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Reer-Darawiish

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(Waxaa laga soo toosiyay Reer daraawiish)
Abtirsiga reer-Darawiish

Si'iid Harti ama Reer Khatumo ama Dhulbahante ama reer Darawiish waa qabiil Soomaaliyeed oo ku xeeran SSC-Khatumo state, iyo ka mid ah Harti ee beelwaynta Daarood[1][2][3]. Reer-Darawiish wuxuu degaa saddexda gobol ee u dhexeya Puntland iyo Somaliland Sool , Sanaag , iyo Cayn.[4] Dalka Soomaaliya waxay ka degaan jubooyinka, gaar ahaan magaalada Kismaayo.[5][6] Dalka Itoobiya waxay ka degaan Soonaha Doolow gaar ahaan xaafadaha Bookh, Danot iyo Wardheer.[7] Farcanka beesha reer darawiish wuxuu kuu aasan yahay Badwein.[8]

Beeshu waxay caan ku tahay boqortooyada Diiriye Guure iyo halgankii uu la galey Boqortooyadii Ingriiska iyo dowrkii taariikhiga ahaa ay ka qaadatay taageerida Dhaqdhaqaaqa Darawiishta oo dagaal dhiig badan ku daatay ay la galeen quwadihii gumaysiga 1899 ilaa 1920.[9] Dhaxalkaas awgood, ayaa magaca Daraawiish wuxuu ku dhowaaday in oo la mid noqdo magaca qabiilkan.[10]

Qoraal kooban

Magaca beesha Reer-Darawiish oo dhameestiran waa Saciid Saalax Cabdi Maxamed Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil al-Jabarti . Dhulka aasaasiga beesha ayaa ah gobolka Haud iyo Dooxada Nugaal, [11] qaybaha qabiillada ee kala dega goboladaas ayaa la isugu yeeraa Reer Hawd iyo Reer Nugaal. Xilligan, beeshu waxay leedahay 13 Garaad (ugaasyada beesha). [12]Garaadka ugu sareeya ee madaxdhaqameedka ayaa ah Garaad Jaamac Garaad Cali oo ka dhaxlay adeerkiis Garaad Cabdiqani Garaad Jaamac.[13][14] Adeegsiga ciwaanka Garaad (ayaa aad ugu baahsan Dhulbahante),[15] waxaa markii ugu horaysay daah furay awowgii weynaa ee Garaad Shirshore oo horey ugaas ahaan ugu soo shaqeeyay.[16]

Siyaasada

Sannadkii 1998, waxay beelaha kale ee Harti la aasaaseen Dawlad goboleedka Puntland sababo qaraabo wadaag awgood.[17][18][19] Si ku saleysan isir ahaan, xiriirka qabaailada Puntland iyo midnimada soomaaliyeed, ayaa codbixiyaasha Sanaag iyo gaar ahaan reer Sool waxay go’aansadeen inay aad uga yaraayeen aftidii madaxbanaanida iyo dastuurka Somaliland ee 2001.[17][20][21] In kasta oo beesha Reer-Darawiish ay ku kala jabtay khilaafkii 2007, iyada oo qaarna la safteen Somaliland iyo ciidamadeeda ee agagaarka Laascaanood , Baaqii Boocame ee 2007 ayaa dhammaan salaadiinta beelaha Reer-Darawiish diiday Ajendaha goosashada Somaliland ayna dalbadeen in laga saaro maleeshiyooyinkeeda dhulka dhaqanka u ah beesha. [22][23]

Qabsashadii Laascaanood ka dib 2007, waxaa soo ifbaxay dhaqdhaqaaq midow oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in Somaliland laga saaro dhulalka Reer-Darawiish. Dhaqdhaqaaqa loogu magac daray Maamulka Midnimada iyo Badbaadinta ee Gobollada SSC ee Soomaaliya ( Hogaanka Badbaadada iyo midaynta SSC (HBM-SSC )) waxaa hormood ka ahaa Saleebaan Ciise Ahxmed waxaana la aasaasey 2009.[24] Madax dhaqameedyada ugu muhiimsan ee taageeray Dhaqdhaqaaqa SSC waxaa ka mid ahaa Garaad Jaamac Garaad Cali, Garaad Jaamac Garaad Ismaaciil, iyo Garaad Cali Buraale Xasan[25]

Meelaha ee ku badantahay beesha

Beesha Reer-Darawiish waxay degtaa Taleex , waxay ku badantahay Xuddun iyo degmooyinka Laascaanood .[26] Xog ururin laga sameeyay degmada Laascaanood 2011 jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa loo aqoonsaday Reer-Darawiish 92.5% halka 2.5%, 1.5% iyo 1.3% loo aqoonsaday Hawiye , Bantu iyo Isaaq siday u kala horreeyaan.[27] Gobolka Sanaag beeshu waxay ka degtaa degmada Ceerigaabo ayada iyo beesha Habar Yoonis,[28] sidoo kale Togdheer, beeshaan ayaa ku badan Buuhoodle.[29] Degmada Buuhoodle waxaa laga dhigay gobol ka mid ah maamul goboleedka Puntland magaceedana waxaa loo beddelay Cayn sanadkii 2004.[30] . Sidoo kale ganacsatada Reer-Darawiish waxee degaan Jubaland, magaalada Kismaayo iyo hareeraheeda.[5][6]

Dalka Itoobiya , beesha Reer-Darawiish waxay Gobolka Soomaali galbeed ka degaan aagga Doollow , gaar ahaan xaafadaha Bookh, Danot iyo Wardheer . Dalka Kenya gaar ahaan Gobolka Waqooyi Bari waxaa ku nool beel ku abtirsata Reer-Darawiish.[31]

Reer-Darawiish wuxuu si gaar ah u degay magaalooyinka waqooyiga Soomaaliya ee Laascaanood iyo Buuhoodle .[32] Waxaa intaa dheer inay si fiican uga muuqdaan magaalooyinka Ceerigaabo iyo Garoowe .

Tirada beelaha reer darawiish

Tirada beelaha reer darawiish waxaa ah[33]:

gaashaanbuur jiffo tirada
Ararsame Reer Hagar, Wacays Adan 100,000
Bah Ali Gheri Cigaal Naleeye, Farax Adan, Arale Mahad, Odala 120,000
Baharsame 20,000
Barkad n/a 60,000
Jama Siyaad n/a 80,000
Naleeye Ahmed n/a 120,000
Galool Oriye Nur Axmed, Wacays Abdullah, Omar Wacays 120,000
Ugaasyo Xassan Ugaas, Xamud Ugaas, Hussein Ugaas 150,000
Reer Aymeed Ebirar, Mohamed Muse 60,000
Reer Oodeed Ahmed Siciid, Abokor 30,000
Qayaad n/a 70,000
Hayaag n/a 60,000
Khalid n/a 50,000
Yaxye n/a 40,000
Reer Xadeed Hinjiile, Higis, Yonis, Barre 30,000
Cigaal Naleeye n/a 20,000
Odala Samakab n/a 20,000
Arale Mahad n/a 20,000
Farah Adan Axmed n/a 20,000
Helaawe Ali Gheri n/a 20,000
Helaan Ali Gheri n/a 20,000

Geedka qabiilka

  • Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil al-Jabarti (Daarood)
    • Maxamed Cabdiraxmaan (Kabaalalaah)
      • Cbdi Maxamed (Kombe)
        • Saalax Cabdi (Harti)
          • Saciid Cabdi (Reer-Darawiish)
            • Axmed Saciid (Turyar)
            • Yoonis Saciid
            • Maxamed Saciid
            • Xusseen Saciid (Hayaag)
            • Muuse Saciid
              • Barre Muse
              • Cussman Muse (Ebirrar)
              • Maxamed Muse
              • Abokor Muse
              • Cabdale Muse
                • Yaxye Cabdale
                • Adan Cabdale (Hinjile)
                • Habarwa Cabdale
                  • Khalid Habarwa
                  • Shirshore Habarwa
                    • Hamud 'Ugaas' Shirshore
                    • Xusseen 'Ugaas' Shirshore
                    • Maxamuud 'Ugaas' Shirshore
                    • Xassan 'Ugaas' Shirshore
                      • Cali Xassan
                      • Faarax Xassan
                      • Samakab Xassan
                      • Khayre Xassan
                      • Saalex Xassan
                      • Samatar Xassan
                      • Geedi Xassan
                      • Haaruun Xassan
            • Cabdi 'Garad' Shirshore (Qayaad)
              • Cumar Cabdi
              • Khayr Cabdi
                • Ibrahim Khayre
                • Cali Khayre
                • Cusmaan Khayre
                • Waceys Khayre
            • Maxamuud 'Garad' Shirshore
              • Waceys Maxamuud (Cumar Waceys)
              • Saciid Maxauud
                • Jamac Saciid
                  • Samakab Jamac
                  • Axmed Jamac
                  • Maxamuud Jamac
                  • Warfa Jamac
                • Maxamed Saciid (Ugadhyahan)
                  • Aadan Maxamed
                  • Maxamuud Maxamed
                  • Samakab Maxamed
                    • Cabdulle Samakab
                      • Waceys Cabdulle
                      • Abokor Cabdulle
                      • Axmed Cabdulle
                        • Shirwa Axmed
                        • Cusmaan Axmed
                        • Nur Axmed
                          • Seed Nur
                          • Samatar Nur
                          • Yusuf Nur
                          • Musa Nur
                          • Samakab Nur (Bihina Cali)
                          • Ismail Nur (Bihina Cali)
                          • Hersi Nur
                          • Mohamed Nur
                          • Cali Nur
                        • Naleya Axmed
                          • Adan Naleya
                          • Cabdulle Naleya
                          • Samaad Naleya
                          • Shirwa Naleya (Bah ina Farax)
                          • Liban Naleya (Bah ina Farax)
                          • Yusuf Naleya (Bah ina Farax)
                          • Cilmi Naleya
                          • Jibril Naleya
                          • Cali Naleya
                            • Farax Cali (Bah Rikhaaye)
                            • Maxamed Cali (Bah Rikhaaye)
                            • Samatar Cali (Bah Rikhaaye)
                            • Igal Cali (Bah ina Araale)
                            • Abdi Cali (Bah ina Araale)
                            • Fahiye Cali (Bah ina Araale)
                            • Axmed Cali (Bah ina Araale)
                            • Xuseen Cali (Bah Ina Samatar)
                            • Yacquub Cali (Bah Ina Samatar)
                            • Yusuf Cali (Bah Abdulle)
                            • Cilmi Cali (Bah Abdulle)
                            • Cumar Cali (Bah Idris)
                            • Maxamuud Cali (Bah Idris)
                            • Waceys Cali (Bah Idris)
            • Faarax 'Garaad' Shirshore
              • Yasin 'Garad' Farax
              • Cabdulleh Garad Farax
                • Cali 'Garad' Cabdulle
                • Maxamed 'Garad' Cabdulle (Bah'ararsame)
                  • Maxamuud 'Garad' Maxamed (Jabane)
                    • Maxamed Maxamuud
                    • Warsame Maxamuud
                    • Liban Maxamuud
                    • Sharmarke Maxamuud
                • Guleed 'Garaad' Cabdulle (Barkad)
                  • Cli Gulled
                  • Amir Gulled
                  • Maxamuud Gulled
                • Bah Ali Gheri
                  • Samakab Axmed (Odala)
                  • Egal Axmed
                  • Warfa Axmed
                  • Hassan Axmed
                  • Naleye Ahmed (Egal Naleya)
                  • Cali'Geri Axmed
                    • Ismaciil Cali’Geri
                    • Hersi Ali’Geri
                    • Shawe Ali’Geri
                    • Burale Ali’Geri
                    • Gulled Ali’Geri
                    • Subaan Ali’Geri
                  • Adan Axmed
                    • Farax Adan
                    • Mahad Adan
                • Ararsame
                    • Waceys Adan
                    • Hagar Adan
                      • Gedi Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
                      • Addaad Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
                      • Warsame Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
                      • Cilmi Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
                      • Amir Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
                      • Gulled Hagar (Bah Ogaden)
                      • Ayaar Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
                      • Fatah Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
                      • Adan Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
                      • Adan Hagar (Bah Warsengali)
                      • Farax Hagar (Bah Warsengali)

Tixraac

  1. ↑ . Minority Rights Group International https://minorityrights.org/country/somalia/. Soo qaatay 18 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  2. ↑ Lewis, Ioan M (1999). James Currey Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 9780852552803 https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=i+m+lewis+daarood+1,000,000#v=onepage. Soo qaatay 18 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  3. ↑ Lewis, Ioan M (July 1959). Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 29 (3): 274–293. JSTOR 1157617. doi:10.2307/1157617 https://www.scribd.com/document/127191815/Clanship-and-Contract-in-Northern-Somaliland-by-I-M-lewis. Soo qaatay 18 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  4. ↑ Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). Rift Valley Institute. p. 57.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bradbury, M. (PDF). Oxfam Library https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/122751/bk-somali-conflict-part4-010194-en.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y. Soo qaatay 21 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Elder, Claire; Yusuf, Zakaria (2013-05-21). International Crisis Group https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/somalia/jubaland-jeopardy-uneasy-path-state-building-somalia. Soo qaatay 21 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  7. ↑ Bryden, Matt. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME http://www.africa.upenn.edu/eue_web/Haud_gen.htm. Soo qaatay 17 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  8. ↑ https://www.faoswalim.org/resources/Land/General_Survey_Somaliland_Protectorate_1944-1950.pdf
  9. ↑ De Vries, Lotje; Englebert, Pierre; Schomerus, Schomerus (21 September 2018). Springer. p. 96.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  10. ↑ Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). (PDF). Rift Valley Institute. pp. 78–79 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Between%20Somaliland%20and%20Puntland%20by%20Markus%20Hoehne%20-%20RVI%20Contested%20Borderlands%20%282015%29%20%281%29.pdf.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  11. ↑ Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). (PDF). Rift Valley Institute. p. 38 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Between%20Somaliland%20and%20Puntland%20by%20Markus%20Hoehne%20-%20RVI%20Contested%20Borderlands%20%282015%29%20%281%29.pdf.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  12. ↑ . 2007-11-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20111219090824/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Features_34/Somalia_The_Bo_ame_Declaration_of_Dhulbahante_Clan_Elders.shtml. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 2011-12-19. Soo qaatay 2010-11-24.  Barameter aan la aqoon |url-status= ignored (caawin); Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  13. ↑ Connaughton, Stacey L.; Berns, Jessica (2019). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 84. ISBN 9781538114117 https://books.google.com/books?id=46elDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84&dq=Garaad+Abdulqani+Garaad+Jama,#v=onepage. Soo qaatay 20 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  14. ↑ Ingiriis, Mohamed H. (2016). UPA. p. 238. ISBN 9780761867203 https://books.google.com/books?id=Vzi6CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA361&lpg=PA361&dq=Garaad+Abdulqani+Garaad+Jama,#v=onepage. Soo qaatay 20 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  15. ↑ Buur, L; Kyed, K (2007). Springer. p. 176. ISBN 9780230609716 https://books.google.com/books?id=vMeHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA176&lpg=PA176&dq=dhulbahante+i+m+lewis#v=onepage. Soo qaatay 21 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  16. ↑ Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). (PDF). p. 83 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Between%20Somaliland%20and%20Puntland%20by%20Markus%20Hoehne%20-%20RVI%20Contested%20Borderlands%20%282015%29%20%281%29.pdf. Soo qaatay 20 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lund, Christian; Eilenberg, Michael (2017-05-04). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781119384809 https://books.google.com/books?id=pDLNDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT301&dq=dhulbahante+sool.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  18. ↑ Höhne, Markus V. Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology (PDF): 16 https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0082.pdf.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  19. ↑ Mesfin, Berouk (September 2009). Institute for Security Studies (PDF): 10 https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/111689/P200.pdf.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  20. ↑ Höhne, Markus V. Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology (PDF): 16 https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0082.pdf.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  21. ↑ Mesfin, Berouk (September 2009). Institute for Security Studies (PDF): 10 https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/111689/P200.pdf.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  22. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  23. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named jstor.org
  24. ↑ Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). (PDF). pp. 81–2 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Between%20Somaliland%20and%20Puntland%20by%20Markus%20Hoehne%20-%20RVI%20Contested%20Borderlands%20%282015%29%20%281%29.pdf. Soo qaatay 20 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  25. ↑ Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). Rift Valley Institute. p. 83 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277325164. Soo qaatay 21 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  26. ↑ "Nuqul Archive" (PDF). Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original (PDF) 2016-06-15. Soo qaatay 2020-09-01.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)
  27. ↑ Somali Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention (2011). : 15–16 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313854057. Soo qaatay 20 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  28. ↑ Gebrewold, Belachew (2013-03-28). Ashgate Publishing Ltd. p. 130. ISBN 9781409499213 https://books.google.com/books?id=VLPW6RBUshQC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=sanaag+region+clans#v=onepage. Soo qaatay 14 November 2017.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  29. ↑ Hoehne, Markus V. p. 113. ISBN 9781847010186 https://books.google.com/books?id=fZiSxrTGHMkC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=buuhoodle+district#v=onepage. Soo qaatay 14 November 2017.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  30. ↑ Feyissa, Dereje; Hoehne, Markus V. (2010). Boydell & Brewer. p. 113. ISBN 9781847010186 https://books.google.com/books?id=fZiSxrTGHMkC&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=buuhoodle+district+dhulbahante#v=onepage.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  31. ↑ Raeymaekers, Timothy (27 Aug 2013). Springer. p. 69. ISBN 9781137333995 https://books.google.com/books?id=oYCYAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=dhulbahante+in+kenya#v=onepage. Soo qaatay 20 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  32. ↑ Hoehne, Markus Virgil. Diaspeace (PDF): 42 https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/36879/1/DIASPEACE_WP5.pdf. Soo qaatay 20 September 2019.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  33. ↑ Xogta haggaanka Khaatumo 2022
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