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Wadamada Afrika

Ka Wikipedia
(Waxaa laga soo toosiyay Wadanada Afrika)

Wadamada afrika inta la ictiraaf san yahay ee Xoriyada haysta waa 55 wadan Kariirada siyaasadeed ee Afrika Afrika waa qaarada labaad ee ugu weyn qaaradaha aduunka kadib qaarada Aasiya dhanka baaxada iyo dhanka dadkaba. Baaxada Afrika waxay la'egtahay c. 30,244,050 km² (11,677,240 mi²)[2] tiradaas waxaa ku jira dhamaan jasiiradaha lagu xisaabo Afrika. Afrika baaxadeeda waxay dabooshaa 20.3% baaxada dhulka oo dhan. Sida lagu xusay tirokoob caalami ah oo la sameeyay sanadkii 2013ka waxaa ku nool qaarada Afrika dad tiradooda ay dhantahay 1.1 bilyan taasi oo ah tiro u dhiganta todobo qeyboodoo qayb dadka dunida ku noolo maanta. Madaxbanaanidda wadamada Afrika waxaa bud-dhig uu ah Diiriye Guure.


Qaarada Afrika waxaa ku hareersan biyo; Bada Mediterraniyanka waxay ka xigta waqooyi, sidoo kale Gacanka Suweys iyo Bada Cas waxay ka xigaan waqooyibari, Badweynta Hindiya ayaa kaga taala koonfurbari, iyo Badweynta Atlantika oo ka xigta galbeed. Intaas waxaa dheer, wadanka jasiirada Madagaskar iyo gasiirado kale ayaa soo hoosgala qaarada. Sida rasmiga ah waxaa qaarada Afrika degan 54 wadan oo la aqoonsan yahay, sagaal deegaan iyo labo wadan oo wali la aqoonsan.[3]

Xaga bulshada, qaarada Afrika waxaa ku dhaqan dadka ugu da'da yar caalamka marka tirada guud laga hadlayo; 50% dadka Afrikaanka ahi waa da'da ka yar 19 sano.[4] Juquraafi ahaan, wadanka Aljeeriya ayaa ugu wayn dhulka iyo baaxada, halka Nayjeeriya ugu dad badan tahay; waxaana guud ahaan caalamka la isku raacay in badhtamaha iyo Bariga Afrika yihiin meesha aadamuhu ka soo beermeer markii ugu horeeysay. Waxaa deegaanadan laga helay lafo aad u da' weyn oo muujinaya horaantii dadka. Tusaale ahaan, wadanka Itoobiya waxaa laga helay lafaha ugu da'da weyn inta la ogyahay midaasi oo jirta 200,000 kun sano.[5] Guud ahaan qaarada Afrika waxaa dhex mara dhulbadhaha, waxayna leedahay noocyo badan oo cimilo kala gedisan ah. Waana qaarada keli ah ee laga helo astaamaha cimilada waqooyi ilaa koonfurta dhulka.[6]

Afrika dadka kunool dhamaan waa dadka madow marka laga reebo wadamada Waqooyiga Afrika oo ay ku nool yihiin dad Carab ahi iyo wadamada sida Koonfur Afrika iyo Simbaabwi iyo Nambiya oo laga helo dad tiro yar oo cadaan ay ka tageen gumeystihii reer Yurub.waxaa laga yabaa inay ahaaan jireen dad dad cun ah oo laga helo dhulalka galbeedka afrika oo loo yaqaan sida itoobiya iyo wixii xagaa ka xiga somaliland waxa ay ku jortaa wadamada aan la aqoonsanayn ee aan wali la ictiraafin waxaana u diiday somalia oo ku xaasidaysa laakiin wadanka ugu nabada badan aduunka

Dalalka madaxa banaan

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Waa dalal xur sh |- | style="background:#FFEFD5; border:1px solid #aaa; width:2em;" | * | = ef group="n">Morocco withdrew its membership from the preceding Organization of African Unity in 1984 due to the OAU's recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as the government of Western Sahara. Morocco remains withdrawn from the African Union for the same reason.</ref> |}

* = Xubinimada la hakiyay[n 1]
Calan Khariirad Magaca dalka oo gaaban ingiriisna ah
[1][2][3]
Magaca rasmiga ah[1][4] Magaalo Madax
[3][5][6]
Tirada Dadka
[7]
Baaxad
[8]
Flag of Algeria
AljeeriyaJamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Dadweynaha ee Aljeeriya Carabi: الجزائر — الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية Aljeer

Arabic: الجزائر (al-Jazā’er)
33,333,267 2,381,740 km2 (919,595 sq mi)
AngolaJamhuuriyadda Angola Bortuqiis: Angola — República de Angola Luanda

Portuguese: Luanda
16,941,000 1,246,700 km2 (481,354 sq mi)
BeninJamhuuriyadda Benin Faransiis: Bénin — République du Bénin Porto-Novo

French: Porto-Novo
8,439,000 112,622 km2 (43,484 sq mi)
BotswanaJamhuuriyadda Botswana Ingiriisi: Botswana — Republic of Botswana

Tswana: Botswana — Lefatshe la Botswana
Gaborone

English: Gaborone

Tswana: Gaborone
1,839,833 581,726 km2 (224,606 sq mi)
Burkina Faso Faransiis: Burkina Faso Wagaduugu

French: Ouagadougou
13,228,000 274,000 km2 (105,792 sq mi)
BurundiJamhuuriyadda Burundi Kirundi: Burundi — Republika y'u Burundi

Faransiis: Burundi — République du Burundi
Bujumbura

Kirundi: Bujumbura

French: Bujumbura
7,548,000 27,830 km2 (10,745 sq mi)
KamiruunJamhuuriyadda Kamiruun Ingiriisi: Cameroon — Republic of Cameroon

Faransiis: Cameroun — République du Cameroun
Yaoundé

English: Yaoundé

French: Yaoundé
17,795,000 475,442 km2 (183,569 sq mi)
Kab FerdeJamhuuriyadda Kab Ferde Bortuqis: Cabo Verde — República de Cabo Verde Praia

Portuguese: Praia
420,979 4,033 km2 (1,557 sq mi)
Jamhuuriyadda Bartamaha Afrikada Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka

Faransiis: République centrafricaine
Bangui

French: Bangui
4,216,666 622,984 km2 (240,535 sq mi)
JaadJamhuuriyadda Jaad Carabi: تشاد — جمهورية تشاد

Faransiis: Tchad — République du Tchad
Nijamiina

Arabic: نجامينا (Nijāmīnā)

French: Ndjamena
10,146,000 1,284,000 km2 (495,755 sq mi)
KomorosJamhuuriyadda Midawga Komoros Carabi: جزر القمر — جمهورية القمر المتحدة

Comorian: Komori — Udzima wa Komori

Faransiis: Comores — Union des Comores
Moroni

Arabic: موروني (Mūrūnī)

French: Moroni
798,000 2,235 km2 (863 sq mi)
Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqaraadiga Kongo Faransiis: République démocratique du Congo Kinshasa

French: Léopoldville
75,507,308 2,344,858 km2 (905,355 sq mi)
Jamhuuriyadda Kongo Faransiis: République du Congo Brazzaville

French: Brazzaville
4,012,809 342,000 km2 (132,047 sq mi)
JabuutiJamhuuriyadda Jabuuti Carabi: جيبوتي — جمهورية جيبوتي

Faransiis: Djibouti — République de Djibouti
Jabuuti

Arabic: مدينة جيبوتي (Jibūti Madīna)

French: Ville de Djibouti
906,000 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi)
MasarJamhuuriyadda Masar ee Carabta Carabi: مصر — جمهورية مصر العربية Qaahiro

Arabic: القاهرة (al-Qāhirah)
90,850,000 1,001,449 km2 (386,662 sq mi)
Ikweeti Giiniya

Jamhuuriyadda Ikweetiga Giiniya
Faransiis: Guinée équatoriale — République de Guinée équatoriale

Bortuqiis: Guiné Equatorial — República da Guiné Equatorial

Isbaanish: Guinea Ecuatorial — República de Guinea Ecuatorial
Malabo[n 2]

French: Malabo

Portuguese: Malabo

Spanish: Malabo
504,000 28,051 km2 (10,831 sq mi)
Ereteriya
Dawlada Ereteriya
Carabi: إرتريا — دولة إرتريا

Ingiriisi: Eritrea — State of Eritrea

Tigrinya: ኤርትራ — ሃገረ ኤርትራ (ʾErtra — Hagere ʾErtra)
Asmara

Arabic: أسمرة (ʾAsmara)

Tigrinya: ኣስመራ(Asmera)
5,880,000 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi)
Itoobiya

Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Federaalka Itoobiya
Amxaari: Iትዮጵያ — የIትዮጵያ ፈደራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (Ītyōṗṗyā — Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralāwī Dēmōkrāsīyāwī Rīpeblīk) Addis Ababa

Amharic: አዲስ አበባ (Addis Abäba)
99,465,819 1,104,300 km2 (426,373 sq mi)
Gaboon
Jamhuuriyadda Gaboon
Faransiis: Gabon — République gabonaise Librefiil

French: Libreville
1,384,000 267,668 km2 (103,347 sq mi)
Gambiya
Jamhuuriyadda Gambiya
Ingiriisi: Gambia — Republic of the Gambia Banjul

English: Banjul
1,517,000 10,380 km2 (4,008 sq mi)
Gaana
Jamhuuriyadda Gaana
Ingiriisi: Ghana — Republic of Ghana Akara

English: Accra
23,000,000 238,534 km2 (92,098 sq mi)
Giiniya

Jamhuuriyadda Giiniya
Faransiis: Guinée — République de Guinée Conakry

French: Conakry
10,057,975 245,857 km2 (94,926 sq mi)
Giiniya-Bissaw

Jamhuuriyadda Giiniya-Bissaw
Bortuqiis: Guiné-Bissau — República da Guiné-Bissau Bissaw

Portuguese: Bissau
1,586,000 36,125 km2 (13,948 sq mi)
Xeebta Foolmaroodi

Jamhuuriyadda Xeebta Foolmaroodi
Faransiis: Côte d'Ivoire — République de Côte d'Ivoire Yamoussoukro

French: Yamoussoukro
17,654,843 322,460 km2 (124,503 sq mi)
Kenya
Jamhuuriyadda Kenya
Ingiriisi: Kenya — Republic of Kenya

Sawaaxili: Kenya — Jamhuri ya Kenya
Nayroobi

English: Nairobi

Swahili: Nairobi
34,707,817 580,367 km2 (224,081 sq mi)
Lesoto

Boqortooyada Lesoto
Ingiriisi: Lesotho — Kingdom of Lesotho

Soto: Lesotho — Muso oa Lesotho
Maseru

English: Maseru

Sotho: Maseru
2,067,000 30,355 km2 (11,720 sq mi)
Laybeeriya
Jambuuriyadda Laybeeriya
Ingiriisi: Liberia — Republic of Liberia Monrovia

English: Monrovia
4,128,572 111,369 km2 (43,000 sq mi)
Libiya
Dawlada Libiya
Carabi: ليبيا (Lībiyā)

Berber: ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ (Libya)
Tripoli

Arabic: طرابلس (Ṭarābulus)

Berber: ⵟⵔⴰⴱⵍⴻⵙ (Ṭrables)
6,036,914 1,759,540 km2 (679,362 sq mi)
Madagaskar
Jamhuuriyadda Madagaskar
Faransiis: Madagascar — République de Madagascar

Malagasi:
Repoblikan'i Madagasikara
Antananarivo

French: Antananarivo

Malagasy: Antananarivo
18,606,000 587,041 km2 (226,658 sq mi)
Malaawi

Jamhuuriyadda Malaawi
Shewa: Malaŵi — Dziko la Malaŵi

Ingiriisi: Malawi — Republic of Malawi
Lilongwe

Chichewa: Lilongwe

English: Lilongwe
12,884,000 118,484 km2 (45,747 sq mi)
Maali

Jamhuuridda Maali
Faransiis: Mali — République du Mali Bamako

French: Bamako
13,518,000 1,240,192 km2 (478,841 sq mi)
Muritaaniya

Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Muritaaniya
Carabi: موريتانيا — الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية Nouakchott

Arabic: نواكشوط (Nuwākshūṭ)
3,069,000 1,030,700 km2 (397,955 sq mi)
Murishas

Jamhuuriyadda Murishas
Ingiriisi: Mauritius — Republic of Mauritius

Faransiis: Maurice — République de Maurice

Mauritian Creole Moris — Republik Moris
Port Louis

English: Port Louis

French: Port-Louis

Mauritian Creole: Port Louis
1,219,220 2,040 km2 (788 sq mi)
Marooko

Boqortooyada Marooko
Carabi : المغرب — المملكة المغربية

Berber: ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵖⵔⵉⴱ (Tageldit n-Elmaġrib)
Rabat

Arabic: الرباط (ar-Ribaaṭ)

Berber: ⴰⵕⴱⴰⵟ (Aṛbaṭ)
35,757,175 446,550 km2 (172,414 sq mi)The area 446,550 km2 (172,410 sq mi) excludes all disputed territories, while 710,850 km2 (274,460 sq mi) includes the Moroccan-administered parts of Western Sahara (claimed as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic by the Polisario Front).
Musanbiig

Jamhuuriyadda Musanbiig
Bortuqiis: Moçambique — República de Moçambique Maputo

Portuguese: Maputo
20,366,795 801,590 km2 (309,496 sq mi)
Namibiya

Jamhuuriyadda Namibiya
Ingiriisi: Namibia — Republic of Namibia Windhoek

English: Windhoek
2,031,000 825,418 km2 (318,696 sq mi)
Nayjer

Jamhuuriyadda Niijer
Faransiis: Niger — République du Niger Niamey

French: Niamey
13,957,000 1,267,000 km2 (489,191 sq mi)
Nayjeeriya

Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Nayjeeriya
Ingiriisi: Nigeria — Federal Republic of Nigeria Abuja

English: Abuja
174,507,539 923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi)
Ruwaanda

Jamhuuriyadda Ruwaanda
Ingiriisi: Rwanda — Republic of Rwanda

Faransiis: Rwanda — République du Rwanda

Kinyaruwaanda Rwanda — Repubulika y'u Rwanda
Kigali

English: Kigali

French: Kigali

Kinyarwanda Kigali
7,600,000 26,798 km2 (10,347 sq mi)
Sao Tome iyo Brinsiib

Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Sao Tome iyo Brinsiib
Bortuqiis: São Tomé e Príncipe — República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe Sao Tome

Portuguese: São Tomé
183,176 964 km2 (372 sq mi)
Sinigaal

Jamhuuriyadda Sinigaal
Faransiis: Sénégal — République du Sénégal Dakar

French: Dakar
11,658,000 196,723 km2 (75,955 sq mi)
Seyshelles

Jamhuuriyadda Seyshelles
Ingiriisi: Seychelles — Republic of Seychelles

Faransiis: Seychelles — République des Seychelles

Seychellois Creole: Sesel— Repiblik Sesel
Victoria

English: Victoria

French: Victoria

Seychellois Creole: Victoria
80,654 451 km2 (174 sq mi)
Sira Liyoon

Jamhuuriyadda Sira Liyoon
Ingiriisi: Sierra Leone — Republic of Sierra Leone Freetown

English: Freetown
6,144,562 71,740 km2 (27,699 sq mi)
Soomaaliya

Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya
Carabi: الصومال — جمهورية الصومال الديموقراطية

Soomaali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya
Muqdisho

Ingiriisi: Mogadishu

Arabic: مقديشو (Maqadīshū)
75,532,017 637,657 km2 (246,201 sq mi)
Koonfur Afrika

Jamhuuriyadda Koonfurta Afrika
Afrikaans: Suid-Afrika — Republiek van Suid-Afrika
Bloemfontein (judicial),
Cape Town (legislative),
and Pretoria (executive)
52,981,991 1,221,037 km2 (471,445 sq mi)
Koonfur Suudaan

Jamhuuriyadda Koonfurta Suudaan
Ingiriisi: South Sudan — Republic of South Sudan Juba

English: Juba
8,260,490 644,329 km2 (248,777 sq mi)
Suudaan

Jamhuuriyadda Suudaan
Carabi: السودان — جمهورية السودان

Ingiriisi: Republic of the Sudan
Khartuum

Arabic: الخرطوم (al-Kharṭūm)
36,787,012 1,861,484 km2 (718,723 sq mi)
Eswatini

Boqortooyada Eswatini
Ingiriisi Swaziland — Kingdom of Swaziland

Eswasi: eSwatini — Umbuso weSwatini
Lobamba (royal and legislative)
Mbabane (administrative)

English: Lobamba, Mbabane

Swazi: Lobamba, ÉMbábáne
1,032,000 17,364 km2 (6,704 sq mi)
Tansaaniya

Midowga Jamhuuriyadda Tansaaniya
Ingiriisi: Tanzania — United Republic of Tanzania

Sawaaxili: Tanzania — Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
Dodoma

English: Dodoma

Swahili: Dodoma
44,929,002 945,203 km2 (364,945 sq mi)
Togo

Jamhuuriyadda Togo
Faransiis: Togo — République Togolaise Lomé

French: Lomé
7,154,237 56,785 km2 (21,925 sq mi)
Tuniisiya

Jamhuuriyadda Tuniisiya
Carabi: تونس — الجمهورية التونسية Tuunis

Arabic: تونس (Tūnis)
10,102,000 163,610 km2 (63,170 sq mi)
Yugaandha
Jamhuuriyadda Yugaandha
Ingiriisi: Uganda — Republic of Uganda

Sawaaxili: Uganda — Jamhuri ya Uganda
Kampala

English: Kampala

Swahili: Kampala
27,616,000 236,040 km2 (91,136 sq mi)
Saambiya

Jamhuuriyadda Saambiya
Ingiriisi: Zambia — Republic of Zambia Lusaka

English: Lusaka
14,668,000 752,614 km2 (290,586 sq mi)
Simbaabwi

Jamhuuriyadda Simbaabwi
Ingiriisi: Zimbabwe — Republic of Zimbabwe Harare

English: Harare
13,010,000 390,757 km2 (150,872 sq mi)

===Dalalka aqoonsiga aan wada haysan===d

Dhul aan madax banaanayn

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Gobolo ka daba tuura h

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Calan Kahriido MAgaca laga soo gaabiyay Xaalad[9] MAgaca aan rasmiga ahayn MAgaalo MAdax Tirada dadka Baaxad[8]
French Southern and Antarctic Lands[n 3] French overseas territory Saint-Pierre[n 4] No permanent population[10] 38.60 km2 (15 sq mi)
Flag of the United Kingdom, as used in Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha British overseas territory Jamestown 5,661 420 km2 (162 sq mi)

This list contains territories that are administered as incorporated parts of a primarily non-African state.

Calan Kahriido MAgaca laga soo gaabiyay Xaalad[9] MAgaca aan rasmiga ahayn MAgaalo MAdax Tirada dadka Baaxad[8]
Canary Islands Spanish autonomous community Spanish: Islas Canarias Santa Cruz and Las Palmas[11]

Spanish: Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
2,205,247 7,447 km2 (2,875 sq mi)
Ceuta

Autonomous City of Ceuta
Spanish autonomous city Spanish: Ceuta — Ciudad autónoma de Ceuta Ceuta

Spanish: Ceuta
76,861 28 km2 (11 sq mi)
Madeira

Autonomous Region of Madeira
Portuguese autonomous region Portuguese: Madeira — Região Autónoma da Madeira Funchal

Portuguese: Funchal
267,785 828 km2 (320 sq mi)
Mayotte

Department of Mayotte
French overseas department French: Mayotte — Département de Mayotte Mamoudzou

French: Mamoudzou
186,452 374 km2 (144 sq mi)
Melilla

Autonomous City of Melilla
Spanish autonomous city Spanish: Melilla — Ciudad autónoma de Melilla Melilla

Spanish: Melilla
72,000 20 km2 (8 sq mi)
Plazas de soberanía Spanish overseas territory Spanish: Plazas de soberanía N/A 74
Réunion

Réunion Island
French overseas region French: Réunion — Îles Réunion Saint-Denis

French: Saint-Denis
793,000 2,512 km2 (970 sq mi)
Pelagie Islands Italian territory Italian: Isole Pelagie

Sicilian: Ìsuli Pilaggî
Lampedusa e Linosa[n 5]

Italian: Lampedusa e Linosa

Sicilian: Lampidusa e Linusa
6,304 21.4 km2 (8 sq mi)


  1. Central African Republic was suspended from the African Union on 25 March 2013 due to the ongoing Central African Republic conflict.
  2. Oyala is to be the future capital of Equatorial Guinea; currently under construction.
  3. Only the Îles Éparses are considered part of the African continent. The remaining four districts lie outside the continental shelf in the Indian Ocean or Antarctica.
  4. The main station on the Îles Éparses is on Tromelin. The headquarters of the district chief, however, is Saint-Pierre, in Réunion.
  5. Geographically part of the archipelago (Lampedusa and Lampione) belongs to the African continent; politically and administratively, the islands fall within the Province of Agrigento in Sicily
  1. 1.0 1.1 "Nuqul Archive". CIA. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 7 Bisha Koobaad 2019. Soo qaatay 28 July 2011.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin); Hubi qiimaynta taariikhda: |archive-date= (caawin)
  2. (PDF). United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/9th-uncsgn-docs/UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document%20-%20August%202009.pdf. Soo qaatay 28 July 2011.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  3. 3.0 3.1 . Europa. 9 August 2011 http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-5000500.htm#fn-tw1. Soo qaatay 10 August 2011.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  4. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UN Names
  5. "Nuqul Archive". CIA. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 25 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018. Soo qaatay 3 August 2011.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin); Hubi qiimaynta taariikhda: |archive-date= (caawin)
  6. . United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. 29 July 2011 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/geonames/. Soo qaatay 3 August 2011.  Maqan ama ebar |title= (caawin)
  7. "Nuqul Archive". CIA. July 2012. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 27 Bisha Sagaalaad 2011. Soo qaatay 2 September 2012.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin); Hubi qiimaynta taariikhda: |archive-date= (caawin)
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Nuqul Archive". CIA. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 31 Bisha Koobaad 2014. Soo qaatay 7 August 2011.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin); Hubi qiimaynta taariikhda: |archive-date= (caawin)
  9. 9.0 9.1 "Nuqul Archive". CIA. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 25 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018. Soo qaatay 8 August 2011.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin); Hubi qiimaynta taariikhda: |archive-date= (caawin)
  10. "Nuqul Archive". Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 24 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2018. Soo qaatay 5 October 2014.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin); Hubi qiimaynta taariikhda: |archive-date= (caawin)
  11. "Nuqul Archive". .gobiernodecanarias.org. Waxaa laga kaydiyay the original 2011-01-20. Soo qaatay 2010-09-20.  Barameter aan la aqoon |ciwaan= ignored (caawin)

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