Dowladii Umawiyiinta
Khulafada Umawiyiinta
Boqortooyada waxaa aasaasey Mucawiya (af-carabi: ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﻮﻥ, ama ʾUmawiyyūn, sidoo kale ﺑﻨﻮ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ, Banū ʾUmayya)
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taasi oo ay saldhig u ahayd magaalada barakeysan ee Makka.[7]
Khulafadii Umawiyiinta (ingiriis: Umayyad Caliphate; carabi: ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ ama ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﻮﻥ) waa dowladii Islaamka ee maamulka kala wareegtay Afartii Khulafo taas oo uu aasaasey Khaliifkii 5aad ee ku xigay Khulafo u Raashidiinkii. Boqortooyadan waxa sameeyey asxaabiga weyn ee Mucaawiya wakhtigii ka dambeeyey dhimashaddii Nebi Muxamed (c.s.w).[8]
Ka dib maamulkii Cusmaan binu Cafaan (644–656), waxaa hogaanka dowladii Islaamka la wareegay Mucawiya binu Sufyaan oo si xoog ah ku qabsaday maamulka isla markaana ka dhigey hogaanka Islaamiyiinta mid dhaxaltooyo ah. Mucawiya wuxuu wakhti dheer masuul ka ahaa gobolada dalka Suuriya, markuu la wareegay maamulka dowladii Islaamkana wuxuu magaalo madax ka dhigtey caasimada Dimishiq.[9]
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtigii Umawiyiintu haysay hogaanka boqortooyada Islaamka waxey gaadhsiiyeen dhul aad u balaadhan iyagoo qabsadey waqooyiga Afrika, dhamaan deegaanada Bariga dhexe, meelo ka mid ah Aasiyada kore ilaa meelo badan oo koonfurta Yurub ah sida wadamadda Isbayn, Giriig iyo Jasiiradaha u dhow.[10] Markey Dawladda Umawiyiintu mareysay meeshii ugu sareeysay waxay heysatay dhul aad u balaadhan oo dhan 5.79 mayl labalaaban (15,000,000 km2), taasi oo ah boqortooyadii ugu balaadhneyd ee dunidu aragto iyo mida shanaad ee ugu weyn waligeed.
= taariikhdii umuwayiinta
=Wa
Mucaawiya (ingiriis: Muawiyah I; [carabi]]: معاوية ابن أبي سفيان, loogu dhawaaqo: Muʿāwiyah ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; 602 – April 29 or May 1, 680) waa asxaabiga dhisay boqortooyadii Umawiyiinta[11] ee ku xigtey maamulkii Khulafada ee Dawladda Islaamka.[12] Sidoo kale, wuxuu ahaa ninkii labaad ee khaliif noqda kaas oo ka soo jeeda qabiilka Umawiyiinta.[13]
Wakhtigii uu noolaa Nebi Muxamed (n.n.k.h) Mucaawiya wuxuu xoghaye[14] u ahaa nebiga, taas oo xataa markuu dhintey uu jagadaasi u sii hayay khulafadii la wareegtay hogaanka dowladii Islaamka sida Abu Bakar iyo Cumar (Cumar bin Khataab).[15] Intaas waxaa dheer, Mucaawiya wuxuu ka qayb galay dagaalo badan iyo qaswado xoog leh, waxaana tusaale fiican inoo ah dagaalkii lagu furtey Suuriya ee lagaga guuleystay boqortooyadii Baaysantiin, deegaankaasi oo markii dambe lagu wareejiyay hogaanka Mucaawiya.[16]
= Taariikhda =waxay ahyd mid ka mid ah khulafadi islaamka waliba tii 5 waxayna ahyd mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu awooda badan Dawladihi Islamka. Dawladan umayiinta waxa Aas aasey Mucawiya Binu Abi Sufiyan wana khalifadi 2 eeka so jeeda Qabiilka Umayda waxa ka horaysey Dawladi Cusman oo ahyd khalifadi 3 ee Islamka Dawladan waxa Loo asaasey Khilaf soo kala Dhex Galay Dawladi Cali binu Abi Dalib iyo Qabiilka Umayda Oo rabay in la so qabto Qofki dilay Cusman . Fadlan hadaad hayso xog dheerad ah Nagu caawi
Maamulkii Umawiyiinta[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Xigasho[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
- ↑ The Peoples, Sekene Mody Cissoko, History of Humanity:From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, Vol. IV, ed. M.A. Al-Bakhit, L. Bazin and S.M. Cissoko, (UNESCO, 2008), 1190.[1]
- ↑ Jonathan Miran, Red Sea Citizens: Cosmopolitan Society and Cultural Change in Massawa, (Indiana University Press, 2009), 100.[2]
- ↑ Khalid Yahya Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads, (SUNY Press, 1994), 286.[3]
- ↑ Khalid Yahya Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads, 147.[4]
- ↑ Stefan Goodwin, Africas Legacies Of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent, (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), 85.[5]
- ↑ Islam in Somali History:Fact and Fiction, Mohamed Haji Muktar, The Invention of Somalia, ed. Ali Jimale Ahmed, (The Red Sea Press, Inc., 1995), 3.[6]
- ↑ "labaad ee maamuladii afarta khulafo Islaamka ee la sameeyay dhimashaddii Nebi Muxamed (c.s.w)"
- ↑ "(ingiriis: Umayyad Caliphate; carabi: ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ ama ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﻮﻥ)"
- ↑ "Mucawiya wuxuu wakhti dheer masuul ka ahaa gobolada dalka Suuriya"
- ↑ "Aasiyada kore ilaa meelo badan oo koonfurta Yurub ah sida wadanada Isbayn, Giriig"
- ↑ . Books.google.ca http://books.google.ca/books?id=EmN8tCx_jR4C&pg=PA10&dq=first+Umayyad+Caliph&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ekTzUJO1M8G9rQGyuICADg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=first%20Umayyad%20Caliph&f=false. Soo qaatay 2013-04-30. Maqan ama ebar
|title=(caawin) - ↑ The Umayyad Dynasty at the University 0f Calgary
- ↑ Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir. The History of the Prophets and Kings (Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk), Vol. 18 Between Civil Wars: The Caliphate of Mu'awiyah 40 A.H., 661 A.D.-60 A.H., 680 A.D. (Michael G. Morony).
- ↑ Sahih Muslim, The book of (Virtues of the companions), narration no. [6409]:168-(2501) numbered by mohammad fo'ad abdul-baqi
- ↑ AD 2036 Is the End: The Truth about the Second Coming of Christ and the meaning of life, p. 77. By Christian Jacobsen [7]
- ↑ A Chronology Of Islamic History 570-1000 CE, By H.U. Rahman 1999 Page 48 and Page 52-53
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