfur Afrika qiyaastii 2.5 milyan oo sano ka hor, iyo bini'aadamka casriga ah waxay deggenaayeen gobolka in ka badan 100,000 oo sano ka hor.[22] Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee la ogaaday waxay ahaayeen dadka u dhashay deegaanka ee Khoisan, iyo dadka ku hadla luqadda Bantu, kuwaas oo u soo guuray mowjado ahaan, iyagoo ka yimid galbeedka iyo bartamaha Afrika una soo guuray gobolka 2,000 ilaa 1,000 sano ka hor.[23] Dhanka waqooyi, Boqortooyada Mapungubwe waxay dhalatay qarnigii 13aad, iyo Boqortooyada Venda qarnigii 17aad. Sannadkii 1652, Dutch-ka waxay ka samaysteen degitaankii ugu horreeyay ee reer Yurub Table Bay, Gumeysigii Cape ee Dutch-ka. Duulaankeedii 1795-kii, iyo Dagaalkii Blaauwberg ee 1806-dii waxay keeneen qabsashadii Ingiriiska. Mfecane, xilli ay jireen rabshado waaweyn, waxay keentay sameynta boqortooyooyin Afrikaan ah oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jirto Boqortooyada Zulu. Gobolka wuxuu sii maray gumeysi dheeraad ah, iyo Kacaankii Macdanta wuxuu arkay isbeddel ku aaddan warshadaynta iyo magaaloowga. Ka dib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Boer, Midowga Koonfur Afrika waxaa la abuuray 1910 ka dib markii la isu geeyay gumeysiyadii Cape, Natal, Transvaal, iyo Orange River, isagoo noqday jamhuuriyad ka dib aftidii 1961. Xuquuqda codbixinta ee jinsiyadaha kala duwan ee Cape Qualified Franchise ee Cape si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo baabbi'iyay, inta badanna Afrkaanka Madow ee Koonfur Afrika lama siin xuquuq codbixineed ilaa 1994.[23]

Xisbiga Qaranka wuxuu soo rogay midab-kala-soocidda (apartheid) sannadkii 1948, isagoo sharciyeeyay kala-soociddii jinsiyadeed ee hore u jirtay. Ka dib haddaba halgankii ay galeen Golaha Qaranka Afrika (ANC) iyo u-dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha kale ee ka dhanka ah apartheid, ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba, baabbi'inta sharciyada midab-kala-sooca waxay bilaabatay badhtamihii 1980-aadkii. Doorashooyin caalami ah ayaa dhacay 1994, ka dib markii dhammaan kooxaha jinsiyadaha ay heleen matalaad siyaasadeed ee dalka dhexdiisa oo ku dhisan dimuqraadiyad xor ah, taas oo ka kooban jamhuuriyad baarlamaan iyo sagaal gobol. Waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay quwad dhexe ee arrimaha caalamiga ah, Koonfur Afrika waxay leedahay saameyn gobol oo weyn waana xubin ka tirsan BRICS+, Midowga Afrika (oo martigeliya fadhiga Baarlamaanka Pan-African), SADC, SACU, Barwaaqo-sooranka, iyo G20.[24][25]

Ayadoo ah dal soo koraya, ahna dal dhowaan warshadeeyay, waxay leedahay dhaqaalaha ugu weyn Afrika marka loo eego GDP-ga nominal,[26][27] waxayna la mid tahay Itoobiya marka loo eego tirada goobaha UNESCO Goobaha Dhaxalka Caalamiga ah ee ku yaal Afrika,[28] waana meel caan ku ah kala-duwanaanshaha noolaha leh biomes gaar ah, dhir, iyo nolosha xayawaanka. Koonfur Afrika waxay ka kooban tahay dhaqammo kala duwan, luqado, iyo diimo, waxaana loogu yeeraa "qaranka qaanso-roobaadka" (rainbow nation), gaar ahaan wixii ka dambeeyay xilligii apartheid, si loo sifeeyo kala duwanaanshaheeda.[29] Tan iyo markii uu dhammaaday xukunkii apartheid, isla-xisaabtanka dowladda iyo tayada nolosha ayaa si weyn ugu soo hagaagay muwaadiniinta aan caddaanka ahayn.[30] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dambiyada, rabshadaha, saboolnimada, iyo kala-sarreynta waxay weli yihiin kuwo baahsan, iyadoo ku dhowaad 32% dadka ay yihiin kuwo aan shaqo lahayn as of 2024,[31][32] halka ilaa 56% ay ku noolaayeen meel ka hooseysa khadka saboolnimada sannadkii 2014.[33][34] Maadaama ay leedahay koofishanka Gini ee ugu sarreeya oo ah 0.67, Koonfur Afrika waxaa loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu sinnaan la'aanta badan xagga dhaqaalaha aduunka.[35][36]

Asalka magaca

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Magaca "Koonfur Afrika" wuxuu ka yimid goobta juqraafi ahaan dalku ku yaal ee ah darafka koonfureed ee Afrika. Markii la aasaasay, dalka waxaa loogu magac daray Midowga Koonfur Afrika xagga Ingiriisiga iyo Unie van Zuid-Afrika xagga Dutch-ka, taasoo ka tarjumaysa asalkiisa ee ka dhashay midaynta afar gumeysi oo Ingiriis ah. Tan iyo 1961, magaca rasmiga ah ee dheer ee Ingiriisiga wuxuu ahaa Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika iyo Republiek van Suid-Afrika xagga Afrikaans. Dalku wuxuu leeyahay magac rasmi ah oo ku qoran 12 luqadood oo rasmi ah.[37][38]

Mzansi, oo laga soo qaatay magaca Xhosa ee uMzantsi oo macnaheedu yahay "koonfur", waa magac caan ah oo loo isticmaalo Koonfur Afrika,[39][40] halka xisbiyada qaar ee u dooda Pan-Africanism ay doorbidaan ereyga "Azania", oo ah erey asal ahaan ka yimid Giriigga, ee aan ahayn luqad Afrikaan ah.[41]

Tixraacyo

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. ↑ "Constitution Eighteenth Amendment Act". Act No. 47665 of Error: the date or year parameters are either empty or in an invalid format, please use a valid year for year, and use DMY, MDY, MY, or Y date formats for date (in Ingiriisi and Tswana). Vol. 697. Parliament of the Republic of South Africa.
  2. 1 2 3 "South Africa's Three Capital Cities". gov.za. Government of South Africa. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
  3. 1 2 3 "South Africa at a glance". South African Government. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  4. ↑ "Principal Agglomerations of the World". City Population. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  5. 1 2 The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (PDF) (2013 English version ed.). Constitutional Court of South Africa. 2013. ch. 1, s. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  6. ↑ Cillad tixraac: Calaamadda <ref> waa aan ansax ahayn; wax qoraal ah laguma darin tixraacyada lagu magacaabay "parliament.gov.za".
  7. ↑ Mitchley, Alex. "SA's population swells to 62 million - 2022 census at a glance". News24 (in Ingiriis Maraykan). Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  8. 1 2 3 Cillad tixraac: Calaamadda <ref> waa aan ansax ahayn; wax qoraal ah laguma darin tixraacyada lagu magacaabay "Census-2022".
  9. 1 2 3 4 "World Economic Outlook Database (April 2026 Edition)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 14 April 2026. Retrieved 19 April 2026.
  10. ↑ UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (6 May 2025). Human Development Report 2025: A matter of choice: People and possibilities in the age of AI (PDF) (Report). UNDP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2025. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
  11. ↑ "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF) (in Ingiriisi). Barnaamijka Horumarinta ee Qaramada Midoobay. 6 May 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  12. ↑ "Data Source Comparison for en-ZA". www.localeplanet.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  13. ↑ "Data Source Comparison for af-ZA". www.localeplanet.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  14. ↑ "Agulhas National Park". sanparks.org. South African National Parks. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
  15. ↑ "Cape Agulhas". britannica.com. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
  16. ↑ "South African Maritime Safety Authority". South African Maritime Safety Authority. Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2008.
  17. ↑ "Coastline". The World Factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2008.
  18. ↑ "South Africa Fast Facts". SouthAfrica.info. April 2007. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2008.
  19. ↑ "Lesotho: Year In Review 1996 – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
  20. ↑ Marais, Lochner; Twala, Chitja (2020-05-07). "Bloemfontein: the rise and fall of South Africa's judicial capital". African Geographical Review. 40 (1). Informa UK Limited: 49–62. doi:10.1080/19376812.2020.1760901. ISSN 1937-6812. S2CID 218929562.
  21. ↑ "The most expensive province to buy groceries in South Africa" (in Ingiriis Maraykan). Retrieved 2026-05-29.
  22. ↑ "The first migrations out of Africa". The Australian Museum (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2026-05-29.
  23. 1 2 Gunnink, Hilde; Sands, Bonny; Pakendorf, Brigitte (2017). "Prehistoric Bantu-Khoisan language contact". Language Dynamics and Change. 7 (1): 1. doi:10.1163/22105832-00701002. hdl:1854/LU-8519242. ISSN 2210-5824.
  24. ↑ Cooper, Andrew F; Antkiewicz, Agata; Shaw, Timothy M (10 December 2007). "Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?". International Studies Review. 9 (4): 675, 687. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x. ISSN 1468-2486.
  25. ↑ Lynch, David A. (2010). Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-7425-6689-7. Archived from the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013. Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is currently the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid, when it was ostracised from the rest of the world.
  26. ↑ "South Africa". World Bank. Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  27. ↑ Waugh, David (2000). "Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)". Geography: An Integrated Approach. Nelson Thornes. pp. 563, 576–579, 633, 640. ISBN 978-0-17-444706-1. Archived from the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  28. ↑ "World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  29. ↑ "Rainbow Nation – dream or reality?". BBC News. 18 July 2008. Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  30. ↑ Lieberman, Evan (2022). Until We Have Won Our Liberty (in Ingiriisi). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-20300-3. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  31. ↑ "Unemployment, total (% of labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) – South Africa". World Bank. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  32. ↑ "Statistics South Africa on official unemployment rate in third quarter of 2024". South African Government. 12 November 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
  33. ↑ "Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) – South Africa". World Bank. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  34. ↑ ""World Bank": South Africa" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  35. ↑ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 2024-04-04.
  36. ↑ Francis, David; Webster, Edward (2019-11-02). "Poverty and inequality in South Africa: critical reflections". Development Southern Africa (in Ingiriisi). 36 (6): 788–802. doi:10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703. ISSN 0376-835X. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  37. ↑ "The text". www.concourt.org.za. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  38. ↑ Luqadda Dhaqdhaqaaqa Gacanta ee Koonfur Afrika iyaduna waa luqad rasmi ah
  39. ↑ Livermon, Xavier (2008). "Sounds in the City". In Nuttall, Sarah; Mbembé, Achille (eds.). Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 283. ISBN 978-0-8223-8121-1. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2016. Mzansi is another black urban vernacular term popular with the youth and standing for South Africa.
  40. ↑ "Mzansi DiToloki". Deaf Federation of South Africa. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2014. uMzantsi in Xhosa means 'south', Mzansi means this country, South Africa
  41. ↑ Taylor, Darren. "South African Party Says Call Their Country 'Azania'". VOA (in Ingiriisi). Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  1. ↑ Pretoria waxay u adeegtaa inay tahay caasimadda fulinta ee Koonfur Afrika, iyadoo martigelisa Dhismayaasha Midowga iyo xafiisyada Madaxweynaha iyo Golaha Wasiirada.[2]
  2. ↑ Cape Town waa caasimadda xeer-dejinta, oo hoy u ah Baarlamaanka Koonfur Afrika, oo ay ku jiraan Golaha Qaranka iyo Golaha Gobollada ee Qaranka.[2]
  3. ↑ Bloemfontein waxay u adeegtaa inay tahay caasimadda garsoorka, iyadoo martigelisa Maxkamadda Sare ee Racfaanka, Maxkamadda ugu sarreysa ee arrimaha aan dastuuriga ahayn ee Koonfur Afrika.[2]
  4. ↑ Cape Agulhas waa barta juqraafi ahaan ugu koonfureed ee qaaradda Afrika, taasoo calaamadinaysa darafka koonfureed ee Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Afrika.[14][15]
Cillad tixraac: Calaamadaha <ref> ayaa jira koox la magacaabay "lower-alpha", laakiin lama helin calaamadda u dhiganta. <references group="lower-alpha"/>.
Waxaa laga keenay "https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koonfur_Afrika&oldid=300574"